美國語文（套裝共6冊）

內(nèi)容概要

　　《美國語文讀本》從19世紀(jì)中期至20世紀(jì)中葉，一直被廣泛用作美國學(xué)校的語文教材，據(jù)稱有10000多所美國學(xué)校拿它當(dāng)作教材。到了21世紀(jì)，西方一些私立學(xué)校（Private
School)和家庭學(xué)校（Homeschool）仍用它作為教材，足見這套書的價值與影響力。據(jù)估計，這套書從問世至1960年，至少發(fā)行了1.22億冊；1961年后，在西方每年銷量仍達(dá)30000冊以上。應(yīng)該說，沒有哪一套個人主編的教材能超過此發(fā)行量了！
　　此套讀本的英文原版共分七級，包括啟蒙讀本和第1-6級?？紤]到啟蒙讀本與第一級篇幅都較少，難易程度也很接近，于是我們將之合并為第1冊，其余2-6級與英文原版相同。這樣國內(nèi)出版的這套讀本共包括6冊。第1冊從字母表開始，主要側(cè)重于字母的發(fā)音與書寫、簡單的單詞與句型，同時強(qiáng)調(diào)英文書寫，課文后面附有不少書法練習(xí)，讓孩子們不僅將英語說得像外國人，而且寫得也跟外文書法一樣，這是國內(nèi)英語教學(xué)所缺少的一個環(huán)節(jié)。從第2冊開始，均是比較正式的課文，每一課包括詞匯和課文，對一些生詞有英文解釋，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會通過簡單英文理解生詞，養(yǎng)成用英語理解和思維的習(xí)慣。第5冊和第6冊的課文前增加了作者簡介與相關(guān)背景知識，內(nèi)容豐富而有一定深度。
　　此套書為在原版本基礎(chǔ)上重新修訂精裝版，后兩冊字號較之前有所放大，并且修正了原有的錯誤之處，以方便學(xué)生閱讀。
　　This series of schoolbooks teaching reading and moral precepts,
originally prepared by William Holmes who was a professor at Miami
University McGuffey, had a profound influence on public education
in the United States. The eclectic readers, meaning that the
selections were chosen from a number of sources, were considered
remarkably literary works and probably exerted a greater influence
upon literary tastes in the United States more than any other book,
excluding the Bible.
　　It is estimated that at least 120 million copies of McGuffey's
Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a
category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary. Since 1961 they
have continued to sell at a rate of some 30,000 copies a year. No
other textbook bearing a single person's name has come close to
that mark. McGuffey's Readers are still in use today in some school
systems, and by parents for home schooling purposes.

作者簡介

威廉·H·麥加菲，美國著名教育家。1800年出生于賓夕法尼亞州，1826年畢業(yè)于華盛頓大學(xué)杰斐遜學(xué)院。在數(shù)十年教育生涯中，他曾擔(dān)任過邁阿密大學(xué)語言學(xué)教授，俄亥俄大學(xué)校長。自1845年開始任弗吉尼亞大學(xué)道德哲學(xué)教授。他還幫助組建了俄亥俄州公立學(xué)校體系。
 
早在19世紀(jì)初期，麥加菲就意識到，應(yīng)該給那些孤獨(dú)的墾荒者和歐洲移民的后代提供普遍的教育，于是他利用自己作為演講家與教育工作者的天賦，開始為孩子們編寫系列教材。這套教材共7冊，從學(xué)齡前至第6年級。他前后花費(fèi)了20多年的時間才完成全套教材的編寫。這套教材面世后就被美國很多學(xué)校選為課本。在75年間銷量高達(dá)1.22億，直到今天仍以各種版本流行于西方，被美國《出版周刊》評為“人類出版史上第三大暢銷書”，對美國青年的心靈塑造與道德培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)生了史無前例的影響。

