GIS專業(yè)英語教程

前言

本書是北京市高等教育精品教材立項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)北京市高等教育發(fā)展規(guī)劃的精神以及地理信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)培養(yǎng)教育目標(biāo)，本著GIS專業(yè)多學(xué)科交叉、多技術(shù)融合的學(xué)科特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合地理信息系統(tǒng)相關(guān)專業(yè)多年的教學(xué)和實(shí)踐，編寫了這本教材。本教材可用做地理信息系統(tǒng)相關(guān)專業(yè)本科生“GIS專業(yè)英語”課程的閱讀和寫作材料，也可作為相關(guān)專業(yè)研究生以及廣大教學(xué)科研人員工作、學(xué)習(xí)的參考資料。教材內(nèi)容共分四大部分。第一部分為Fundamentals of Geographic Information Sciences，共分四章，介紹地理信息科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，包括緒論、空間數(shù)據(jù)基本理論、GIS空間分析及GIS的發(fā)展和類型。第二部分為Advances and Hot Points in GIS，共分四章，介紹GIS學(xué)科發(fā)展的前沿問題和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，包括WebGIS關(guān)鍵問題、GridGIS發(fā)展、空間數(shù)據(jù)漸進(jìn)傳輸和3D GIS的發(fā)展與關(guān)鍵問題等。第三部分為Related Techniques of Geoinformatics，共分四章，介紹遙感技術(shù)基本原理、遙感技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、GPS基本原理及3S集成等具體內(nèi)容。最后一部分為Appendix，側(cè)重GIS科技英語的寫作，包含四方面的內(nèi)容，分別為GIS術(shù)語、地理信息領(lǐng)域相關(guān)有影響力的國際學(xué)術(shù)期刊匯總、科技英語寫作規(guī)范和技巧，以及與科技論文投稿相關(guān)的知識(shí)和例文。本教材由中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）信息工程學(xué)院明冬萍主編，主持制定了本教材的編寫大綱、對(duì)全書進(jìn)行統(tǒng)稿、編寫、審校和定稿。邢廷炎副主編參與了對(duì)全書的審校。邢廷炎、王曉延參加了第一部分四個(gè)章節(jié)部分內(nèi)容的資料收集和編寫。張偉、王雨雙參加了第二部分四個(gè)章節(jié)部分內(nèi)容的資料收集和編寫。王曉延、方坤參加了第三部分四個(gè)章節(jié)部分內(nèi)容的資料收集和編寫。第四部分由明冬萍收集和編寫。在本書的編寫過程中，得到了學(xué)校教務(wù)處、信息工程學(xué)院、教研室以及教學(xué)組各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和同志的大力支持，王群教授和劉湘南教授對(duì)本書的編寫提供了很多建設(shè)性意見，在此表示感謝！感謝Natural Resource Canada以及書中其他下標(biāo)引用和參考文獻(xiàn)引用出處及原作者提供的資料和幫助！另外感謝碩士生張真鮮、本科生李龍翔、宋卓沁在資料收集過程中的幫助！他們的指導(dǎo)和幫助是本書得以完成的最大支持，再次表示深深的謝意！

內(nèi)容概要

《GIS專業(yè)英語教程》屬于北京市高等教育精品教材立項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目。全書內(nèi)容共分為四大部分：第一部分介紹地理信息科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)；第二部分介紹GIS學(xué)科發(fā)展的前沿問題和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)等；第三部分介紹遙感技術(shù)的基本原理和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、GPS基本原理及3S集成等具體內(nèi)容；第四部分側(cè)重介紹GIS科技英語的寫作，包括GIS術(shù)語、地理信息領(lǐng)域有影響力的國際學(xué)術(shù)期刊匯總、科技英語寫作規(guī)范和技巧，以及與科技論文投稿相關(guān)的知識(shí)和例文。    《GIS專業(yè)英語教程》可用做地理信息系統(tǒng)相關(guān)專業(yè)本科生“GIS專業(yè)英語”課程的閱讀和寫作材料，也可作為相關(guān)專業(yè)研究生以及廣大教學(xué)科研人員工作、學(xué)習(xí)的參考資料。

書籍目錄

Part I Fundamentals of Geographic Information Sciences  Chapter 1 Introduction to GIS     1.1 Geomatics and GIS     1.2 Background and History of GIS     1.3 Components of GIS     1.4 Principal Functions of GIS     1.5 Application Scope of GIS   Chapter 2 Spatial Data and Related Issues     2.1 Concept of Spatial Data     2.2 Data Capture     2.3 Geo relational Data Model     2.4 The Spatial Data and the Attribute Data     2.5 Coordinate Systems, Projection and Registration     2.6 Vector and Raster Data Structure     2.7 Thematic Mapping     2.8 Resolution and Scale of Spatial Data   Chapter 3 Spatial Analysis and Functions of GIS     3.1 Proximity Analysis (Buffering)     3.2 Overlay Analysis     3.3 Spatial Statistics     3.4 Network Analysis     3.5 Modeling     3.6 Some Real Life Examples   Chapter 4 Types of GIS     4.1 Four dimensional GIS     4.2 Multimedia/Hypermedia GIS     4.3 WebGIS    4.4 Virtual Reality GIS     4.5 Real time GIS Part II Advances and Hot Points in   Chapter 5 WebGIS and the Key Issues   Chapter 6 GridGIS: Direction of GIS   Chapter 7 Progressive Transmission of Spatial Data   Chapter 8 3D GIS and Its Developments Part III Related Techniques of Geoinformatics  Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing   Chapter 10 Development Trends in Remote Sensing   Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Global Positioning System   Chapter 12 Integration of GIS, RS and GPS Part IV AppendixAppendix AGIS Dictionary Appendix BEnglish Journals on Geoinformatics Appendix CWriting of Scientific Paper

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：2. 6. 3 Comparisons Between Vector and Raster Data StructureA data storage structure may or may not incorporate topological information, describing not only an objeet's position, but also its spatial relationships with respect to neighboring objects. Topological information is important for many kinds of analyses, including automated error detection, windowing for analysis and graphic presentation, network applications, determining whether a point falls in a specific polygon, proximity operations, polygon overlay, and other intersection procedures (Peucker and Chrisman, 1975). However, if your application does not require this kind of detailed information about the relationships between spatial objects, the additional overhead of explicitly treating topology may significantly complicate the tasks of database creation and update. For example, unstructured vector lists may be perfectly adequate for some kinds of routine data display.Some kinds of topological information are implicit in spatial data. In a simple raster-structured data file, for example, there is a specified spatial organization for the data, with no gaps in the fabric of the database. The regularity in the array provides an implicit addressing system. This permits rapid random access to specified locations in the data-base. Thus, we know immediately those cells that are adjacent to any target location, and we can easily find and examine those regions that bound a specified group of cells. Topological information in vector structures is often coded explicitly in the database. Line segments within DIME files, for example, have identifiers and codes for the polygon on either side. When needed topological relationships are not explicitly coded in vector data structures, it can be relatively expensive and time-consuming to get the system to come up with them. For example, in some operational systems, data entry from maps starts with a digitizing process that does not require that the operator explicitly relate various line segments and polygons that use these segments as parts of their boundaries. Instead, after the operator creates what is sometimes called cartographic spaghetti, a batch process link points, lines, and polygons together into a topologically structured database. This is another illustration of the trade-off between the efforts expended when developing a database and additional storage costs versus costs and speed during analysis and retrieval.

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《GIS專業(yè)英語教程》：高等學(xué)校專業(yè)英語教材，北京市高等教育精品教材立項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目。

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