高級英文寫作教程

前言

　　在我國正式成為世界貿(mào)易組織成員、全面準(zhǔn)備2008年奧運(yùn)會、日益融入全球化進(jìn)程的今天，英語書面交際能力在對外交流中占據(jù)著越來越重要的地位。這種重要性表現(xiàn)在對書面交際的需求日益增加、對寫作能力的要求日益提高兩個(gè)方面。高層次的書面交流，不僅要求使用語法正確、句子通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的英語表達(dá)思想，更重要的是要從中西文化差異、思維方式差異和表達(dá)習(xí)慣差異的角度出發(fā)，學(xué)會針對不同對象和目標(biāo)，運(yùn)用不同的語言達(dá)到交際和溝通的目的。　　2000年4月頒布的《高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱》對本科三年級(六級)、四年級(八級)的英語寫作能力提出了明確而量化的要求，還對畢業(yè)論文提出了3000—5000個(gè)英語單詞的長度要求。與此同時(shí)，近年英語專業(yè)八級統(tǒng)測的作文題目越來越向測試學(xué)生使用英語表達(dá)創(chuàng)造性思維的方向發(fā)展?！　∪蚧l(fā)展大環(huán)境的需求和教學(xué)大綱對英語寫作提出的新要求，從兩個(gè)不同側(cè)面為21世紀(jì)高級英語寫作教學(xué)指明了方向。我們認(rèn)為，英語專業(yè)高級寫作教學(xué)的基本任務(wù)和目標(biāo)，應(yīng)該是幫助學(xué)生了解中西方思維、表達(dá)方式的差異，學(xué)會使用西方人更習(xí)慣因而更容易接受的方式表達(dá)思想，成功而有創(chuàng)造性地進(jìn)行書面交流。這套教材，就是在這樣的方針指導(dǎo)下編寫完成的?！　〗Y(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容　　本寫作教程系列中的《實(shí)用寫作》和《論文寫作》兩個(gè)分冊里，每冊八個(gè)單元，分別供英語專業(yè)高年級各一個(gè)學(xué)期(每周二學(xué)時(shí))使用，也可供非英語專業(yè)的研究生學(xué)習(xí)使用。書后配有完備的教師手冊。　　每冊書的開篇是寫給學(xué)生的全方位指導(dǎo)性介紹“To the Stu—dents”。它首先對寫作概念進(jìn)行了定義，明確指出寫作的主要目的是交流，而不是應(yīng)試。這是為了在課程的起點(diǎn)就讓學(xué)生明確課程的總體要求，改變他們在長期應(yīng)試教育模式下形成的思維定式；并使他們懂得，寫作需要根據(jù)不同的讀者對象、交流目的使用適當(dāng)層次的語言和適當(dāng)類型的文種。其次，“’Fo the Students”詳細(xì)介紹了寫作的過程和步驟。為了使文章能夠順利達(dá)到交流目的，必須在寫作過程的各個(gè)步驟上認(rèn)真仔細(xì)，一絲不茍，從而改變學(xué)生在應(yīng)試教育模式下形成的一揮而就，不做深入思考，不做任何修改的陋習(xí)。第三，“T0 the Students”介紹了英語書面表達(dá)的兩個(gè)明顯特點(diǎn)：開篇直奔主題、續(xù)篇緊扣主題步步展開的特點(diǎn)；使用各類平行結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是“三組平行”結(jié)構(gòu)增強(qiáng)文章力度的特點(diǎn)。這是英語表達(dá)與漢語表達(dá)重大區(qū)別的所在。掌握了這兩條規(guī)律，有利于學(xué)生寫出符合英語思維和行文特點(diǎn)的文章。第四，“To the Stu—dents”明確了本教材的主要任務(wù)：使用正式和準(zhǔn)正式文體撰寫說明性、論述性文章，闡述思維和研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，而不探討文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的方法。同時(shí)指出，學(xué)生首先需要對自己的寫作能力有信心，輔之以不斷的訓(xùn)練和練習(xí)，才能取得進(jìn)步?！癟o the Students”最后介紹了教材的框架結(jié)構(gòu)?！　”緦懽鹘坛汤锏拿總€(gè)單元由四部分組成，以任務(wù)教學(xué)法的方式分別訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的語言技能、實(shí)用交際文種、學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作基本方法等，并緊扣《教學(xué)大綱》對六級、八級的寫作要求，分不同步，驟訓(xùn)練學(xué)生撰寫各種正式文種和1500—3000英語單詞的小論文，提高學(xué)生使用英語的能力，為寫好畢業(yè)論文奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)?！　　?/pre>