書籍目錄

LESSON 1 THE SHEPHERD BOY
LESSON 2 JOHNNY’S FIRST SNOWSTORM
LESSON 3 LET IT RAIN
LESSON 4 CASTLE-BUILDING
LESSON 5 CASTLE-BUILDING
LESSON 6 LEND A HAND
LESSON 7 THE TRUANT
LESSON 8 THE WHITE KITTEN
LESSON 9 THE BEAVER
LESSON 10 THE YOUNG TEACHER
LESSON 11 THE BLACKSMITH
LESSON 12 A WALK IN THE GARDEN
LESSON 13 THE WOLF
LESSON 14 THE LITTLE BIRD’S SONG
LESSON 15 HARRY AND ANNIE
LESSON 16 BIRD FRIENDS
LESSON 17 WHAT THE MINUTES SAY
LESSON 18 THE WIDOW AND THE MERCHANT
LESSON 19 THE BIRDS SET FREE
LESSON 20 A MOMENT TOO LATE
LESSON 21 HUMMING BIRDS
LESSON 22 THE WIND AND THE SUN
LESSON 23 SUNSET
LESSON 24 BEAUTIFUL HANDS
LESSON 25 THINGS TO REMEMBER
LESSON 26 THREE LITTLE MICE
LESSON 27 THE NEW YEAR
LESSON 28 THE CLOCK AND THE SUNDIAL
LESSON 29 REMEMBER
LESSON 30 COURAGE AND COWARDICE
LESSON 31 WEIGHING AN ELEPHANT
LESSON 32 THE SOLDIER
LESSON 33 THE ECHO
LESSON 34 GEORGE’S FEAST
LESSON 35 THE LORD’S PRAYER
LESSON 36 FINDING THE OWNER
LESSON 37 BATS
LESSON 38 A SUMMER DAY
LESSON 39 I WILL THINK OF IT
LESSON 40 CHARLIE AND ROB
LESSON 41 RAY AND HIS KITE
LESSON 42 BEWARE OF THE FIRST DRINK
LESSON 43 SPEAK GENTLY
LESSON 44 THE SEVEN STICKS
LESSON 45 THE MOUNTAIN SISTER
LESSON 46 HARRY AND THE GUIDEPOST
LESSON 47 THE MONEY AMY DID NOT EARN
LESSON 48 WHO MADE THE STARS?
LESSON 49 DEEDS OF KINDNESS
LESSON 50 THE ALARM CLOCK
LESSON 51 SPRING
LESSON 52 TRUE COURAGE
LESSON 53 THE OLD CLOCK
LESSON 54 THE WAVES
LESSON 55 DON’T KILL THE BIRDS
LESSON 56 WHEN TO SAY NO
LESSON 57 WHICH LOVED BEST?
LESSON 58 JOHN CARPENTER
LESSON 59 PERSEVERE
LESSON 60 THE CONTENTED BOY
LESSON 61 LITTLE GUSTAVA
LESSON 62 THE INSOLENT BOY
LESSON 63 WE ARE SEVEN
LESSON 64 MARY’S DIME
LESSON 65 MARY DOW
LESSON 66 THE LITTLE LOAF
LESSON 67 SUSIE AND ROVER
LESSON 68 THE VIOLET
LESSON 69 NO CROWN FOR ME
LESSON 70 YOUNG SOLDIERS
LESSON 71 HOW WILLIE GOT OUT OF THE SHAFT
LESSON 72 THE PERT CHICKEN
LESSON 73 INDIAN CORN
LESSON 74 THE SNOWBIRD’S SONG
LESSON 75 MOUNTAINS
LESSON 76 A CHILD’S HYMN
LESSON 77 HOLDING THE FORT
LESSON 78 THE LITTLE PEOPLE
LESSON 79 GOOD NIGHT

