管理信息系統(tǒng)

前言

自2001年12月加入世界貿(mào)易組織以來(lái)，中國(guó)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)了與世界各國(guó)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化各方面的交流與合作，這一切都注定中國(guó)將在未來(lái)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中書(shū)寫(xiě)重要的一筆。    然而，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展正面臨著前所未有的人才考驗(yàn)，在許多領(lǐng)域都面臨著人才匱乏的問(wèn)題，特別是了解國(guó)際貿(mào)易規(guī)則、能夠適應(yīng)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)需要的國(guó)際管理人才，更是中國(guó)在未來(lái)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取勝的決定性因素。因此，制定和實(shí)施人才戰(zhàn)略，培養(yǎng)大批優(yōu)秀人才，是我們?cè)谛乱惠唶?guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中贏(yíng)得主動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵。    工商管理碩士(MBA)1910年首創(chuàng)于美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)，隨后MBA教育歷經(jīng)百年風(fēng)雨不斷完善，取得了令世人矚目的成績(jī)。如今，美國(guó)MBA教育已經(jīng)為世界企業(yè)界所熟知，得到社會(huì)的廣泛承認(rèn)和高度評(píng)價(jià)。MBA教育在我國(guó)雖起步較晚，但在過(guò)去十余年里，我國(guó)的MBA教育事業(yè)發(fā)展非常迅速，也取得了相當(dāng)顯著的成績(jī)。    目前，國(guó)內(nèi)的MBA教育市場(chǎng)呈現(xiàn)一片繁榮景象，但繁榮的背后卻隱藏著種種亟待解決的問(wèn)題。其中一個(gè)就是教材的問(wèn)題。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)上國(guó)外引進(jìn)版教材在一定程度上還存在新舊好壞參差不齊的現(xiàn)象，這就需要讀者在使用引進(jìn)版教材時(shí)進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的甄別。    北京大學(xué)出版社推出的《MBA核心課程精選教材·英文影印版》彌補(bǔ)了國(guó)內(nèi)MBA教材市場(chǎng)的缺憾，給國(guó)內(nèi)MBA教材市場(chǎng)注入了一股新鮮的血液。全套叢書(shū)基本覆蓋了北京大學(xué)MBA的主修課程。包括：管理學(xué)、營(yíng)銷(xiāo)學(xué)、戰(zhàn)略管理、管理信息系統(tǒng)、運(yùn)作管理、人力資源管理、商務(wù)溝通、國(guó)際金融、金融管理、決策分析、貨幣銀行學(xué)、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)等。另外，在十幾門(mén)主課的基礎(chǔ)上又增加了幾門(mén)高級(jí)選修課程。包括：國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)、組織行為學(xué)、投資學(xué)、商務(wù)學(xué)、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表解析、管理會(huì)計(jì)、管理溝通、商業(yè)倫理學(xué)、企業(yè)家精神等。    本套叢書(shū)的篩選大體上本著以下幾點(diǎn)原則：(1)出“新”?？朔酝滩闹R(shí)陳舊、落后的弊端。大部分教材都與國(guó)外原版書(shū)同步出版。(2)出“好”。本套叢書(shū)收入了美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)、斯坦福大學(xué)、麻省理工學(xué)院等著名院校所采用的教材。如《管理學(xué)》、《營(yíng)銷(xiāo)管理架構(gòu)》、《管理信息系統(tǒng)》、《人力資源管理》、《財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)》、《管理會(huì)計(jì)》、《面向管理的數(shù)量分析》等；本套叢書(shū)還收入了著名學(xué)術(shù)界宗師包括斯蒂芬·羅賓斯(《管理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)》)、菲利普·科特勒(《營(yíng)銷(xiāo)管理架構(gòu)》)、查爾斯·亨格瑞(《財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)》)等人的學(xué)術(shù)巨著。(3)出“精”。大多數(shù)教材都是再版多次。經(jīng)過(guò)不斷的修改和完善而成的。    本套《MBA核心課程精選教材·英文影印版》集合了美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界和管理學(xué)界各個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业臋?quán)威巨著，該叢書(shū)經(jīng)過(guò)北京大學(xué)光華管理學(xué)院及其他著名高校知名學(xué)者的精心選編，包括了大量精深的理論指導(dǎo)和豐富的教學(xué)案例，真正稱(chēng)得上是一套優(yōu)中選精的MBA教材。    致謝    本套教材是我社與國(guó)外一流專(zhuān)業(yè)出版公司合作出版的，是從大量外版教材中選出的最優(yōu)秀的一部分。在選書(shū)的過(guò)程中我們得到了很多專(zhuān)家學(xué)者的支持和幫助，可以說(shuō)每一本書(shū)都經(jīng)過(guò)處于教學(xué)一線(xiàn)的專(zhuān)家、學(xué)者們的精心審定，北京大學(xué)出版社英文影印版教材的順利出版離不開(kāi)他們的無(wú)私幫助，在此，我們對(duì)審讀并對(duì)本套圖書(shū)提出過(guò)寶貴意見(jiàn)的老師們表示衷心的感謝，他們是：    北京大學(xué)光華管理學(xué)院：符國(guó)群、李東、梁鈞平、陸正飛、王建國(guó)、王其文、楊岳全、于鴻君、    張國(guó)有、張圣平、張志學(xué)、朱善利    中央財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)會(huì)計(jì)系：孟焰    本套叢書(shū)的順利出版還得到了培生教育出版集團(tuán)(Pearson Education)北京辦事處的大力支持，對(duì)他們的付出我們也致以深深的謝意。     教輔材料說(shuō)明     教材，顧名思義教學(xué)之材料，它和普通的書(shū)籍有一個(gè)很大的區(qū)別，就是必須“方便教師教學(xué)”。所以，好的教材更需有完備的教學(xué)輔助材料相匹配，且每一本教材都要有教輔材料，只有配備了齊全的輔助材料才能稱(chēng)其為完整的教材。<    出版聲明     本套叢書(shū)是對(duì)國(guó)外原版教材的直接影印，由于各個(gè)國(guó)家政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化背景的不同，原書(shū)中出版者和作者所持觀(guān)點(diǎn)及結(jié)論尚需商榷。需要特別重申的是，某些書(shū)中涉及的關(guān)于臺(tái)灣、香港和澳門(mén)的表述和圖表與我國(guó)政府的表述和立場(chǎng)不盡一致，請(qǐng)廣大讀者在閱讀過(guò)程中加以認(rèn)真分析和鑒別。我們希望本套叢書(shū)的出版能夠促進(jìn)中外文化學(xué)術(shù)交流，推進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理專(zhuān)業(yè)的教學(xué)，為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)走向世界作出一份貢獻(xiàn)。     我們歡迎所有關(guān)心中國(guó)MBA教育的專(zhuān)家學(xué)者對(duì)我們的工作進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)，歡迎每一位讀者給我們提出寶貴的意見(jiàn)和建議。     北京大學(xué)出版社     經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理圖書(shū)事業(yè)部     2006年1月

