英語國家概況

內(nèi)容概要

本書共分五部分26章，以英國和美國為主，兼顧加拿大、澳大利亞和新西蘭等英語國家的社會(huì)和文化知識(shí)，內(nèi)容包括主要英語國家的地理、歷史、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文學(xué)、科技、教育、宗教、大眾傳媒、社會(huì)生活和文化傳統(tǒng)等，突出歷史、政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)。本書內(nèi)容力求客觀、翔實(shí)、全面、實(shí)用，具有可教性和可比性，以利于教學(xué)組織和比較教學(xué)。     本教材是關(guān)于主要英語國家社會(huì)和文化概況的教科書，旨在幫助英語專業(yè)學(xué)生和其他英語學(xué)習(xí)者了解、學(xué)習(xí)和掌握這些國家的社會(huì)和文化知識(shí)，提高英語水平，提升跨文化交際意識(shí)和能力。

書籍目錄

Volume One  Britain　Chapter One  British Geography　   Section One  General Survey　   Section Two  Population and Languages　   Section Three  Major Cities　   Section Four  Mountains, Lakes and Rivers　   Section Five  Natural Resources　   Section Six  Climate and Weather　Chapter Two  British History　   Section One  Early British History　   Section Two  The Growth of Feudalism　   Section Three  The Growth of Capitalism　   Section Four  Britain and Two World Wars　   Section Five  Britain after World War Ⅱ　Chapter Three  Political System　   Section One  The Constitutional Monarchy　   Section Two  Constitution　   Section Three  Parliament　   Section Four  Cabinet, Prime Minister and Administration　   Section Five  Political Parties and Election　   Section Six  The Judicial System　   Section Seven  Local Governments　   Section Eight  Mass Organization　Chapter Four  National Economy　   Section One  General Survey　   Section Two  Industry　   Section Three  Agriculture　   Section Four  Foreign Trade　   Section Five  Work, Money and Tax　Chapter Five  Science, Literature and Arts　   Section One  Science　   Section Two  Literature　   Section Three  Arts　Chapter Six  Education　Chapter Seven  Mass Media and EntertainmentVolume Two  America　Chapter One  American Geography　   Section One  Geographic Position　   Section Two  Mountains, Rivers and Lakes　   Section Three  Geographical Regions　   Section Four  Climate　   Section Five  Population　   Section Six  Natural Resources　Chapter Two  American History　   Section One  Early American History　   Section Two  The War of Independence　   Section Three  The Civil War　   Section Four  The Rise of American Imperialism　   Section Five  America and World War Ⅰ　   Section Six  America and World War Ⅱ　   Section Seven  America towards the 21th Century　   Section Eight  America in the 21th Century　Chapter Three  Political System　   Section One  The Constitution　   Section Two  The President　   Section Three  The Congress　   Section Four  Government　   Section Five  The Judiciary　   Section Six  The Two-Party System and the Election　Chapter Four  National Economy　   Section One  General Survey　   Section Two  Industry  　   Section Three  Agriculture　   Section Four  Transportation　   Section Five  Foreign Trade　   Section Six  Banking and Finance　Chapter Five  American Education　Chapter Six  Science and Culture 　   Section One  Science　   Section Two  Literature　   Section Three  Arts　   Section Four  Religion　   Section Five  Social Life　Chapter Seven  Mass Media and Entertainment　   Section One  Mass Media　   Section Two  Sports　   Section Three  Holidays and FestivalsVolume Three  Canada　Chapter One  Land and People　   Section One  Geographical Regions　   Section Two  Natural Resources　   Section Three  People　Chapter Two  Canadian History　Chapter Three  Political System　   Section One  The Constitution　   Section Two  Governmrnts　   Section Three  Prime Ministers　   Section Four  Political Parties　   Section Five  Foreign Relations　   Section Six  The Separatist Issue in Quebec　Chapter Four  National Economy　   Section One  Economic Management and Problems　   Section Two  Agriculture　   Section Three  Manufacturing Industry　   Section Four  Service Industry　   Section Five  The Canada-US Free Trade Agreement　Chapter Five  Society and Culture　   Section One  Society　   Section Two  Culture　   Section Three  LiteratureVolume Four  Australia　Chapter One  Land, People and History　   Section One  Land　   Section Two  People　   Section Three  History　Chapter Two  Political System　   Section One  States and Territories　   Section Two  Government　   Section Three  Foreign Relations　Chapter Three  National Economy　   Section One  Mining and Energy　   Section Two  Trade　   Section Three  Agriculture and Fisheries　   Section Four  Manufacturing Industry　   Section Five  Service　Chapter Four  Culture and Social Life　   Section One  Education　   Section Two  Culture　   Section Three  Health Care　   Section Four  Social ServicesVolume Five  New Zealand　Chapter One  General Survey　Chapter Two  Land, People andHistory　   Section One  Land　   Section Two  Plants and Animals　   Section Three  People　   Section Four  History　Chapter Three  Government, Economy and Culture　   Section One  Government　   Section Two  Economy　   Section Three  Education and CultureBibliography

章節(jié)摘錄

　　In March 1982, a war between Britain and Argentina broke out, when thenational flag of Argentina was raised on the Islands. After a fierce fighting of over one month, backed by world opinion, Britain finally won. Argentinasurrendered. It has been the largest battle in the Atlantic since the Second World War. Both suffered and were damaged heavily. But victory satisfied the nationalpride of the British as if it were still a Great Power.　　After the Opium War of 1840, China was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking in which Hong K0ng was ceded to Britain. In 1984 an agreement wassigned between Britain and the People's Republic of China on the fortune of HongKong. Under the Sino-British Joint Declaration, which was ratified by the twogovernments in 1985, Britain is responsible for the administration of Hong Konguntil June 30, 1997. Hong Kong would then become a Special AdministrativeRegion （SAR） of China, but its capitalist system and lifestyle can remainunchanged for at least 50 years. With the exception of foreign affairs and defense,the Hong Kong SAR can enjoy a high degree of autonomy, and its governmentand legislature should be composed of Hong Kong people.　　In November 1990, John Major succeeded the Prime Minister. Like theformer Conservative one, the Major government believed that only firm basis for lasting economic growth and secure employment was sustainable for low in flation. For the next few years, it set itself the objective of keeping underling in flation. The government's economic policy was set in the context of a mediumterm financial strategy. Firm monetary and fiscal policies were designed to de featin flation. With lower inflation and interest rates and an increase in export as the world economy recovers,the government expected to see a resumption of economic growth, although the timing was uncertain.　　In 1990, when Iraq committed aggression on Kuwait, the Gulf War broke out, Britain contributed personnel to the UN observer mission established tomonitor a demilitarized zone between Iraq and Kuwait, following the expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait early in 1991, and sent observers to Western Sahara to participate in the referendum monitoring operation established there by the UN.　　With the Soviet Union dissolving at the end of 1991 and the radical changes in Eastern and Central Europe, the Cold War ended.　Britain and its allies acknowledged that the threat of a full-scale attack on all NATO's European fronts has been removed.　However, Britain believed that its security could be best protected by the continuing maintenance of collective defense with its NATO.　　……

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