分離工程

前言

教育部關(guān)于《加強(qiáng)高等學(xué)校本科教學(xué)工作提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量的若干意見》以及《進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)高等學(xué)校本科教學(xué)工作若干意見（征求意見稿）》均提出本科教育要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造條件使用英語等外語進(jìn)行公共課和專業(yè)課教學(xué)。此外，《普通高等學(xué)校本科教學(xué)工作水平評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系》中也對(duì)雙語教學(xué)有明確要求。由此可見，雙語教學(xué)是我國高等教育與國際接軌和教育改革發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)，也是當(dāng)前教學(xué)改革的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。 分離工程是化學(xué)工程學(xué)科的重要分支，是研究各種化學(xué)物質(zhì)的分級(jí)、分離、濃縮和純化的方法、工藝、材料、設(shè)備等方面的過程工程科學(xué)。化工分離過程在現(xiàn)代化學(xué)工業(yè)和相關(guān)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中應(yīng)用廣泛，地位十分重要。在大力倡導(dǎo)節(jié)能減排、資源高效利用和綠色化工的21世紀(jì)，化工分離技術(shù)將在石油化工、資源環(huán)境、能源、材料等諸多領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮更為重要的作用。隨著化學(xué)工業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展，新型化工分離技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為化工領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)。 眾所周知，當(dāng)今世界已經(jīng)進(jìn)入知識(shí)大爆炸時(shí)代，科學(xué)技術(shù)與知識(shí)日新月異，其中絕大部分新成果都需要通過英文報(bào)道。目前，國際上有關(guān)分離工程與科學(xué)的專業(yè)期刊有Journal of Separation Science,Journal of Membrane Science,Journal of Membrane Biology,Separation and Purification Technology,Separation & Purification Reviews,Adsorption Science & Technology,Filtration & Separation,Solvent Extraction & Ion Exchange,Molecular  Membrane Biology等。為追蹤國際上有關(guān)分離理論與技術(shù)的研究熱點(diǎn)，需要閱讀大量相關(guān)專業(yè)期刊和專利，這就要求相關(guān)研究人員能熟練掌握和運(yùn)用有關(guān)分離科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語。因此，作為化工類專業(yè)及其相關(guān)專業(yè)的一門骨干專業(yè)課程，開展《分離工程》的雙語教學(xué)具有重要意義。一本適合雙語教學(xué)的好教材是正常開展雙語教學(xué)及保證教學(xué)效果的基礎(chǔ)。 國外原版教材在語言上原汁原味，但在內(nèi)容上卻未必完全符合我國的教學(xué)要求。原版教材存在的主要問題是內(nèi)容較多、篇幅巨大且知識(shí)點(diǎn)跨度較大，很難在有限學(xué)時(shí)內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)使用。如果能與現(xiàn)有中文教材相對(duì)照編寫雙語教材則更便于學(xué)生掌握相關(guān)英文專業(yè)術(shù)語與內(nèi)容，還可以在有限學(xué)時(shí)內(nèi)掌握相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)，更適宜于雙語教學(xué)需要。為此，我們?cè)诰帉憽⒊霭妗斗蛛x工程》中文教材的基礎(chǔ)上，編寫了《分離工程》（英文版）教材。 本書內(nèi)容共分七章，分別介紹多級(jí)平衡分離基礎(chǔ)、精餾、多組分吸收、多級(jí)分離的嚴(yán)格計(jì)算、分離過程設(shè)備的效率和過程優(yōu)化、其他新型分離方法等內(nèi)容。每章后有詞匯、注釋、習(xí)題與參考文獻(xiàn)，便于學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)參考。 本書由青島科技大學(xué)的徐東彥副教授、葉慶國教授和陶旭梅博士編寫。其中第1章、第章、第6章和第7章由徐東彥編寫，第2章和第3章由葉慶國編寫，第4章由陶旭梅編寫。最后，感謝博士研究生劉永卓、碩士研究生王海振、盧鵬、胡鴻賓、宋紅榮、席玉蕾、孫晉良和程世超等在資料收集過程中提供的幫助。 由于編寫人員水平有限，書中不妥之處在所難免，衷心希望廣大讀者和有關(guān)專家學(xué)者批評(píng)指正。 編者 2011年10月