內(nèi)容概要

本書(shū)是《MBA核心課程精選教材·英文影印版》系列之一，《MBA核心課程精選教材·英文影印版》集合了美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界和管理學(xué)界各個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业臋?quán)威巨著，經(jīng)過(guò)北京大學(xué)光華管理學(xué)院及其他著名高校知名學(xué)者的精心選編，包括了大量精深的理論指導(dǎo)和豐富的教學(xué)案例，真正稱(chēng)得上是一套優(yōu)中選精的MBA教材。全套叢書(shū)基本覆蓋了北京大學(xué)MBA的主修課程。包括：管理學(xué)、營(yíng)銷(xiāo)學(xué)、戰(zhàn)略管理、管理信息系統(tǒng)、運(yùn)作管理、人力資源管理、商務(wù)溝通、國(guó)際金融、金融管理、決策分析、貨幣銀行學(xué)、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)等。另外，在十幾門(mén)主課的基礎(chǔ)上又增加了幾門(mén)高級(jí)選修課程。    合乎邏輯的結(jié)構(gòu)：根據(jù)主題安排各個(gè)章節(jié)和段落。每章以學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)和導(dǎo)論開(kāi)始，以關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)、關(guān)鍵概念、疑問(wèn)、討論主題、問(wèn)題和案例結(jié)束。概念和討論主題集中于每章的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。疑問(wèn)和問(wèn)題測(cè)試所學(xué)知識(shí)，為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性地運(yùn)用這些資料提供可能。透徹的解釋?zhuān)和暾U述所介紹的每一個(gè)主題，使學(xué)生可以理解并將其運(yùn)用于其他概念。堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)：基于管理信息系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)代理論和實(shí)踐，全書(shū)從頭到尾都可以發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代學(xué)術(shù)和專(zhuān)業(yè)期刊的參考資料來(lái)源。暢銷(xiāo)性：本書(shū)作者Raymond McLeod，Jr．具有豐富的管理信息系統(tǒng)知識(shí)，他的該類(lèi)教材被世界各地包括美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)在內(nèi)的學(xué)生廣泛使用，與其他同類(lèi)書(shū)相比，他的書(shū)是最受歡迎的。    適用性：本書(shū)可作為研究生和高年級(jí)本科生的管理信息系統(tǒng)課程教材，還可作為各企業(yè)、公司管理人員的培訓(xùn)教材和參考書(shū)。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

麥克勞德，Raymond Mcleod，Jr．奧斯汀得克薩斯大學(xué)副教授，他曾在CaliforniaManagement Review,MIS Quarterly,Journal ofManagementInformation System，Decision Sciences等刊物上發(fā)表論文。

