新編環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語

前言

　　環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語為基礎(chǔ)英語的后續(xù)課程。其學(xué)習(xí)的目的是提高高等學(xué)校環(huán)境工程、環(huán)境科學(xué)及給水排水專業(yè)學(xué)生閱讀和翻譯英文專業(yè)書刊的能力，掌握閱讀翻譯專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)資料的技巧，熟悉科技論文撰寫的基本知識(shí)，擴(kuò)大專業(yè)詞匯量，為在今后的工作學(xué)習(xí)中獲取專業(yè)信息、掌握學(xué)科發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)、參加國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)交流等奠定良好的基礎(chǔ)?！　　缎戮幁h(huán)境科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語》是編者根據(jù)大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱的要求，結(jié)合環(huán)境工程與環(huán)境科學(xué)專業(yè)英語教學(xué)實(shí)踐中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和體會(huì)，依據(jù)環(huán)境工程行業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，專門為高等院校環(huán)境工程與環(huán)境科學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)英語而編寫的。本書亦可供廣大從事給水排水工程專業(yè)、工程管理專業(yè)工作，并具備一定英語基礎(chǔ)的工程技術(shù)人員及自學(xué)者學(xué)習(xí)參考使用?！　”拘戮幗滩墓卜治鍌€(gè)部分。第一部分為基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，包括三個(gè)單元：第一單元，主要介紹專業(yè)英語的基本特點(diǎn)；第二單元，專業(yè)英語的翻譯，闡述專業(yè)英語的翻譯方法和技巧；第三單元，科技論文的寫作，介紹科技英語的基本例句和寫作基本知識(shí)。結(jié)合專業(yè)英語專業(yè)性比較強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)，本書在第二部分～第四部分集中選編了英文文獻(xiàn)共30篇，涵蓋了環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)各個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。其中：第二部分為環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程概述，選編英文文獻(xiàn)10篇；第三部分為環(huán)境污染與控制技術(shù)，選編英文文獻(xiàn)14篇；第四部分為環(huán)境管理與相關(guān)政策，選編英文文獻(xiàn)6篇。第五部分為詞匯表，除匯總了選編英文文獻(xiàn)的生詞和主要專業(yè)詞匯外，還匯編了環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)相關(guān)規(guī)范的專業(yè)術(shù)語詞匯，使學(xué)習(xí)者能夠準(zhǔn)確掌握專業(yè)詞匯的英文表達(dá)。　　本教程英文文獻(xiàn)選材針對(duì)性較強(qiáng)，題材范圍廣泛，難度適中，結(jié)合了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)知識(shí)的特點(diǎn)。同時(shí)，為了便于學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)使用，本書最后附錄還編寫了包括專業(yè)英語常用詞綴、常用數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)的文字表達(dá)、環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程中常用的度量衡和單位換算等內(nèi)容?！　”緯杉纸ㄖこ虒W(xué)院的彭舉威、王若竹、錢永梅主編，田偉、金玉杰、陸海副主編，林英姿、孫雪景、宋鐵紅、張文寶、趙可、姚秀霞參編。全書由韓相奎教授和鄒建奇教授主審。本書在編寫過程中得到了東北師范大學(xué)霍明昕教授和長(zhǎng)春建筑工程學(xué)院邵丕紅教授的幫助，并參考了有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的部分資料，在此一并表示感謝！由于水平有限，書中難免有疏漏和不足之處，懇請(qǐng)廣大讀者和同行、專家批評(píng)指正。

內(nèi)容概要

本書共分五個(gè)部分。第一部分為基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，包括專業(yè)英語的基本特點(diǎn)、翻譯和科技論文的寫作。第二部分～第四部分選編了英文文獻(xiàn)30篇，其中：第二部分為環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程概述，第三部分為環(huán)境污染與控制技術(shù)，第四部分為環(huán)境管理與相關(guān)政策。第五部分為詞匯表，除匯總了選編英文文獻(xiàn)的生詞和主要專業(yè)詞匯外，還匯編了環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)相關(guān)規(guī)范的專業(yè)術(shù)語詞匯，使學(xué)習(xí)者能夠準(zhǔn)確掌握專業(yè)詞匯的英文表達(dá)。     本書根據(jù)大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱的要求編寫，為基礎(chǔ)英語的后續(xù)課程，可供高等學(xué)校環(huán)境工程、環(huán)境科學(xué)及給水排水專業(yè)師生作為教學(xué)用書或教學(xué)參考用書。

