騰沖老照片

前言

　　◎ 序二　　“窮走夷方富走廠”的見證　　——一條歷史之路串起的珍珠　　周創(chuàng)　　晚清到民國的歷史時段，伴隨著社會變革的巨大動蕩，中國大地上再次出現(xiàn)人口大遷徙的浪潮。他們或為養(yǎng)家糊口，或為發(fā)財致富，或為躲避戰(zhàn)亂與災(zāi)禍，不惜翻山越嶺，不畏漂洋過海，心一橫，既抹著眼淚，又滿懷著憧憬，離開生養(yǎng)自己的土地，拋別老父老母、嬌妻幼子，踏上茫茫漫漫旅程，投奔異國他鄉(xiāng)。　　在中國國內(nèi)，四川人、江浙人的足跡，更是無處不見，而“闖關(guān)東”、“走西口”則是中國北方的男女們演奏出的最宏博、最凄美的命運(yùn)交響曲?！　≈袊祟嵟媪麟x、奮起創(chuàng)業(yè)的區(qū)域，決不僅僅限于九州方圓，更有福建、廣東人的赴歐美、下南洋的匆匆身影?！　≡谶@一股股背井離鄉(xiāng)、四處奔流的人潮中，騰沖人“走夷方”是近現(xiàn)代云南人企圖走出盆地，跨越山谷，自強(qiáng)不息的生命哲學(xué)中的亮點。而在一般人眼中，人們習(xí)慣評點云南人的閉塞、保守，并稱其傳統(tǒng)頑固?！　≡隍v沖民間，“窮走夷方富走廠”是一句流行百年的俗語。“窮走夷方”就是指生活窮到?jīng)]有著落的時候，便到緬甸為主要目的地的東南亞國家謀生、經(jīng)商。而“富走廠”，則指若要發(fā)家致富，就到緬甸的玉石廠和其他礦山冒險一搏礦產(chǎn)生意。　　這寥寥幾個字，是騰沖人的創(chuàng)業(yè)、生存的七字真言，又是一幅幅百年人生萬象的高度濃縮概括。其中，不知演繹出來了多少九曲八折、回腸蕩氣的悲歡離合、情愛生活；也不知演繹出了多少大貧大富、風(fēng)生水起的商貿(mào)傳奇?！　【褪沁@七個字的“窮走夷方富走廠”的生存之道，改變了無數(shù)騰沖人的生存狀況，染就了騰沖熠熠生輝的僑鄉(xiāng)色彩，鑄造了騰沖卓越的商幫文化，提升了騰沖人的心智才華，賦予了騰沖人勇敢和智慧?！　∥覀兘裉煸谄肺?ldquo;窮走夷方富走廠”這句話的時候，或許一條五彩變幻而又神奇悠長的大路出現(xiàn)在眼前，禁不住催促著你去探究這條滇緬大道的發(fā)現(xiàn)和開拓的歷史陳跡，了解騰沖人以前仆后繼的氣度留在路上的那些足以令人炫目動容的人生故事?！　∧敲?，就請仔細(xì)翻閱本書吧。書中的章節(jié)，是由一幅幅“老照片”組合起來的。這些“老照片”，最古老的不過一兩百年，更為大量的是20世紀(jì)40年代以后的一些照片。它們的內(nèi)容涉及甚廣，但與騰沖人“窮走夷方富走廠”相關(guān)聯(lián)的照片，是其中最特別、最有價值的照片?！　τ谶@批照片，有如下幾點或許是應(yīng)加以注意解讀的?！　〉谝唬松x不開走路。“人在旅途”，既是關(guān)于人生的象征意義的說法，又是人生的實況。騰沖位于南方絲綢之路要沖。眾所周知，早在公元前2世紀(jì)，我們的祖先就在這條路上走來走去。這條大路出緬甸、下印度后通向世界其它地方。這始終是和一個開拓、創(chuàng)造、尋求發(fā)展的夢想相關(guān)聯(lián)的，也是和中國人民從來就希望和世界各國人民友好交往的意愿相關(guān)聯(lián)的。騰沖人“窮走夷方富走廠”是中國人穿越南方絲綢之路的古老命題的一大時代創(chuàng)意，也是一種千古不變的沿襲。了解這點，便于我們在一個更大的背景下，以更開闊的視野審視這個現(xiàn)象?！　〉诙?，騰沖和緬甸接壤的地理環(huán)境決定了它在中國西南的地緣作用。在古代，在抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期，騰沖是具有戰(zhàn)略地位的邊陲重鎮(zhèn)，而在當(dāng)今改革開放的大環(huán)境中，它是名符其實的中國面向西南開放的橋頭堡。本書中的照片，從各個角度透露出的信息以及展示的舊顏舊貌風(fēng)土人情更顯現(xiàn)出文化價值、史料價值?！　≡诟母镩_放的今天，云南建設(shè)面向西南開放橋頭堡的戰(zhàn)略中，這本關(guān)于騰沖的書，可視之為一朵“戰(zhàn)地黃花”（見毛主席《采桑子·重陽》）?！　〉谌?，騰沖人在“走夷方”、“走廠”的艱辛過程中，出現(xiàn)了大量富甲一方的幸運(yùn)者。這些人中的大多數(shù)經(jīng)歷了“流浪者——創(chuàng)業(yè)者——巨富者”的命運(yùn)三部曲，或者說由平常人而成為商賈俊杰之后，由于人生境遇的改變，海外的非凡歷練使眼界心境更為開闊，不少人因臍血浸潤的至情，產(chǎn)生對家國同胞無比濃郁的眷戀之心，他們又成為了感恩行善的社會賢達(dá)。他們或幫助窮人，或修橋補(bǔ)路，或捐資辦學(xué)，或起房蓋屋美化家園，或資助中國民主革命，或支援滇西抗戰(zhàn)……不一而足?？傊?，他們引領(lǐng)了騰沖的主流精神。這就是行百善，惠民生，利鄉(xiāng)梓，舉云南，興國家?！　∫陨线@些，我們在這批騰沖老照片中，都不難尋覓出蘊(yùn)含在那些貌似平淡中的深邃，嗅出那些藏在似乎無味之花中的芳馨，析出那些似乎無色的文化碎片中的姹紫嫣紅。　　我始終認(rèn)為，近現(xiàn)代騰沖，那一股由民間發(fā)生發(fā)展的變革、開放、走出去的潮水，或明或暗，從來沒有斷流過，“窮走夷方富走廠”的說法便是見證。如果我們把本書的那一幅幅優(yōu)秀照片視為文化中的珍珠，它們可由這條千百年都在走的歷史之路串綴起來……　　● 作者為云南人民出版社編輯　　◎ Preface II　　Witnessing “If too poor, go to the foreign lands to seek your fortune, and if you want to make big money, go to the factories”　　——A string of pearls by the road of history　　From the late Qing dynasty until the Republic of China, another large migration occurred in China, along with associated great changes in societal formation. In order to support the family, or to make money, or to avoid wars and disasters, the people did not hesitate to cross over mountains and valleys and were not afraid of travelling overseas. They made up their minds and left their hometowns with tears and with hope. They left their aged parents, their beautiful wives, and their young children, and stepped out on long journeys, heading towards alien lands.　　In China, we see Sichuan, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang people everywhere. And “venturing into Northeast China” and “expanding west out of Shanxi” were the greatest and the most beautiful life symphonies played by the men and women in the north of China.　　