新編土木工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

前言

　　專業(yè)英語(yǔ)是根據(jù)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱的要求設(shè)置的基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)的后續(xù)課程。目的是通過(guò)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)課程的學(xué)習(xí)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀和翻譯英文專業(yè)書(shū)刊的能力，掌握閱讀翻譯專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)資料的質(zhì)量和速度，熟悉科技論文寫(xiě)作的基本知識(shí)，為擴(kuò)大專業(yè)詞匯量以及今后學(xué)習(xí)工作中獲取專業(yè)信息、掌握學(xué)科發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)、參加國(guó)際間學(xué)術(shù)交流等奠定良好的基礎(chǔ)?！　【幷呓Y(jié)合在建筑工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)實(shí)踐中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和體會(huì)，融合建筑行業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，專門(mén)為高等院校土木工程專業(yè)（建筑工程方向）學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)編寫(xiě)而成本書(shū)。本書(shū)亦可供廣大從事建筑工程專業(yè)、工程管理專業(yè)工作，并具備一定英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)的工程技術(shù)人員及自學(xué)者學(xué)習(xí)使用?！　⌒戮幗滩墓卜炙膫€(gè)部分。第一部分為基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，包括三個(gè)單元：第一單元，主要介紹專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的基本特點(diǎn)；第二單元，專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的翻譯，闡述專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的翻譯方法和技巧；第三單元，科技論文的寫(xiě)作，介紹科技英語(yǔ)的基本體例和寫(xiě)作基本知識(shí)。第二部分為工程方面英文文獻(xiàn)的選編。結(jié)合專業(yè)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)性比較強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)，本部分集中選編了建筑工程方面的英文文獻(xiàn)16篇，涉及基本知識(shí)、力學(xué)、材料學(xué)、建筑組成、結(jié)構(gòu)形式、設(shè)計(jì)原理、結(jié)構(gòu)性能、建筑施工、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)、工程合同等建筑工程專業(yè)各個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。第三部分為閱讀材料，為了給讀者進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)提供方便，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大本書(shū)的知識(shí)覆蓋面，本書(shū)又選編了15篇閱讀材料作為輔助材料。第四部分為詞匯表，除了匯總了選編的英文文獻(xiàn)中的生詞和主要專業(yè)詞匯外，還匯編了最新建筑工程相關(guān)規(guī)范中的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)詞匯表，使學(xué)習(xí)者能準(zhǔn)確掌握專業(yè)詞匯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英文表達(dá)?！　”窘滩挠⑽奈墨I(xiàn)選材針對(duì)性較強(qiáng)，選材廣泛，難度適中，結(jié)合了學(xué)生專業(yè)知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)的特點(diǎn)。同時(shí)，為了便于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者使用，本書(shū)最后附錄還包括了專業(yè)英語(yǔ)常用詞綴、常用數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)的文字表達(dá)、土木工程中常用的度量衡和單位換算等內(nèi)容?！　”緯?shū)由吉林建筑工程學(xué)院土木工程系錢(qián)永梅、龐平主編，王若竹、付秀華副主編，金玉杰、田偉、張文寶參編。全書(shū)由雷國(guó)光教授主審。本書(shū)在編寫(xiě)過(guò)程中得到哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)鄒超英教授和吉林建筑工程學(xué)院鐘春玲老師的幫助，并參考了有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的部分資料，在此一并表示感謝！由于作者水平有限，書(shū)中難免存在疏漏和不足之處，懇請(qǐng)廣大讀者和同行、專家批評(píng)指正。

內(nèi)容概要

本書(shū)是《土木工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)（建筑工程方向）》的修訂版。在第一版的基礎(chǔ)上，編者結(jié)合建筑工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和體會(huì)編寫(xiě)成本書(shū)。本書(shū)由淺入深地介紹了專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、翻譯和寫(xiě)作方法，并選編了部分英文文獻(xiàn)，訓(xùn)練了讀者的閱讀能力和技巧。為了便于讀者檢索和學(xué)習(xí)，本書(shū)還在書(shū)后整理出了詞匯表和專業(yè)英語(yǔ)常用詞綴、常用數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)的文字表達(dá)、土木工程中常用的度量衡和單位換算，增加了實(shí)用性。     本書(shū)為高等院校土木工程專業(yè)（建筑工程方向）學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)而編寫(xiě)，也可作為廣大從事建筑工程專業(yè)、工程管理專業(yè)工作，并具備一定英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)的工程技術(shù)人員及自學(xué)者的參考資料。