內(nèi)容概要
本書根據(jù)國家英語專業(yè)教學(xué)大綱要求，依據(jù)現(xiàn)代寫作理論，系統(tǒng)闡述了英語作文的獨(dú)特結(jié)構(gòu)與思想表達(dá)方式，訓(xùn)練學(xué)生使用適當(dāng)語言撰寫各類實(shí)用性交際文章，如正式信件、自我介紹、申請書演說詞tf等等，集中幫助中國學(xué)生處理英文寫作中的常見問題，并運(yùn)用教學(xué)法循序漸進(jìn)地指導(dǎo)學(xué)生完成1500——3000單詞的作文。高層次的書面交流，不僅要求使用語法正確、句子通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的英語表達(dá)思想，更重要的是要從中西文化差異、思維方式差異和表達(dá)習(xí)慣差異的角度出發(fā)，學(xué)會針對不同對象和目標(biāo)，運(yùn)用不同的語言達(dá)到交際和溝通的目的。



書籍目錄
To the StudentsUnit 1 Part 1 Letter Layout Part 2 Choosing the Right Words(1) Prat 3 Writing Process 1:Choosing a Topic Prat 4 Short Formal Essay:Stage 1Unit 2  Part 1 Enquiry  Part 2 Choosing the Right Words (2)  Part 3 Writing Process 2: Generating Ideas  Part 4 Short Formal Essay:Stage 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7 Unit 8Section Two Teachers’BookUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7 Unit 8Works Cited


章節(jié)摘錄
　　They were two brothers from the heart of America with a vision as sweeping as the sky， and a practicality as down-to- earth as the bicycle shop they worked in. I ve been to Kitty Hawk and seen the places where the Wright brothers imagined　　the future， and then literally flew across its high frontier. Itwas an inspiration to be there and to soak up the incredible perseverance and creativity of these two men.　　It was a lonely quest for the two of them in their garage behind the shop，　plotting to defy gravity and conquer the wind. Wilbur Wright said， "For some years I have been af- flicted with the belief that flight is possible to man." That　　kind of world-changing belief is a restless dream that drives you on to solve a problem， find the breakthrough. A force that drives you to bet everything on a fragile wing or a new idea.　　The Wright brothers were the first to build a wind tunnel and empirically measure how to use the wind to lift the plane into the sky. They were the first to discover that a long， nar row wing shape was the ideal architecture of flight. They fig- ured out how to move the vehicle freely， not just across land，　　but up and down on a cushion of air. They reasoned out that apropeller wasnt just a flat blade， but it had to have rounded edges and， in effect， become a rotating wing.　　There were countless bicycle shops in turn-of-the-century America， but only one where two brothers with their unher- alded persistent experimentation added wings to their wheels. By doing this， they transformed life itself. They brought fa-milies together. Once， when a child or other close relatives left the old country for America，　family and friends sat in mourning for someone they would never see again. Today， the grandchild of that immigrant can return again and again across a vast ocean in just half a turn of the clock.　　They were laughed at， but they never lost faith. The ge- nius of Leonardo da Vinci dreamed of a flying machine， but it took these two bicycle mechanics to create it. Undaunted by their first effort that literally fell apart，　they persevered for years until the first working machine flew for a mere 300 feet，　　less than the wingspan of a 747. The lifting of those wings on that day lifted us all to new heights of freedom， giving us all access to places we could never reach before.　　They gave us a tool， but it was up to individuals and na- tions to put it to good use， and use it we have. The airplane revolutionized both peace and war. The Wright brothers cre- ated the single greatest cultural force since the invention of writing，　for their invention became the first World Wide Web， bringing people， languages， ideas， and values together. They were the first true globalizers as flight paths became the first superhighways of a new international economy.　　The Wright brothers，　and their invention，　made the world smaller， and brought its people closer together. It was　not luck or accident but vision， quiet resolve， and the applica- tion of the scientific method that let Orville and Wilbur　Wright lift up the human race. Their example reminds us that　genius does not have a pedigree， that you do not discover newworlds by plying safe， ventional waters.　　Now， at the beginning of another century， who knows where we will find the new Wright brothers， what grade of school they are in， or what garage they re inventing in. Our mission is to make sure that wherever they are， they have the　　chance to run their own course， to persevere and follow their own inspiration.　We have to understand that engineering breakthroughs are not just mechanical or scientific， they are liberating forces that can continually improve peoples lives. Who would have thought that as this century opened that one of the greatest contributions would come from two obscure， fresh-faced young Americans who pursued the utmost bounds of human thought， and gave us all， for the first time， the　　power to literally sail beyond the sunset， soaring on the air.　　The 20th Century has been the American Century in large part because of great inventors like the Wright brothers. May we follow their flight paths and blaze our own.　　Let Us Make a Vow to the Dead　　Ronald Reagan　　Pointe du Hoe， Normandy　　6 June 1984　　We are here to mark that day in history when the Allied peoples joined in battle to reclaim this continent to liberty.　　……








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