The areas that Chinese people moved to and worked hard in to run businesses were not limited to China. There were the hastening figures of Fujian and Cantonese people who went to Europe and Southeast Asian countries.　　Among these batches of migrants leaving their hometowns and moving about, the Tengchong people’s “Going to Foreign Lands” highlights the fact that modern and present-day Yunnan people did their best to get out of the basin, crossing valleys with a philosophy of unyielding spirit. Usually, people comment that the Yunnan people are closed-minded, conservative, traditional, and stubborn, but the migrations show it is not so.　　In Tengchong’s folklore, “If too poor, go to the foreign lands to seek your fortune, and if you want to make big money, go to the factories” is a common saying that has been popular for about one hundred years. “If too poor, go to the foreign lands to seek your fortunes” means if you are too poor to make your living, then you chose Burma in Southeast Asia as your main destination to make a living and run a business. “If you want to make big money, go to the factories” means if you want to build up your family fortunes, then you go to the jade factories and the other mines in Burma to venture into the mining business.　　These few words reveal the reality of the Tengchong people’s running businesses and surviving, and they form a condensed view of a whole century of life, which was full of complex, soul-stirring joys and sorrows, separations and reunions, stories of love, and many legends of thriving trade, both of the poorest and the richest.　　The means of survival captured in these seven Chinese characters, “If too poor, go to the foreign lands to seek your fortune, and if you want to make big money, go to the factories” has changed the life conditions of thousands of Tengchong people, colored Tengchong brightly as an overseas Chinese county, made Tengchong a prominent trade culture county, promoted the Tengchong people’s wisdom and talents, and endowed Tengchong people with bravery and wits.　　Today when we are appreciating the sentence, “If too poor, go to the foreign lands to seek your fortune, and if you want to make big money, go to the factories,” there may appear before our eyes a long, colorful, changing, and mysterious road, which will push us into researching and discovering the Yunnan-Burma road, exploring the historic sites, and knowing the brilliant and moving life stories that Tengchong people have left on this road, the courageous spirit of each one stepping into the breach as another falls.　　So please read this book carefully. The chapters of this book consist of “old photos”. The oldest photos are about one to two hundred years old. Most of the photos were taken after the 1940s. These photos cover many subjects, but the photos relating to “If too poor, go to the foreign lands to seek your fortune, and if you want to make big money, go to the factories” are the most special and the most valuable.　　We can interpret these photos as follows.　　