UNIX初級教程

前言

21世紀初的5至10年是我國國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的重要時期，也是信息產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時期。在我國加入WTO后的今天，培養(yǎng)一支適應(yīng)國際化競爭的一流IT人才隊伍是我國高等教育的重要任務(wù)之一。信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)方面人才的優(yōu)劣與多寡，是我國面對國際競爭時成敗的關(guān)鍵因素。當前，正值我國高等教育特別是信息科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的教育調(diào)整、變革的重大時期，為使我國教育體制與國際化接軌，有條件的高等院校正在為某些信息學(xué)科和技術(shù)課程使用國外優(yōu)秀教材和優(yōu)秀原版教材，以使我國在計算機教學(xué)上盡快趕上國際先進水平。電子工業(yè)出版社秉承多年來引進國外優(yōu)秀圖書的經(jīng)驗，翻譯出版了“國外計算機科學(xué)教材系列”叢書，這套教材覆蓋學(xué)科范圍廣、領(lǐng)域?qū)?、層次多，既有本科專業(yè)課程教材，也有研究生課程教材，以適應(yīng)不同院系、不同專業(yè)、不同層次的師生對教材的需求，廣大師生可自由選擇和自由組合使用。這些教材涉及的學(xué)科方向包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)與通信、操作系統(tǒng)、計算機組織與結(jié)構(gòu)、算法與數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、數(shù)據(jù)庫與信息處理、編程語言、圖形圖像與多媒體、軟件工程等。同時，我們也適當引進了一些優(yōu)秀英文原版教材，本著翻譯版本和英文原版并重的原則，對重點圖書既提供英文原版又提供相應(yīng)的翻譯版本。

內(nèi)容概要

　　 UNIX是一類功能強大的主流操作系統(tǒng)。本書從初學(xué)者的角度介紹了UNIX的系統(tǒng)概念及其命令的使用，闡述的內(nèi)容都是針對初學(xué)者完成日常工作所必需的各個方面，涉及UNIX系統(tǒng)的常用命令、UNIX文件系統(tǒng)、vi編輯器和Emacs編輯器、UNIX通信工具、shell命令和程序開發(fā)，以及一些更為深入的UNIX命令。書中還介紹了Linux操作系統(tǒng)以及Bourne Again Shell命令等。本書幫助讀者由淺入深、循序漸進地學(xué)習(xí)UNIX，形成清晰的概念，并且避免了直接羅列復(fù)雜的命令格式。 　　本書可作為UNIX課程的教學(xué)用書或參考書，也可供使用UNIX的科技工作進閱讀和參考

作者簡介

作者：（美國）埃弗扎（Amir Afzal）

書籍目錄

1　First Things First　1.1　INTRODUCTION　1.2　COMPUTERS: AN OVERVIEW　1.3　COMPUTER HARDWARE　　1.3.1　Input Devices　　1.3.2  Processor Unit　　1.3.3  Internal Memory　　1.3.4  External Storage　　1.3.5  Output Devices　1.4  PROCESS OPERATION　　1.4.1  Performance Measurement　1.5 WHAT IS SOFTWARE?.　　1.5.1  System Software　　1.5.2  Application Software　REVIEW EXERCISES2   The UNIX Operating System　2.1  UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM: A BRIEF HISTORY　　2.1.1  UNIX System V　　2.1.2  Berkeley UNIX　　2.1.3  UNIX Standards　 2.2  OTHER UNIX SYSTEMS　　2.2.1  Linux　　2.2.2  Solaris　　2.2.3  Unix Ware　　2.2.4  Which UNIX to Learn?　　2.2.5  X Window System　2.3  OVERVIEW OF THE UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM　2.4  UNiX FEATURES　　2.4.1　Portability　　2.4.2　Multiuser Capability　　2.4.3　Multitasking Capability　　2.4.4　Hierarchical File System　　2.4.5　Device-Independent Input and Output Operations　　2.4.6　User Interface: Shell　　2.4.7　Utilities　　2.4.8  System Services　 REVIEW EXERCISES3   Getting Started　3.1　ESTABLISHING CONTACT WiTH UNIX　　3.1.1  Logging In　　3.1.2  Changing Your Password: The passwd Command　　3.1.3  General Rules for Choosing Passwords　　3.1.4  Logging Off　3.2  USING SOME SIMPLE COMMANDS　　3.2.1  The Command Line　　3.2.2  Basic Command Line Structure　　3.2,3  Date and Time Display: The date Command　　3.2.4  Information on Users: The who Command　　3.2.5  Displaying a Calendar: The Pal Command　3.3  GETTING HELP　　3,3.1  Using the learn Command　　3.3.2  Using the help Command　　3.3.3  Getting More Information: The UNIX Manual　　3.3.4  Using the Electronic Manual: The man Command　3.4   CORRECTING TYPING MISTAKES　3.5   USING SHELLS AND UTILITIES　　3.5.1　Kinds of Shells　　3.5.2　Changing Your Shell　　3.5.3 　The Shells in This Book　3.6　MORE ABOUT THE LOGGING-IN PROCESS　COMMAND SUMMARY　REVIEW EXERCISES　　Terminal Session4　The vi Editor: First Look　4.1　WHAT IS AN EDITOR?　　4.1.1　UNIX-Supported Editors　　……5  Introduction to the UMIX File System6  The vi Editor:Last Look7  The Emacs Editor8  The UMIX File System Continued 9  Exploring the Shell10  UMIX Communication11  Program Development13  Shell Programming13  Shell Scripts:Writing Applications14  FAREWELL TO UMIXAppendixIndex

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：The shell is the parent' process, and when created, the Is program becomes the child process. The parent process (shell) cals fork. The fork routine duplicates the parent (shell) process, and if the creation of the child process is successful, assigns the child process a P!D and adds it to the system process table. Next, the parent receives the child PID, the child receives code zero, and control is returned to the parent. The shell calls the wait routine and goes to the wait state (goes to sleep). Meanwhile, the child gets control and calls exec to overlay the child process area with the new program——in this case Is, the command you typed. Now Is carries out the command. It lists your current directory filenames, and when it is finished processing, it calls exit. Thus the child dies.The death of the child generates an event signal. The parent process (shell) is waiting for this event. It is awakened and gets control. The shell program continues, starting execution from the same address it was at before going to sleep (recall that this address was stored in the process table system data area as return address), and the prompt is displayed.What happens if the child is a background process? In that case, the parent (shell) does not call the wait routine; it continues in the foreground, and you see the prompt right away.What creates the first parent and child processes? When UNIX is booted, the init process is activated. Next, init creates one system process for each terminal. Thus, init is the original ancestor to all the processes in the system. For example, if your system supports 64 concurrent terminals, then init creates 64processes. When you log in to one of these processes, the login process executes the shell Later, when you log out (when the shell dies), init creates a new login process.

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《UNIX初級教程(第5版)(英文版)》：國外計算機科學(xué)教材系列。

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