創(chuàng)造性的編輯

前言

　　是成為一名21世紀(jì)充滿靈氣的創(chuàng)造性的編輯，還是成為一個(gè)充滿匠氣的封閉性的編輯？這是每一個(gè)編輯課程學(xué)習(xí)者需要細(xì)考的問(wèn)題。伴隨著21世紀(jì)信息爆炸和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳播事業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展，當(dāng)今世界已經(jīng)處于海量信息的網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播環(huán)境之中，雖然這種傳播環(huán)境使得人人皆可成為編輯、記者的夢(mèng)想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)，但是我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)，新聞專業(yè)主義意義上的編輯角色并沒(méi)有被數(shù)字時(shí)代所淘汰，而是被數(shù)字時(shí)代賦予了新的內(nèi)涵。所以，成為21世紀(jì)創(chuàng)造性的編輯將是新聞傳播從業(yè)者具有獨(dú)到價(jià)值的職業(yè)定位和人生選擇?！　∽鳛槊绹?guó)新聞傳播學(xué)的經(jīng)典教材，《創(chuàng)造性的編輯》以其全面的內(nèi)容、清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)和不斷完善的信息而一直廣受好評(píng)。其第五版通過(guò)對(duì)文字編輯創(chuàng)新觀念的有效呈現(xiàn)、強(qiáng)化和補(bǔ)充，繼續(xù)保持了以前所獲得的經(jīng)典教材之聲譽(yù)。瀏覽全書(shū)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)該書(shū)涵蓋了平面媒體和網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體編輯實(shí)務(wù)的所有重要方面，而且該書(shū)作者從基本的語(yǔ)言技巧訓(xùn)練開(kāi)始，逐步引導(dǎo)讀者了解和認(rèn)識(shí)專業(yè)化文字編輯工作的每個(gè)階段及其所遇到的重要問(wèn)題?！　∫?、新聞傳播的核心和基石：文字編輯的重要角色　　《創(chuàng)造性的編輯》（第五版）的作者認(rèn)為，21世紀(jì)的編輯將依舊處于平面媒體和網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體組織的核心環(huán)節(jié)，這個(gè)職位能夠?yàn)槊襟w構(gòu)建和保持公信力而提供專業(yè)知識(shí)，同時(shí)為公眾獲得新聞和娛樂(lè)信息而擔(dān)當(dāng)看門(mén)人的角色。中國(guó)人民大學(xué)新聞學(xué)院鄭興東教授、陳仁風(fēng)教授、蔡雯教授的《報(bào)紙編輯學(xué)教程》中曾對(duì)報(bào)紙編輯工作的重要性有過(guò)這樣論述：報(bào)紙編輯工作相對(duì)于報(bào)紙及其新聞傳播活動(dòng)而言是“總設(shè)計(jì)與總指揮”、“集大成者和總把官人”。可見(jiàn)，在新聞傳播的工作流程之中，編輯的重要性不言而喻。這一點(diǎn)在傳統(tǒng)的媒體時(shí)代如此，在新媒體時(shí)代亦然，而且其重要性比歷史上以往的任何時(shí)刻顯得更加重要。　　在傳媒組織中，編輯和記者的職業(yè)角色有所不同。在西方媒體組織結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，記者是處于新聞報(bào)道最前沿的角色，他們負(fù)責(zé)直接進(jìn)行新聞采寫(xiě)并向編輯部提供最初的新聞報(bào)道稿件；而編輯則分為若干的層級(jí)，其中文字編輯處于記者和總編輯、執(zhí)行主編、特寫(xiě)編輯、圖片編輯等其他層級(jí)編輯之間，并在媒體的整個(gè)制作流程中發(fā)揮著重要作用。由此可見(jiàn)，文字編輯是整個(gè)新聞媒體組織中最為關(guān)鍵的環(huán)節(jié)之一。在某種意義上，編輯其實(shí)更像一個(gè)新聞傳播過(guò)程的“指揮家”，協(xié)調(diào)、調(diào)動(dòng)各種信息資源，并推動(dòng)新聞傳播過(guò)程有序向前發(fā)展；有時(shí)編輯又像是新聞傳播活動(dòng)的“總導(dǎo)演”，通過(guò)自己的工作不斷地挖掘新聞傳播的價(jià)值，為公眾呈現(xiàn)出更為完美的新聞傳播作品?！　∪缃瘢瑐髅焦芾砣藛T也已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到并看重優(yōu)秀文字編輯的價(jià)值，這也表明具有優(yōu)秀文字編輯基本素質(zhì)的從業(yè)者將在未來(lái)的職業(yè)生涯選擇中具有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)。另外，那些期望成為傳媒管理人員的人也將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，文字編輯工作是學(xué)習(xí)平面媒體和網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜制作流程的不可或缺的訓(xùn)練基礎(chǔ)，而且也是職業(yè)化編輯以此為基石而走向媒體管理崗位的最為常規(guī)的途徑。

