政治學(xué)

前言

THiS book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to thestudy of politics. It is designed to be of use to students taking courses in anyfield of the discipline, as well as general readers with an interest in the subject.Politics stubbornly （and splendidly） refuses to stand still. The idea thathistory is 'speeding up' was not just a symptom of fin de siele anxiety; in asense, history is speeding up. For instance, the final decades of the twentiethcentury saw the end of the Cold War, the emergence of a global economy, atechnological revolution in production and communications and the rise ofpolitical Islam. Indeed, we appear to be living in a kind of 'post-world'; ideassuch as postmodernism, postmaterialism, post-Fordism, post-socialism andpostindustrialism vie with one another to demonstrate how much and whichbits of the familiar world have now disappeared. And yet not all is flux andconfusion. The pace of change may have increased, but certain aspects of soc-ial existence and important features of the political landscape have proved tobe remarkably resilient to change. Therefore, while this book gives full weightto modern developments such as globalization, the growth of feminism andgreen politics, the upsurge of ethnic nationalism and the emergence of newsocial movements, conventional approaches to the discipline are not neglected,and the contribution of classical thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Marx andMill is not ignored.

內(nèi)容概要

本書系統(tǒng)地闡述了政治學(xué)的理論及發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，內(nèi)容涉及政治理論、政治互動和政府設(shè)置。作者將政治哲學(xué)與政治科學(xué)有機地結(jié)合起來，梳理了針對同一政治觀象的不同理論和思想，并詳盡分析了每種理論的優(yōu)缺點以及理論爭論。第三版在前兩版的基礎(chǔ)上，內(nèi)容更加豐富，將后“9.11”的世界秩序和反恐戰(zhàn)爭、多元文化主義與認同政治以及國家轉(zhuǎn)型等重要的內(nèi)容納入書中。本書為讀者提供了探究政治學(xué)的獨特而富有洞察力的路徑，其內(nèi)容著眼于國際視角，行文簡潔易懂，美國、英國、加拿大以及我國香港和臺灣地區(qū)的多所名牌大學(xué)將其列為政治學(xué)專業(yè)的必備教材。本書配有翻譯版。

作者簡介

安德魯 海伍德（Andrew Heywood），克羅伊登學(xué)院（Croydon College）副院長，政府與政治A-Level課程首席考試官。除本書外，他還有《政治理論教程》、《政治學(xué)觀念與概念》、《政治意識形態(tài)》等著作，都是可讀性非常強、知識含量非常豐富的政治學(xué)作品。

書籍目錄

序言 致謝 第一部分：政治理論 　第1章：什么是政治？ 　　1.1　政治的界定 　　　作為政府藝術(shù)的政治 　　　作為公共事務(wù)的政治 　　　作為妥協(xié)與共識的政治 　　　作為權(quán)力的政治 　　1.2　政治的研究 　　　政治研究的取向 　　　　哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng) 　　　　經(jīng)驗傳統(tǒng) 　　　　科學(xué)傳統(tǒng) 　　　　近來的發(fā)展 　　　政治研究能夠科學(xué)化嗎？ 　　　概念、模型和理論 　　總結(jié) 　　問題討論 　　擴展閱讀 　第2章：政府、體系和政體 　　2.1　傳統(tǒng)的分類體系 　　　為何劃分政治體系？ 　　　古典的分類 　　　“三個世界”的劃分 　　2.2　現(xiàn)代世界的政體 　　　西方的多頭制 　　　新民主制 　　　東亞政體 　　　伊斯蘭政體 　　　軍事政體 　　總結(jié) 　　問題討論 　　擴展閱讀 　第3章　政治意識形態(tài) 　　3.1　什么是政治意識形態(tài)？ 　　3.2　自由主義 　　　自由主義的要素 　　　古典自由主義 　　　現(xiàn)代自由主義 　　3.3　保守主義 　　　保守主義的要素 　　　家長式保守主義 　　　新右派 　　　　新自由主義 　　　　新保守主義 　　3.4　社會主義 　　　社會主義的要素 　　　馬克思主義 　　　　馬克思主義的要素 　　　　正統(tǒng)共產(chǎn)主義 　　　　現(xiàn)代馬克思主義 　　　社會民主主義 　　　第三條道路 　　3.5　其他的意識形態(tài)傳統(tǒng) 　　　法西斯主義 　　　無政府主義 　　　女性主義 　　　環(huán)境保護主義 　　　宗教原教旨主義 　　3.6　意識形態(tài)的終結(jié)？ 　　總結(jié) 　　問題討論 　　擴展閱讀 　　……第二部分　政治互動 第三部分　政府設(shè)置

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：'Politics is not a science ... but an art', Chancellor Bismarck is reputed to have told the German Reichstag. The art Bismarck had in mind was the art of government, the exercise of control within society through the making and enforcement of collective decisions. This is perhaps the classical definition of politics, developed from the original meaning of the term in Ancient Greece.The word 'politics' is derived from polls, meaning literally city-state. Ancient Greek society was divided into a collection of independent city-states, each of which possessed its own system of government. The largest and most influential of these city-states was Athens, often portrayed as the cradle of democratic government. In this light, politics can be understood to refer to the affairs of the polis - in effect, 'what concerns the polis'. The modern form of this definition is therefore 'what concerns the state'. This view of politics is clearly evident in the everyday use of the term: people are said to be 'in politics' when they hold public office, or to be 'entering politics' when they seek to do so. It is also a definition that academic political science has helped to perpetuate.In many ways, the notion that politics amounts to 'what concerns the state' is the traditional view of the discipline, reflected in the tendency for academic study to focus upon the personnel and machinery of government. To study politics is in essence to study government, or, more broadly, to study the exercise of authority. This view is advanced in the writings of the infuential US political scientist David Easton (1979, 1981), who defined politics as the 'authoritative allocation of values'. By this he meant that politics encompasses the various processes through which government responds to pressures from the larger society, in particular by allocating benefits, rewards or penalties. 'Authoritative values' are therefore ones that are widely accepted in society, and are considered binding by the mass of citizens. In this view, politics is associated with 'policy': that is, with formal or authoritative decisions that establish a plan of action for the community.

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《政治學(xué)(第3版)》是公共管理英文版教材系列。

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