書(shū)籍目錄

PartⅠ The Basic Knowledge 　Unit 1 The Basic Characters of English for Special Purpose　　1.1 The Characters of Language語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)　　1.2 The Characters of Grammar語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)　　1.3 The Characters of Words and Expressions詞匯特點(diǎn)　　1.4 The characters of Structure結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)　Unit 2 The Translation of English for Special Purpose　　2.1 Introduction引言　　2.2 Contrast between English and Chinese英漢語(yǔ)言對(duì)比　　2.3 Selecting and Extending the Meaning of a Word詞義選擇及引申　　2.4 Method of Changing the Syntactical Func tions詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換譯法　　2.5 Methods of Adding and Omitting增譯和省譯法　　2.6 Translation of Special Sentence Pattern特殊句型的翻譯　　2.7 Translation of Long Sentence長(zhǎng)句的翻譯　　2.8 Translation of Subordinate Clause從句的翻譯　　2.9 Translation about Quantity有關(guān)數(shù)量的翻譯　Unit 3 Writing of Scientific and Technical Papers　　3.1 Stylistic Rules of Papers論文體例　　3.2 Title and Sign標(biāo)題與署名　　3.3 Abstract摘要　　3.4 Writing and Organizing of the Main Text正文的組織與寫(xiě)作PartⅡ Collection of English Literatures about Engineerings 　Unit 1 Careers in Civil Engineering　Unit 2 Modern Buildings and Structural Materials　Unit 3 Building Types and Design　Unit 4 Introduction to Mechanics of Materials　Unit 5 Loads　Unit 6 Subsoils and Foundations　Unit 7 Philosophy of Structural Design　Unit 8 Safety Concepts　Unit 9 Design Criteria for Tall Building　Unit 10 Durability at Concrete Structures　Unit 11 Prestressed Concrete　Unit 12 Structure Steel　Unit 13 Earthquake Prediction and Effect of Earthquake on Structures　Unit 14 Computer?Aided Drafting and Design　Unit 15 Construction Engineering　Unit 16 Civil Engineering ContractsPartⅢ The Reading Materials　Unit 1 Components of A Building　Unit 2 Building Materials　Unit 3 Special Concrete　Unit 4 The Procedures of Structural Design　Unit 5 Reinforced Concrete Columns in a Frame　Unit 6 Structural Reliability　Unit 7 Bond of Prestressing Tendons　Unit 8 Cable Structure　Unit 9 Yield Line Theory of Slabs　Unit 10 Concrete Operations　Unit 11 Future Trends in Construction　Unit 12 Scheduling and Control of Construction　Unit 13 Contractors′ Management Game　Unit 14 The Construction Process May Be Automated In the Future　Unit 15 FIDIC Tendering ProcedurePartⅣ Words and Phrases 　Unit 1 Words and Phrases of Literatures　Unit 2 Words and Phrases of Engineering Codes　　2.1 荷載　　2.2 地基基礎(chǔ)　　2.3 木結(jié)構(gòu)　　2.4 混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)　　2.5 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)　　2.6 砌體結(jié)構(gòu)　　2.7 高層建筑　　2.8 結(jié)構(gòu)抗震　　2.9 建筑施工　　2.10 地基處理　　2.11 地基基礎(chǔ)及防水施工　　2.12 地面、屋面及裝飾裝修施工AppendixAppendix Ⅰ 專業(yè)英語(yǔ)常用詞綴Appendix Ⅱ 常用數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)的文字表達(dá)Appendix Ⅲ 土木工程中常用的度量衡和單位換算References

章節(jié)摘錄

　　1. Environmental Planning Consideration. In any environment the addition of a tallbuilding will certainly influence the operation of the traffic system, as well as the flow ofpeople in the entire neighborhood. Therefore, a tall building project must be resolved interms of pedestrian, auto and other traffic, and also resolve the overall need for space atthe ground level. While an open plaza may be a viable solution under certain climatic andplanning conditions, it may not be a reasonable solution where weather conditions are ex-treme either for winter or for summer. In such cases alternate to open plazas must be con-sidered as a pan of the total solution, and the structural system must respond to it.　　2. The Overall Proportions of the Tower. The relationship of the building to the sur-rounding environment and other existing buildings and plazas may dictate the proportions ofthe tower itself. It is, of course, obvious that a flat narrow tower will have a higherheight-to-width ratio, which normally would mean more lateral sway. The increase inheight-to-width ratio will generally mean increase in premium for height caused by addition-al material required to reduce lateral sway, as well as to increase resistance to overturning.Therefore, where slender buildings is an important requirement it is essential to find alter-nate structural solutions of higher efficiency even though such a system may increase fabri-cation and construction costs relative to more standard forms of construction.　　3. Permissible Floor Area Ratio. The construction of buildings in the city area is gen-erally controlled by zoning. Zoning; in most cases, unfortunately, is the product of politi-cal and economic consideration. Zoning would normally allow a maximum number of squarefeet that can be built at any given site. In dense urban centers this becomes a critical con-sideration, particularly because in terms of high land cost the more area that can be built ona given piece of land, the more the potential for economic return. Under the free enterprisesystem, therefore, there is every reason to believe that investors would like to build the fillallowable floor area ratio, which will then mean a taller building than otherwise consideredconsistent with the environment. Here again, the challenge to the architects and engineersis to provide viable alternatives using different structural systems from which a more ra-tional and a more satisfying solution can be chosen.　　4. Inner Space Criteria. Only a few years back, column spacing of 20ft. was acceptedas a structural limitation that could not be overcome. Newer structural systems have giventhe architect and developers the choice to create larger column free spaces in the office, aswell as residential buildings. In the office buildings for instance, 35 ft. clear spacing is nownormally considered the minimum and most developers would not mind if they can get a 60ft. clear span between the core and the exterior walls. It is this kind of design considera-tion that has led to the development of a number of structural systems which do not requireany column in the space between the core and the exterior walls. For apartments and hotelbuildings the reverse is normally the case, that is, the maximum distance from the corridorto the outer wall does not normally exceed 30 ft.

編輯推薦

　　《新編土木工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)(建筑工程方向)》亦可供廣大從事建筑工程專業(yè)、工程管理專業(yè)工作，并具備一定英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)的工程技術(shù)人員及自學(xué)者學(xué)習(xí)使用。

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