內(nèi)容概要

　　《分離工程(英文版)
》是針對(duì)分離工程雙語教學(xué)編寫而成的英文版教材，內(nèi)容編排與中文分離工程課程體系一致，便于學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)使用。
　　本書共七章，內(nèi)容包括多級(jí)平衡分離基礎(chǔ)、精餾、多組分吸收、多級(jí)分離的嚴(yán)格計(jì)算、分離過程設(shè)備的效率和過程優(yōu)化、其他新型分離方法等。每章后附有詞匯、注釋、習(xí)題與參考文獻(xiàn)。本書編寫時(shí)參考了大量英文原版教材與英文文獻(xiàn)，力求語言上達(dá)到原汁原味。
　　《分離工程(英文版)》可作為高等院?；瘜W(xué)工程與工藝、制藥工程、生物工程、環(huán)境工程、食品與輕化工等專業(yè)的分離工程雙語教材，也可作為相關(guān)科研人員和技術(shù)人員的參考書。

書籍目錄

Chapter 1 Separation Processes
　1.1 Characteristics of separation process and separation
factor
　1.1.1 Characteristics of separation process
　1.1.2 Separation factor
　1.2 Classifications of separation process
　1.3 Selection of separation processes
　1.4 Industrial chemical processes
　Words
　Notes
　Problems
　References
Chapter 2 Foundation of Multicomponent, Multistage
　Separations
　2.1 Degree of freedom and design variables
　2.1.1 General description
　2.1.2 Design and control degrees of freedom
　2.1.3 Phase rule and the degree of freedom analysis of
processes
　2.2 Calculation of phase equilibrium
　2.2.1 Phase equilibrium
　2.2.2 Phase equilibrium data
　2.2.3 Calculations of vapor–liquid equilibrium
　2.3 Multicomponent bubble- and dew-point calculations
　2.4 Single stage equilibrium calculations
　2.4.1 Determination of phase conditions for a mixture and types of
flash
　distillation calculations
　2.4.2 Isothermal flash
　2.4.3 Adiabatic flash
　2.5 Batch distillation
　2.5.1 Introduction
　2.5.2 Unconventional column configurations
　2.5.3 Batch distillation optimization
　2.6 Steam distillation
　2.7 Continuous distillation
　Words
　Notes
　Problems
　References
Chapter 3 Multicomponent, Multistage Separations
　3.1 Multicomponent distillation
　3.1.1 Key components
　3.1.2 Complex of multicomponent distillation
　3.2 Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland shortcut method
　3.2.1 Material balance method of sharp separation
　3.2.2 Fenske equation for minimum equilibrium stages
　3.2.3 Underwood formula for minimum reflux ratio
　3.2.4 Gilliland correlation for actual reflux ratio and
theoretical stages
　3.2.5 Feed-stage location
　3.3 Azeotropic distillation
　3.3.1 Azeotropism
　3.3.2 Characteristics of azeotrope
　3.3.3 Azeotropic distillation processes
　3.3.4 Azeotropic distillation using an entrainer
　3.4 Extractive distillation
　3.4.1 Introduction
　3.4.2 Principles of extractive distillation
　3.4.3 Analysis of extractive distillation process
　3.5 Salt distillation
　Words
　Notes
　Problems
　References
Chapter 4 Gas Absorption and Stripping
　4.1 Introduction
　4.2 Gas-liquid equilibrium
　4.2.1 Equilibrium of physical absorption
　4.2.2 Equilibrium of chemical absorption
　4.3 Absorption and stripping process
　4.3.1 Introduction of absorption and stripping process
　4.3.2 Analysis of multicomponent absorption and stripping
process
　4.4 Shortcut calculation of multicomponent absorption and
stripping process
　4.4.1 Basic conception of absorption process calculation
　4.4.2 Absorption factor method
　4.4.3 Stripping factor method
　Words
　Notes
　Problems
　References
Chapter 5 Rigorous Methods for Multicomponent, Multistage
　Separations
　5.1 Theoretical model for an equilibrium stage
　5.1.1 Physical model of complex distillation column
　5.1.2 Theoretical model of equilibrium stage
　5.2 General strategy of mathematical solution
　5.3 Equation-tearing procedures
　5.3.1 Tridiagonal-matrix algorithm
　5.3.2 Bubble-point (BP) method
　5.3.3 Sum-rates (SR) method
　5.3.4 Simultaneous-correction method
　5.4 Stage-by-stage method
　5.4.1 Starting point of calculation
　5.4.2 Calculation at constant molar overflow
　5.4.3 Determination of feed stage and the criteria for the end of
calculation
