偉大的政治思想家讀本

前言

　　PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION　　This 2000 edition of Great Political Thinkers marks the fiftieth publication year of this best-selling textbook of the history of political philosophy. Political theory has changed since 1951. Rawls was not on the scene yet， Berlin barely was a presence， and Hayek was author of a recent anti-planning work. Topical thinkers included those who are not so considered now. Communism was a much larger presence--to say the least. Fascism was a recent force.　　For the sixth edition， Great Political Thinkers features a tripartite division. I have written a new Christianity section， incorporating material from my father， and retitled the chapter including the section "The Jewish Belief in One God， and Christian Love，" closer to my fathers original titles. I have revised the Hegel chapter and added new reading selections to it and the chapter on Kant. Tocqueviile and Mill now are in separate chapters from the single "The Dilemma of Democracy： Liberty and Equality" chapter comprising both of them in previous editions， and I have added to the Mill chap- ter. A Mill reading from the first four editions of Great Political Thinkers has been re- turned to this edition. The Nietzsche section has been separated into a chapter.　　The chapters on liberalism， socialism， and the welfare state have been reworked--the chapters most revised over the half-century. Keynes and Myrdal have been moved from the chapter now titled "From Classical Liberalism to Democratic Socialism，" and Thomas Hill Green and Harold Laski （of whom my father was a student） have been added in their places. Keynes and Myrdal， together with William Beveridge （also， with Green and Laski， new to this edition）， now compromise the following chapter， "The Wel- fare State." I almost entirely have rewritten the Keynes section introductory essay. In place of the fifth edition chapter on Hayek， the chapter "Libertarianism，" incorporating a new introductory essay on Hayek and Milton Friedman （who is new to this edition）， is substituted. The chapter on Isaiah Berlin is new and I have rewritten the Rawls chapter.　　Bill Herms prepared new bibliographical entries and provided general advice， significantly contributing to this edition. I again should like to thank Larry Adams， Tom Schrock， and Gordon Baker for their advice， encouragement， and assistance. Bill， Larry， and Rob Ebenstein read new introductory essay drafts. Finally， I especially should like to thank David Tatom for having given me the opportunity to revise the fifth edition of Great Political Thinkers， making this edition and my other related work possible.

內(nèi)容概要

這是一部有關(guān)西方著名政治思想家的生平活動、思想特點及主要著作摘要的選集，從柏拉圖到伯林、哈耶克，基本涵蓋了西方政治思想起源、發(fā)展的整個過程。其鎖定的主要讀者群應該是那些對西方政治思想史有足夠興趣的青年學子。 　　本書突出優(yōu)點是為讀者描繪了一幅全面、清晰、系統(tǒng)的西方政治思想史的全景圖，并通過作者的分析，使讀者得以深入理解諸多思想家的思想精髓與發(fā)展脈絡。但這種學習方法又有其不足之處，這些書更多反映的是作者的理解與思考。