First, life is connected with walking. “People on a trip” symbolizes our life and is actually our true life. It is well known that Tengchong is located at an important point of the South Silk Road. Our ancestors had been walking on this road back and forth for many years. This branch of the Silk Road leads to Burma, crosses India, and then goes all over the world. It is always related to the dreams of exploring, creating, and seeking development, and also is related to the Chinese people’s willingness to make friends with people from all over the world. The Tengchong people’s saying, “If too poor, go to the foreign lands to seek your fortune, and if you want to make big money, go to the factories,” was a creation of the time of this old event of Chinese people journeying along the South Silk Road, and it has a long tradition of inheritance since then. Knowing this point makes us want to read about this phenomenon with a broad view and in greater detail.　　Second, Tengchong is located at the border to Burma, which decides its geographic function in Southwest China. In ancient times, and in World War II against the Japanese, Tengchong was the most important and strategic frontier county. Today, it deserves to be called the bridge and gateway to the southwest. The photos of this book have cultural and historical source value from all points of view, because of the information they reveal and the old scenes and old customs they present.　　In today’s times of reforming and opening up, and in Yunnan province’s bridge building and gateway strategy to the southwest, this book on Tengchong can be regarded as “The yellow flower in the battle field” (from Chairman Mao’s words).　　Third, during those hard times of “going to foreign lands” and “going to the factories,” there were some lucky people with great wealth. Most of these people had experienced three stages of fate as “wanderer-entrepreneur-wealthy.” In other words, after they went from being normal people to become trade elites, their life conditions changed. Overseas experience broadened their horizons and their minds. Many of them had a sentimental attachment to their family, country, and the country people. They became social elites, feeling thankful to do good for the country people. They helped the poor, repaired roads, donated to set up schools, built houses to beautify their hometowns, sponsored the Democratic Revolution in China, or supported West Yunnan War again the Japanese. We won’t mention everything here. In a word, they embodied the main spirits of Tengchong, which are “do good, benefit the people, benefit the hometown, develop Yunnan, and revitalize the country”.　　In all these old Tengchong photos, it is not difficult to find the profound meaning which is contained in the seemingly plain, smell the sweet fragrance in the plain flowers, and make out the multitude of colors from the colorless cultural remains.　　I have thought all along that the tide of reformation, openness, and going out that has developed in the folk of modern and present Tengchong really has continued from the past and has never stopped, whether it has been clearly said or not. “If too poor, go to the foreign lands to seek your fortune, and if you want to make big money, go to the factories” is the best witness. If we regard the excellent photos from this book as pearls of culture, they can seen as strung along this historic road that has been walked for a hundred and a thousand years.　　Humanity Readings Department of　　Yunnan People’s Publishing House