書(shū)籍目錄

第一部分 核心概念　第一章 信息系統(tǒng)導(dǎo)論　第二章 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的信息系統(tǒng)　第三章 運(yùn)用信息技術(shù)開(kāi)展電子商務(wù)　第四章 系統(tǒng)使用者和開(kāi)發(fā)者第二部分 信息資源　第五章 計(jì)算和通訊資源　第六章 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)　第七章 系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)　第八章 運(yùn)用中的信息第三部分 管理信息和技術(shù)　第九章 信息安全　第十章 信息技術(shù)的倫理含義　第十一章 決策支持系統(tǒng)第四部分 項(xiàng)目　項(xiàng)目1 技術(shù)強(qiáng)化的演示　項(xiàng)目2 運(yùn)用Word的Web／HTML項(xiàng)目　項(xiàng)目3 運(yùn)用Notepad的Web／HTML項(xiàng)目　項(xiàng)目4 Web／HTML客戶(hù)滿(mǎn)意度表格　項(xiàng)目5 web／HTML計(jì)算機(jī)購(gòu)買(mǎi)表格　項(xiàng)目6 Spreadsheet基礎(chǔ)　項(xiàng)目7 具有數(shù)據(jù)捕獲功能的Spreadsheet——小型貨車(chē)?yán)印№?xiàng)目8 具有數(shù)據(jù)捕獲功能的Spreadsheet——大學(xué)計(jì)算例子　項(xiàng)目9 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表格和報(bào)告　項(xiàng)目10 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)查詢(xún)——Textbook數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)　項(xiàng)目11 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)查詢(xún)——Classproject數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)　項(xiàng)目12 基于查詢(xún)的報(bào)告詞匯表參考文獻(xiàn)索引

章節(jié)摘錄

書(shū)摘HISTORY OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS    A review of the history of information systems includes a look back at the hardware and how it has been applied. In the half century since the first general-purpose digital computer was installed in a business organization, the hardware has experienced many-fold increases in speed and capacity along with dramatic reductions in size. Concurrently, the computer applications have evolved from relatively straightforward accounting processes to systems designed to support managers and other problem solvers.    THE EVOLUTION IN COMPUTER HARDWARE    Electronic computers as we know them today can be traced to a machine called the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC), which was developed in 1946 by John W.Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert. At the time, they were working as engineers at the University of Pennsylvania. ENIAC was the predecessor of the Remington Rand UNIVAC I, which was the first widely marketed universal automatic computer.    The first UNIVAC I was installed in a government organization, the U.S. Census Bureau,in 1951. Three years later, the same type of machine was installed in the first business organization, General Electric. Figure 1.1 is a photograph of a UNIVAC. These machines performed fewer than 2,000 calculations per second——-extremely slow compared to the 2 billion or more instructions per second that are common for today's smallest and least expensive microcomputers. These early computers focused on a single task requested by a single user, and were called mainframes. The term mainframe is still in use today, but now is used to describe the large, centrally located computers typically found in large organizations.    Although IBM was not the first computer manufacturer, it was not long before it became the industry leader. By the end of the 1950s, it had amassed a full product line and in the mid1960s it revolutionized the computer industry by introducing the IBM System/360 line of  computers. These computers were the first that could concurrently perform multiple tasks from multiple users. Although a computer processor actually performs only one task at a time,the term multitasking refers to the fact that more than one user appears to be working on the computer at the same time. This appearance is made possible by the fact that the computer processes pieces of each user's application, and some of the pieces may be interspersed with one or more other applications. Before the System/360, one user started, processed, and completed an entire application before another user could access any of the computer resources.Systems such as the System/360 were very expensive by today's standards and could only be afforded by large organizations.    Smaller Computers    During these early years, in most finns the computer departments monopolized computer use. Users were not allowed to access the computers, which were housed in the central computing facility. The users had to communicate their information needs to information specialists——employees who have a full-time responsibility for developing and operating information systems. Examples of information specialists are systems analysts, programmers, database administrators, network specialists, and webmasters. As the computer became more popular, it became more difficult for the information specialists to keep up with demand, and backlogs of jobs awaiting computer processing became commonplace. Users became impatient and began wanting access to computer-based data without having to go through the information specialists. Some computer manufacturers recognized this need to make computer resources available to users and responded by manufacturing and marketing computers considerably smaller and less expensive than the mainframes.     The first small-scale systems were called minicomputers. A minicomputer, or mini,was a smaller and less powerful computer than the larger mainframe, with an ability to handle the processing of small organizations at a more affordable cost.     The mini enjoyed immediate success, especially for scientific rather than business applications. Business firms were hesitant to use them to process their data, and a main reason for this was the fact that IBM had not entered the minicomputer market.     During this time, an even smaller computer was being developed and marketed. It was called the microcomputer, or micro, because it was even smaller than the mini. Whereas the mini had been intended for small organizations, the micro was seen as a computer that could be owned and operated by an individual. Apple pioneered this market, as did the Tandy Corporation.Nonetheless, the fact that IBM had not brought out a micro dampened sales. Things changed in 1982, when IBM introduced its microcomputer, called the Personal Computer, or PC.

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