書籍目錄

PREFACEPARY Ⅰ　ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL　　1 ROOTS OF THE WEST　　2 THE GREEK DISCOVERY OF REASON IN NATURE　　3 PLATO（ca.427-347 B.C.）　　　　The Republic　　4 ARISTOTE（384-322 B.C.）　　　　Politics　　5 POLYBIUS（ca.204-122 B.C.）　　　　The Histories　　6 CICERO（106-43 B.C.）　　　The Republic and The Laws　　7 STOICISM AND EPICUREANISM：TWO HELLENISTIC PHILOSORHIES　　　?、?Epictetus（ca.A.D.50-120），The Discourese and The Manual　　　　Ⅱ Marcus Aurelius（A.D.121-180），Meditations　　　　Ⅲ Epicurus （ca.341-270 B.C.）,，Letter to Menoeceus and Principal Doctrines    8 THE JEWISH BELIEF IN ONE GOD,AND CHRISTIAN LOVE　　9 ST AUGUSTINE（354-430）　　　 The City of Good　　10 JOHN OF SALIBBURY（ca.1120-1180）       The Statesman's Book　　11 ST THOMAS AQUINAS（ca.1225-1274)       On Kingship       Summa Theologica　　12 DANTE(1265-1321)       De Monarchia　　13 MARSILIO OF PADUA(1270-1342)       The Defender of PeacePAPT Ⅱ  SIXTEENTH THROUGH EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES    14 MACHIAVELLI(1467-1527)       The Prince    15 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION       Ⅰ Luther (1483-1546), Secular Authority: To What Extent It Should Be Obeyed       Ⅱ Calvin (1509-1564), Institutes of the Christian Religion       Ⅲ Stephen Junius Brutus (pseud.), A Defense of Liberty against Tyrants    16 BODIN(1530-1596)       Six Books on the State    17 HOBBES（1588-1679）       Leviathan           18 LOCKE（1632-1704）       Two Treatises of Government    19 MONTESQUIEU（1689-1755）       The Spirit of the Laws    20 HUME（1711-1776）        Essays Moral, Political, and Literary arid An Enquiry Concerning the  Principles of Morals    21 ROUSSEAU（1712-1778）       The Social Contract    22 KANT（1724-1804）       Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals       Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose       Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch    23 SMITH（1723-1790）    24 BURKE（1729-1797）PART Ⅲ NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES    25 BENTHAM（1748-1832）    26 TOCQUEVILLE（1805-1859）    27 MILL（1806-1873）    28 HEGEL（1770-1831）    29 REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNISM    30 NIETZSCHE（1844-1900）    31 FASCISM    32 FREUD（1856-1939）    33 GANDHI（1869-1948）    34 FROM CLASSICAL LIBRALISM TO DEMACRATIC SOCIALISM    35 THE WELFARE STATE    36 LIBERTARIANISM    37 BERLIN（1909-1997）    38 RAWLS（1921-    ）BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTESNAME INDEXSUBJECT INDEX

章節(jié)摘錄

　　KINGS ARE SUBJECT TO PRIESTS　　Just as the founding of a city or kingdom may suitably be learned from the way in which the world was created, so too the way to govern may be learned from the divine government of the world.　　Before going into that, however, we should consider that to govern is to lead the thing governed in a suitable way towards its proper end. Thus a ship is said to be governed when, through the skill of the pilot, it is brought unharmed and by a direct route to harbour. Consequently, if a thing be directed to an end outside itself （as a ship to the harbour）, it is the governors duty, not only to preserve the thing unharmed, but further to guide it towards this end. If, on the contrary, there be a thing whose end is not outside itself, then the governors endeavours will merely tend to preserve the thing undamaged in its proper perfection.　　Nothing of this kind is to be found in reality, except God Himself, Who is the end of all. However, as concerns the thing which is directed to an end outside itself, care is exercised by different providers in different ways. One might have the task of preserving a thing in its being, another of bringing it to a further perfection. Such is clearly the case in the example of the ship; （the first meaning of the word gubernator [governor] is pilot）. It is the carpenters business to repair anything which might be broken, while the pilot bears the responsibility of bringing the ship to port, It is the same with man. The doctor sees to it that a mans life is preserved; the tradesman supplies the necessities of life; the teacher takes care that man may learn the truth; and the tutor sees that he lives according to reason.　　Now if man were not ordained to another end outside himself, the above-mentioned cares would be sufficient for him. But as long as mans mortal life endures there is an extrinsic good for him, namely, final beatitude which is looked for after death in the enjoyment of God, for as the Apostle says: "As long as we are in the body we are far from the Lord." Consequently the Christian man, for whom that beatitude has been purchased by the blood of Christ, and who, in order to attain it, has received the earnest of the Holy Ghost, needs another and spiritual care to direct him to the harbour of eternal salvation, and this care is provided for the faithful by the ministers of the church of Christ.

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