書籍目錄

Part I The Basic Knowledge 1 　Unit 1 The Basic Characters of English for Special Purpose 1     1.1 The Characters of Language 1     1.2 The Characters of Grammar 2     1.3 The Characters of Words and Expressions 3     1.4 The Characters of Structure 5 　Unit 2 The Translation of English for Special Purpose 7     2.1 Introduction 7     2.2 Contrast between English and Chinese 9     2.3 Selecting and Extending the Meaning of a Word 12     2.4 Method of Changing the Syntactical Functions 13     2.5 Methods of Adding and Omitting 15     2.6 Translation of Special Sentence Pattern 18     2.7 Translation of Long Sentence 22     2.8 Translation of Subordinate Clause 24     2.9 Translation about Quantity 26 　Unit 3 Writing of Scientific and Technical Papers 29     3.1 Stylistic Rules of Papers 29     3.2 Title and Sign 30     3.3 Abstract 31     3.4 Writing and Organizing of the Main Text 34 Part II Introduction to Environmental Engineering 47 　Unit 1 What is “The Environment” 47 　Unit 2 Introduction to Environmental Science 50 　Unit 3 Historical Overview of Hazardous Substance Disposal in the USA 55 　Unit 4 Engineering and the Environment 58 　Unit 5 Environmental Analysis 62 　Unit 6 Studies and Designs 66 　Unit 7 Environment—the Human Condition 71 　Unit 8 Global Environmental Issues 74 　Unit 9 Urban Environmental Problems Transition 77 　Unit 10 Extinction of Species 80 Part III Environmental Pollution and Control Technologies 83 　Unit 1 Water Pollution and Pollutants 83 　Unit 2 Biological Wastewater Treatment 88 　Unit 3 Wastewater Treatment Process 93 　Unit 4 Sludge Treatment 98 　Unit 5 Air Pollution 102 　Unit 6 Type and Sources of Air Pollutants 105 　Unit 7 Conventional Technology of Air Pollution Control 108 　Unit 8 Solid Waste 112 　Unit 9 Sources and Types of Solid Wastes 115 　Unit 10 Solid Waste Disposal Technology 120 　Unit 11 Sound and Noise 123 　Unit 12 Noise Control 125 　Unit 13 Energy Consumption and Pollution 127 　Unit 14 Techniques for Removal Pollutants from Soil 129 Part IV Environmental Management and Policy 132 　Unit 1 Environmental Degradation and the Law 132 　Unit 2 Environmental Management Systems 137 　Unit 3 Environmental Protection and Education in China 141 　Unit 4 Solid Waste Management Overview 145 　Unit 5 Sustainability and Water Management 149 　Unit 6 A New Politics for a New Era — A Political Agenda for the 1990s 152 Part V Words and Phrases 158 　Unit 1 Words and Phrases of Literatures 159 　Unit 2 Glossary of Environmental Science and Engineering 172     2.1 Words of Environmental Protection 172     2.2 Words of Pollutant 174     2.3 Words of Air Pollution Control Engineering 176     2.4 Words of Water Treatment Engineering 178     2.5 Words of Solid Waste Treatment 183     2.6 Words of Noise Pollution Control 187     2.7 Words of Wild Animals 187 Appendix 189 Appendix 1 Specialized English Affixes Commonly Used 189 Appendix 2 Expression of Mathematical Symbols Commonly Used 192 Appendix 3 Measurements and the Conversion Commonly Used 195 References 196

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Most people care about the environment. But what exactly dose that mean？ When we talkabout "environment problems" that need to be addressed, what do we have in mind？　　The "environment" can mean different things to different people. Simply said, theenvironment can be defined as ones surroundings. In terms of the environmental engineersinvolvement, however, a more specific definition is needed. The unabridged Random Housedictionary defines environment as "the aggregate of surrounding things, conditions orinfluences, especially as affecting the existence or development of someone or something".　　Generally, the term environment refers to the physical environment that surrounds us. Thisincludes the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the land, oceans, rivers, and forests thatcover the earth. To an increasing extent it also includes the buildings, highways, and modeminfrastructure of urban settings in which a growing proportion of the worlds population resides.This environment will directly and indirectly affects the viability of all living things on theplanet such as the people, plants, birds, fish, and others animals that we care about.　　To the environmental engineer, the word environment may take on global dimensions~,may refer to a very localized area in which a specific problem must be addressed, or may, in thecase of contained environments, refer to a small volume of liquid, gaseous, or solid materialswithin a treatment plant reactor.　　The global environment consists of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere inwhich the life-sustaining resources of the earth are contained~. The atmosphere, a mixture ofgases extending outward from the surface of the earth, evolved from elements of the earth thatwere gasified during its formation and metamorphosis. The hydrosphere consists of the oceans,the lakes and streams and the shallow groundwater bodies that interflow with the surface water.The lithosphere is the soil mantle that wraps the core of the earth.

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