中國政府白皮書

前言

　　It has been a long-cherished ideal of mankind to enjoy human rights in the full sense of the term. Since this great term - human rights - was coined centuries ago， people of all nations have achieved great results in their unremit-ting struggle for human rights. However， on a global scale， modern society has fallen far short of the lofty goal of securing the full range of human rights for people the world over. And this is why numerous people with lofty ideals are still working determinedly for this cause.　　Under long years of oppression by the "three big mountains" impe-rialism， feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism - people in old China did not have any human rights to speak of. Suffering bitterly from this， the Chinese people fought for more than a century， defying death and personal sacrifices and advancing wave upon wave， in an arduous struggle to overthrow the "three big mountains" and gain their human rights. The situation in respect to human rights in China took a basic turn for the better after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Greatly treasuring this hard-won achievement， the Chinese government and people have spared no effort to safeguard human rights and steadily improve their human rights situation， and have achieved remarkable results. This has won full confirmation and fair appraisal from all people who have a real understanding of Chinese conditions and who are not prejudiced.　　……

內(nèi)容概要

　　As a developing country， China has suffered from setbacks while safe-guarding and developing human rights. Although much has been achieved in this regard， there is still much room for improvement. It remains a long-term historical task for the Chinese people and government to continud to promote human rights and strive for the noble goal of full implementation of human rights as required by China's socialism.

書籍目錄

Human Rights in China （November 1991）Criminal Reform in China （August 1992）Tibet-Its Ownership and Human Rights Situation （September 1992）The Taiwan Question and Reunification of China （August 1993）The Situation of Chinese Women （June 1994）Intellectual Property Protection in China （June 1994）Family Planning in China （August 1995）China: Arms Control and Disarmament （November 1995）The Progress of Human Rights in China （December 1995）The Situation of Children in China （April 1996）Environmental Protection in China （June 1996）The Grain Issue in China （October 1996）Progress in China's Human Rights Cause in 1996 （March 1997）On Sino-US Trade Balance （March 1997）Freedom of Religious Belief in China （October 1997）New Progress in Human Rights in the Tibet Autonomous Region （February 1998）The Development of China's Marine Programs （May 1998）China's National Defense （July 1998）Progress in China's Human Rights Conditions in 1998 （April 1999）National Minorities Policy and Its Practice in China （September 1999）

章節(jié)摘錄

　　The Issue of Nuclear Weapons　　As a nuclear-weapon state， China vigorously supports and participates in the international non-nuclear proliferation efforts， promotes the process of nuclear disarmament and works hard for the realization of the final goal of the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons worldwide.　　China has consistently advocated the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. At the 51st Session of the UN General Assem-bly in 1996 China clearly put forward a five-point proposal on nuclear disar-mament： 1. The major nuclear powers should abandon the nuclear deterrence policy， and the states having the largest nuclear arsenals should continue to drastically reduce their nuclear weapons stockpiles; 2. all nuclear-weapon states should commit themselves not to be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and in any circumstances， undertake unconditionally not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear weapon_free zones， and conclude a legally binding international document as soon as pos-sible; 3. all states which have deployed nuclear weapons outside their borders should withdraw all these weapons home， and all nuclear-weapon states should pledge to support the proposal on establishing nuclear-weapon_free zones， re-spect the status of such zones and undertake corresponding obligations; 4. no state should develop or deploy outer space weapons or missile defense systems， which harm strategic security and stability; 5. all states should negotiate and conclude an international convention on the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons.　　From the first day it possessed nuclear weapons， China has solemnly de-clared its determination not to be the first to use such weapons at any time and in any circumstances， and later undertook unconditionally not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones. China vigorously supports the efforts of the relevant countries to establish nuclear-free zones on a voluntary basis， and has signed and approved the relevant protocols of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean （Treaty of Tlatelolco）， the South Pacific Nu-clear-Free Zone Treaty （Treaty of Rarotonga） and the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty （Treaty of Pelindaba）. In April 1995 China issued an official statement， reiterating its comnutment to unconditionally provide non-nuclear-　　weapon states and nuclear-weapon-free zones with negative security assurance， and for the first time promised to provide them with positive security assurance.　　In March 1992 China acceded to the NPT and has faithfully fulfilled its international obligations to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and made contributions to the indefinite extension of the treaty. China was repre-sented at the negotiations on the CTBT from beginning to end， and signed it on September 24， 1996， the first day the treaty was opened for signature. China supports the early conclusion of the Convention on Banning the Production of Fissile Materials for Nuclear Weapons -or Other Nuclear Explosive De-vices （FMCT）. For this purpose， the foreign ministers of China and the United States issued a joint statement in October 1994， saying that the two countries would make joint efforts to promote an early conclusion of a multilateral， non-discriminatory and effectively verifiable FMCT. In April 1997， China and four other nuclear-weapon states the United States， Russia， Britain and France-issued a statement， reiterating their stand for concluding， through negotia-tion， a FMCT as soon as possible on the basis of the mandate contained in the Shannon Report. China supports the IAEA's Program for Strengthening the Ef-fectiveness and Promoting the Efficiency of the Safeguard System （93 + 2 Pro-gram）， and promises that， on the basis of voluntary safeguard， China will negotiate and conclude with the IAEA a legally binding document at a proper time， and will adopt measures corresponding to the obligations China undertakes in ac-cordance with the first article of the NPT.　　……

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