內(nèi)容概要

　　《騰沖老照片》是宣傳騰沖文化的一件好事?？v觀這本畫冊，可以說是騰沖近現(xiàn)代歷史風(fēng)貌的一個觀景臺，又是人們回首百年的品茗樓。《騰沖老照片》分為山河舊貌、異域光影、歷史陳跡、鄉(xiāng)土情趣4個部分。其內(nèi)容涉及騰沖的山川地理、風(fēng)土人情、社會事件、歷史人物、名勝古跡、特產(chǎn)服飾……其蘊(yùn)含的內(nèi)容有待于你去仔細(xì)解讀。

書籍目錄

艾思奇在西安
任教的艾思奇
艾思奇在中央人民廣播電臺演講
1958年9月到1959年6月艾思奇任河南開封地委
副書記時和當(dāng)?shù)厝耸亢嫌?br />在延安
民國元老李根源
李根源夫人
抗日縣長張問德
霍揆彰將軍
八·一三淞滬會戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后蘇州社會名流到前線慰問
支持抗戰(zhàn)的義演女生
被毀的文星樓遺址
東門外的敵堡
騰沖古城東角的缺口
被毀的龍云銅像
督辦署殘跡
激戰(zhàn)后的李根源舊居
被損毀的英國領(lǐng)事館舊址
被毀壞的騰沖牌坊
光復(fù)后的騰沖街市
戰(zhàn)地前沿的中美軍事觀察人員
向犧牲者舉行告別儀式
反攻前線的美軍顧問
做好戰(zhàn)斗準(zhǔn)備的戰(zhàn)士
正在前線戰(zhàn)斗的遠(yuǎn)征軍
三位臨戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)士
五十三軍將領(lǐng)與美軍聯(lián)絡(luò)官研究分析敵情
中美雙方聯(lián)絡(luò)官
遠(yuǎn)征軍架橋
強(qiáng)渡怒江的遠(yuǎn)征軍將領(lǐng)
全軍追悼大會，在和順鄉(xiāng)曠地召開
陣亡的預(yù)備第二師第五團(tuán)團(tuán)長李頤
戰(zhàn)利品展覽會場和展出的部分戰(zhàn)利品
戰(zhàn)利品，炮管及彈藥
戰(zhàn)利品，不同型號的槍支
1943年，遠(yuǎn)征軍行軍途中架設(shè)的浮橋
南齋公房中國軍隊進(jìn)攻的畫面
侵騰日軍合影
日軍尸體，狼藉一片，侵略下場，惡有惡報
慰安婦尸體
被俘獲的日軍及慰安婦
劉輔國的全家福
劉輔國
彭蓂、方涵、張文光、陳云龍、李學(xué)詩
張文光
辛亥騰越起義的主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人張文光遺屬
少年時期的張德輝
騰沖東方醫(yī)院
上海東方醫(yī)院
外國傳教士的暫住證一
外國傳教士的暫住證二
外國傳教士的暫住證三
第四章 鄉(xiāng)土情趣113-
“南劉”先祖舊照
兄兄弟弟，媳媳婦婦
“西練”老人合影
拿煙管的老人
拿煙管的女性老人
騰沖一家人
父與子
在上海經(jīng)商的騰沖人
在騰沖的旗袍一族
纏足的婦人
瓜皮帽、太師椅邊的小孩
戴八角帽的學(xué)生
女校的學(xué)生們
綺羅桂香社同仁
洞經(jīng)樂隊
洞山桂香會會友慶祝元始天尊圣誕攝影紀(jì)念
1946年10月10日，和順中小學(xué)師生慶祝辛亥革命勝
利三十五周年合影 -
民國騰沖學(xué)校表演活動集錦
唱春戲
城關(guān)臺閣表演
夾道歡迎英模代表歸來
軍代表指導(dǎo)生產(chǎn)軍需品
援老人員
汽車夢
下班的工人
怯生生的笑臉
傈僳族男女青年互送信物
膽扎傈僳族喝“同心酒”
傈僳族女播音員
20世紀(jì)70年代的拔河比賽
走村串寨的傈僳族衛(wèi)生員
傈僳族繪畫愛好者
上刀桿
騰沖上演的《紅樓夢》舞臺劇照
話劇《孔雀膽》主要演員
和順越緬華僑《孔雀膽》演出劇照
凌空飛刺
野外文藝活動
傈僳族民兵保衛(wèi)水電站
親人解放軍
捧“紅寶書”的傈僳少年
傣族姑娘在河畔學(xué)習(xí)《雷鋒的故事》
民兵英雄蔡大雙在水利工地上
為傈僳族同胞拍全家福
打谷場上學(xué)政治
釋放探空氣球
氣象觀測
地溫觀測
農(nóng)業(yè)氣象觀測的工作人員
氣象專家和青少年
北京自行車隊過邊城
投籃
傳統(tǒng)馬術(shù)表演
柔術(shù)叼花
一票難求
少先隊員在游行
祖國的花朵
群舞
演出劇照
單杠練習(xí)
泳裝童照
自制自行車
笠帽太陽能燒水試驗
傣族衛(wèi)生員講解衛(wèi)生常識
大青樹下的開水站
認(rèn)真工作的炊事人員
生產(chǎn)指標(biāo)口號
召開群眾學(xué)習(xí)會
街頭宣傳隊
農(nóng)村婦女在演講
農(nóng)場勞動小憩
露天大課堂
民主投票
表決現(xiàn)場
雪山采藥隊
夫妻學(xué)習(xí)會
幸福家庭大食堂
小西下馬常公共食堂
古老的手工造紙工藝
手磨
杵臼
腳碓
檢驗機(jī)器零部件
技術(shù)交流
加工農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械
鍛工
制磚工人
加工瓷碗
斗笠加工
手工搟壓餌絲
手工制藥場景
加工農(nóng)具
制鞋檢驗
和順藤編
鋪設(shè)水泥管道
將廟宇改為臨時學(xué)校
制作科技模型
藤編師傅對學(xué)員進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)
全國工藝美術(shù)藝人代表會議紀(jì)念章
老師傅帶新學(xué)員
技術(shù)交流
岫玉古鼎
翠玉雕《春播》
女藤編師
巧手小女孩
老當(dāng)益壯
五姊妹試驗田
堆谷垛
紅花油茶喜獲豐收
鄉(xiāng)村小學(xué)上體育課
20世紀(jì)50年代末的托兒所
開心瞬間
會議代表合影
涉水
老人與花
兩代法官合影
后記

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