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：LESSON 2 JOHNNY'S FIRST SNOWSTORM1. Johnny Reed was a little boy who never had seen a snowstorm till he was six years old. Before this， he had lived in a warm country， where the sun shines down on beautiful orange groves， and fi elds always sweet with fl owers.2. But now he had come to visit his grandmother， who lived where the snow falls in winter. Johnny was standing at the window when the snow came down.3. “O mamma！” he cried， joyfully， “do come quick， and see these little white birds fl ying down from heaven.” 4. “Th ey are not birds， Johnny，” said mamma， smiling. 5. “Th en maybe the little angels are losing their feathers！ Oh！ do tell me what it is； is it sugar？ Let me taste it，” said Johnny. But when he tasted it， he gave a little jump-it was so cold. 6. “Th at is only snow， Johnny，” said his mother. 7. “What is snow， mother？” 8. “The snowflakes， Johnny， are little drops of water that fall from the clouds. But the air through which they pass is so cold it freezes them， and they come down turned into snow.” 9. As she said this， she brought out an old black hat from the closet. “See， Johnny！ I have caught a snowfl ake on this hat. Look quick through this glass， and you will see how beautiful it is.” 10. Johnny looked through the glass. There lay the pure， feathery snowfl ake like a lovely little star. 11. “Twinkle， twinkle， little star！” he cried in delight. “Oh！ please show me more snow-fl akes， mother.” 12. So his mother caught several more， and they were all beautiful. 13. Th e next day Johnny had a fi ne play in the snow， and when he came in， he said， “I love snow； and I think snowballs are a great deal prettier than oranges.”LESSON 5 REVIEWThe cat and the rat ran.Ann sat， and Nat ran.A rat ran at Nat.Can Ann fan the lad？The man and the lad.The man has a cap.The lad has a fan.Has Ann a hat？Ann has a hat and a fan.LESSON 6Nat's cap a fat dogHas the lad a dog？The lad has a fat dog.The dog has Nat's cap.Nat and Rab ran.Rab ran at a cat.LESSON 30 REVIEWThere is ice on the pond， and the mill wheel can not go round.The boys are all out on the ice with their skates.I wil let you and Tom try to skate； but do not fall， for you will be hurt. Look！ here come the cars.John and Nat try to skate as fast as the cars go， but they can not. John has had a fall.The girls are not on the pond； but some of them have skates which roll on the floor.LESSON 1ANECDOTE OF THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLEA laughable story was circulated during the administration of the old Duke of Newcastle， and retailed to the public in various forms. This nobleman， with many good points， was remarkable for being profuse of his promises on all occasions， and valued himself particularly on being able to anticipate the words or the wants of the various persons who attended his levees， before they uttered a word. This sometimes led him into ridiculous embarrassments； and it was this proneness to lavish promises， which gave occasion for the following anecdote：At the election of a certain borough in Cornwall， where the opposite interests were almost equally poised， a single vote was of the highest importance. This object the Duke， by well applied argument and personal application， at length attained； and the gentleman he recommended，gained the election. In the warmth of gratitude， his grace poured forth acknowledgments and promises without ceasing， on the fortunate possessor of the casting vote； called him his best and dearest friend；protested， that he should consider himself as forever indebted to him；and that he would serve him by night or by day.The Cornish voter， who was an honest fellow， and would not have thought himself entitled to any reward， but for such a torrent of acknowledgments， thanked the Duke for his kindness， and told him the supervisor of excise was old and infirm， and， if he would have the goodness to recommend his son-in-law to the commissioners， in case of the old man's death， he should think himself and his family bound to render his grace every assistance in their power， on any future occasion.“My dear friend， why do you ask for such a trifling employment？” exclaimed his grace； “your relative shall have it the moment the place is vacant， if you will but call my attention to it.”“But how shall I get admitted to you， my lord？ For in London， I 2 understand， it is a very difficult business to get a sight of you great folks，though you are so kind and complaisant to us in the country.” “The instant the man dies，” replied the Duke， “set out posthaste for London； drive directly to my house， and， be it by night or by day， thunder at the door； I will leave word with my porter to show you upstairs directly； and the employment shall be disposed of according to yourwishes.”The parties separated； the Duke drove to a friend's house in the neighborhood， without a wish or desire to see his new acquaintance till that day seven years； but the memory of the Cornish elector， not being burdened with such a variety of objects， was more retentive. The supervisor died a few months after， and the Duke's humble friend， relying on the word of a peer， was conveyed to London posthaste， and ascended with alacrity the steps of that nobleman's palace.The reader should be informed， that just at this time， no less a person than the King of Spain was expected hourly to depart this life， -an event in whichthe minister of Great Britain was particularly concerned；and the Duke of Newcastle，on the very night that theproprietor of the decisive vote arrived at his door， had sat up a n x i o u s l y e x p e c t i n g dispatches from Madrid.Wearied by official businessand agitated spirits， he retired to rest， having previously given particular instructions to his porter not to go to bed，as he expected every minute a messenger with advices of the greatest importance， and desired that he might be shown upstairs， the moment 3 f his arrival.His grace was sound asleep； and the porter， settled for the night in his armchair， had already commenced a sonorous nap， when the vigorous arm of the ornish voter roused him from his slumbers. To his first question，“Is the Duke at home？” the porter replied， “Yes， and in bed； but has left particular orders that， come when you will， you are to go up to him directly.”“Bless him， for a worthy and honest gentleman，” cried our applicant for the vacant post， smiling and nodding with approbation at the prime minister's kindness， “how punctual his grace is； I knew he would not deceive me； let me hear no more of lords and dukes not keeping their words； I verily believe they are as honest， and mean as well as any other folks.” Having ascended the stairs as he was speaking， he was ushered into the Duke's bedchamber.“Is he dead？” exclaimed his grace， rubbing his eyes， and scarcely awakened from dreaming of the King of Spain， “Is he dead？”“Yes， my lord，” replied the eager expectant， delighted to find the election promise， with all its circumstances， so fresh in the nobleman's memory.“When did he die？”“The day before yesterday， exactly at half past one o'clock， after being confined three weeks to his bed， and taking a power of doctor's stuff； and I hope your grace will be as good as your word， and let my son-in-law succeed him.”The Duke， by this time perfectly awake， was staggered at the impossibility of receiving intelligence from Madrid in so short a space of time； and perplexed at the absurdity of a king's messenger applying for his son-in-law to succeed the King of Spain： “Is the man drunk， or mad？Where are your dispatches？” exclaimed his grace， hastily drawing back his curtain； where， instead of a royal courier， he recognized at the bedside，the fat， good-humored countenance of his friend from Cornwall， making low bows， with hat in hand， and “hoping my lord would not forget the gracious promise he was so good as to make， in favor of his son-in-law， at the last election.”Vexed at so untimely a disturbance， and disappointed of news from Spain， the Duke frowned for a moment； but chagrin soon gave way to 4 mirth， at so singular and ridiculous a combination of circumstances， and，yielding to the impulse， he sunk upon the bed in a violent fit of laughter，which was communicated in a moment to the attendants.The relater of this little narrative， concludes， with observing， “Although the Duke of Newcastle could not place the relative of his old acquaintance on the throne of His Catholic Majesty， he advanced him to a post not lesshonorable-he made him an exciseman.”-Blackwood's Magazine.

媒體關(guān)注與評論

這套書不僅影響了美國的教育事業(yè)，也影響了美國的倫理道德。誠如歷史學(xué)家孔瑪格所言：“它們?yōu)槊绹鴥和峁┝水?dāng)今明顯缺乏的東西，即普遍的引喻知識、普遍的經(jīng)驗和自制意識?！薄　　x自《大美百科全書》

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