　5.4.4 Calculation at varying molar overflow
　Words
　Notes
　Problems
　References
Chapter 6 Efficiency and Energy Saving in Distillation
　Process
　6.1 Efficiency
　6.1.1 Types of plate efficiency
　6.1.2 Factors impacting efficiency
　6.1.3 Efficiency calculation methods
　6.1.4 Overall efficiency evaluation of commercial distillation
columns
　6.2 Minimum work of separation process
　6.2.1 General description
　6.2.2 Minimum work of separation
　6.2.3 Nonisothermal separation and available energy
　6.2.4 Net work consumption and thermodynamic efficiency
　6.3 Energy saving in distillation process
　6.3.1 Thermodynamic analysis of separation process
　6.3.2 Distillation with intermediate condenser and reboiler
　6.3.3 Multi-effect distillation
　6.3.4 Heat pump
　6.4 Distillation sequencing
　6.4.1 Distillation sequencing using simple columns
　6.4.2 Practical constraints restricting options
　6.4.3 Choice of sequence for simple nonintegrated distillation
columns
　6.4.4 Distillation sequencing using columns with more than two
products
　6.5 Synthesis of separation processes by case-based
reasoning
　6.5.1 Selection of single separations
　6.5.2 Synthesis of azeotropic separations
　6.5.3 Synthesis of separation sequences
　6.5.4 Combined operations
　6.5.5 Examples on azeotropic separation
　6.6 Design and optimization of thermally coupled distillation
schemes
　6.7 Energy efficiency of an indirect, thermally coupled
distillation sequence
　Words
　Notes
　Problems
　References
Chapter 7 Other Separation Methods
　7.1 Adsorption
　7.1.1 Adsorbents
　7.1.2 Fundamentals of adsorption equilibria
　7.1.3 Theories of adsorption equilibria
　7.1.4 Processes and cycles
　7.1.5 Application in carbon dioxide separation
　7.2 Ion exchange
　7.2.1 Structure of ion exchange resins
　7.2.2 Principles of ion exchange processes
　7.2.3 Type of ion exchange resins
　7.2.4 Application of ion exchange resins
　7.2.5 Regeneration of ion exchange resins
　7.3 Liquid-liquid extraction
　7.3.1 Solvent selection
　7.3.2 Extractor design
　7.3.3 Liquid-liquid extraction equipment
　7.3.4 Supercritical fluid extraction
　7.4 Reactive distillation
　7.4.1 Introduction
　7.4.2 Basic of reactive distillation
　7.4.3 Available commercial catalytic packings and homogeneous
internals
　7.4.4 Barriers to commercial implementation
　7.4.5 Computational methods
　7.4.6 Application
　7.5 Membrane separation
　7.5.1 Introduction
　7.5.2 Membranes for gas separation
　7.5.3 Membranes for liquid separation
Words
Notes
Problems
References

章節(jié)摘錄

版權(quán)頁：插圖：Centrifugal extractors are ideal for systems in which the density difierence is less than 4％.In addition，this type of system should be utilized if process requires many equilibrium stages.In these systems，mechanical devices are used to agitate the mixture to increase the interfacial area and decrease mass transfer resistance.Centrifugal contactors，like mixer-settlers，are discrete stage units，providing one stage of extraction per unit and are readily linked together as each rotor pumps separated fluids to thenext stage inlet in each direction.The primary difference between a centrifugal contactor and amixer-setter is the separation of the two phase mixture.Centrifugal contactors employ aspinning rotor that①intensely mixes the two phases and②separates the two phases inside the rotor where the centrifugal forces can be as high as 300g，resulting in efficient and fast phase separation.The separated phases exit the contactor by over flow and under flow weirs，similar to a mixer settler.

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《分離工程(英文版)》是高等教育雙語教學(xué)推薦教材之一。

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