內(nèi)容概要

本書(shū)介紹了美國(guó)現(xiàn)代新聞媒體的運(yùn)作機(jī)制，特別是對(duì)當(dāng)今激烈的報(bào)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)下的新聞編輯技巧，如素材的錄入與剪輯、標(biāo)題撰寫(xiě)、版面設(shè)計(jì)、圖片處理等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了講解。同時(shí)闡釋了如何在環(huán)環(huán)相扣的工作過(guò)程中關(guān)注受眾心理、新聞道德和倫理觀念，以避免發(fā)生侵權(quán)及誹謗現(xiàn)象，并對(duì)文字編輯的職業(yè)前景進(jìn)行了認(rèn)真的探討和分析。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

多蘿西·A·鮑爾斯（Dorothy A．Bowles），美國(guó)田納西大學(xué)傳播與信息學(xué)院新聞與電子媒體系教授。得克薩斯理工大學(xué)學(xué)士，堪薩斯大學(xué)碩士，威斯康星大學(xué)博士。曾在美國(guó)路易斯安那、得克薩斯、威斯康星、明尼蘇達(dá)和堪薩斯等地的日?qǐng)?bào)擔(dān)任要聞?dòng)浾?、體育編輯和新聞編輯。曾在

書(shū)籍目錄

PrefaceChapter 1  The Copy Editor's RoleChapter 2  Using Correct Grammar and PunctuationChapter 3  Consistent Style and Correct WordsChapter 4  Checking FactsChapter 5  Editing StoriesChapter 6  Legal ConcernsChapter 7  Editing and EthicsChapter 8  TypographyChapter 9  Writing HeadlinesChapter 10  Editing Pictures and InfographicsChapter 11  Design and Layout

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Some search engines are crawler-based， meaning that they use computer programscalled "spiders" to scan the Internet continually. Examples are Yahoo！ and Google.Everything the spider finds goes into the search engine index， sometimes called thecatalog. Other search engines are more correctly referred to as human-powereddirectories like Open Directory， which rely on humans to build listings to describeWeb sites. Still other search engines are hybrids or mixed results in that they returnresults that combine crawler-based and human-powered listings.　　Metasearch engines， also called metacrawlers， send searches to several searchengines at the same time. The results from each engine are then blended to form onepage for the user. Some experts recommend using an all-in-one engine at the begin-ning of the search； other experts like to begin with a single engine before conductinga metasearch. Drawbacks of metasearches are the slight increase in retrieval time andthe lack of precision in syntax allowed on individual search engines.　　All-in-one search pages， unlike metacrawlers， do not send your query to manysearch engines at the same time. Instead， they generally list a wide variety of searchengines and allow you to search at your choice without having to go directly to thatsearch engine.　　Search engines vary widely in their range of search features and in the waythey index and present their search results. Some index complete Web pages or pagetitles； others add material selectively and review sites based on content； still otherspresent subject indexes for users to browse by keywords. Some Web site administra-tors include coding that instructs indexing robots to omit particular pages fromsearch results.　　Another difference in search engines is that most guarantee pages will be in-cluded in their index in exchange for a fee. Google is an exception to this busi-ness model. All rely on advertising for revenue， but some engines maintain separate"editorial" services. This isnt to imply that paid listings dont contain worthwhileinformation on the Web pages， but search engine users arent always informed aboutwhich results lead to editorial material rather than advertisements in disguise. Ananalogy would be a newspaper or TV station that did not delineate between newscontent and advertising messages.　　Previous editions of this textbook contained names and URLs for popularsearch engines. Rapid changes in Internet technology and the financial instabil-ity of many Internet-based companies threaten long-term accuracy of such a list.Consequently， readers are directed instead to Search Engine Watch at http：//www.searchenginewatch.com， a Web site that stays abreast of developments in the worldof search engines——which ones are most usable， are most popular， possess specialfeatures or require payment for listings. In addition， this site offers Web searchingtips and reviews， ratings and tests about how well individual engines perform. Thesite links users to all the major search engines， popular metasearch engines， kid-safeservices and others. This site was created and is maintained by Danny Sullivan， anInternet consultant and journalist with no potentially compromising entanglementswith the search engine industry.

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