英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作技巧新編

前言

　　在全國(guó)性的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)會(huì)議上，專(zhuān)家們一致反映，中國(guó)學(xué)生的英文寫(xiě)作存在著很多問(wèn)題。對(duì)于學(xué)生們自己來(lái)說(shuō)，寫(xiě)作也是最令人頭痛的難題。究其原因，造成寫(xiě)作困難的主要因素可歸結(jié)為四個(gè)方面：語(yǔ)言障礙、母語(yǔ)思維方式的影響、思想和表達(dá)思想能力的缺乏以及寫(xiě)作知識(shí)和寫(xiě)作技巧的生疏?！　∈紫?，缺乏系統(tǒng)和規(guī)范的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)是造成語(yǔ)言障礙的主要因素。比如：中國(guó)學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)單詞時(shí)，大都只注意單詞的表意，對(duì)詞的潛在之意，特別是詞的重量、詞的精神以及詞在不同語(yǔ)境中產(chǎn)生的不同語(yǔ)意等知識(shí)了解甚少。此外，中國(guó)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及英語(yǔ)修辭等方面的訓(xùn)練更是欠缺。再加上中國(guó)學(xué)生一般容易忽視應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)和社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)的系統(tǒng)研究以及寫(xiě)作意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)，就更加劇了寫(xiě)作的難度?！　〕Z(yǔ)言功底外，母語(yǔ)思維方式的干擾也是造成寫(xiě)作困難的重要因素。語(yǔ)言是社會(huì)和文化的產(chǎn)物，是生活在特定的社會(huì)和文化之中的人所持有的特有思維方式的表現(xiàn)形式。因此，社會(huì)和文化的差異決定了語(yǔ)言形式和思想表達(dá)方式的不同。按照語(yǔ)言學(xué)家用普系分類(lèi)法對(duì)語(yǔ)言的分類(lèi)，英語(yǔ)屬印歐語(yǔ)系日耳曼語(yǔ)族的西日耳曼語(yǔ)支，而漢語(yǔ)則屬漢藏語(yǔ)系，是兩種完全不同的語(yǔ)言。僅以“客氣”這一概念為例，中國(guó)人習(xí)慣用“貶低自己所做的實(shí)際工作”的方式來(lái)表達(dá)，從而產(chǎn)生了諸如“我沒(méi)有什么好說(shuō)的”，’“我沒(méi)做什么準(zhǔn)備”以及“哪里，哪里”之類(lèi)的說(shuō)法。

內(nèi)容概要

　　致力于解決中國(guó)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中面臨的四個(gè)主要問(wèn)題,即語(yǔ)言障礙,母語(yǔ)思維方式的影響,思想表達(dá)能力的缺乏及寫(xiě)作技巧的生疏：在介紹寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的同時(shí),《英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作技巧新編》從寫(xiě)作的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)入手,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生把握正確的寫(xiě)作思路,掌握豐富的寫(xiě)作技巧.書(shū)中范例均選自歐美最新報(bào)刊和當(dāng)代文學(xué)作品.每一個(gè)講解點(diǎn)都配有針對(duì)性強(qiáng)的練習(xí).第八章總練習(xí)對(duì)開(kāi)啟寫(xiě)作思路,磨煉寫(xiě)作技巧更加具有指導(dǎo)意義.

作者簡(jiǎn)介

　　汪福祥，1977年畢業(yè)于北京第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院并留校任教。1981年獲澳大利亞政府獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，赴澳大利亞堪培拉高等教育學(xué)院留學(xué)并獲碩士學(xué)位。1987年應(yīng)國(guó)家教委邀請(qǐng)赴朝鮮平壤外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)，為第13屆世界青年節(jié)培訓(xùn)同聲譯員。在二外先后擔(dān)任口譯、英漢翻譯、英文寫(xiě)作、談判技巧等科目的教學(xué)工作1992年被評(píng)為北京市高等學(xué)校優(yōu)秀青年骨干教師。除翻譯教學(xué)工作外，現(xiàn)主要從事行為心理學(xué)、翻譯理論和英文寫(xiě)作的研究工作。主要著作：《高級(jí)英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)功能教程》《廣告英語(yǔ)選讀》《現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)妙語(yǔ)珠連》《英語(yǔ)書(shū)信寫(xiě)作與應(yīng)用》《奧妙的人體語(yǔ)言》《神奇的無(wú)聲語(yǔ)言》

書(shū)籍目錄

CONTENTSChapter 1A Framework for Writing in English1. The Linguistic Competence of the Writer2. Adjusting the Ways of Thinking3. Cultural Awareness and the Writing Senses4. Developing the Writing Skills5 How This Book Can BeBest UsedChapter 2The Use of Words1. Parts of Speech and Their Functions1.1 Nouns1.2 Verbs1.3 Adjectives1.4 Prepositions2. The Concrete and Accurate Use of Words2.1 Concrete Words2.2 Accurate Words3. The Effective and Artistic Use of Words3.1 Imitative Words3.2 Sight Words3.3 Touch Words3.4 Sound Words3.5 Taste and Smell Words3.6 Intensifiers3.7 Adjectives for Describing a Person4. Usual Words for Unusual Effect4.1 The Exaggerated Use of Words4.2 Vivid Words for Vivid PicturesChapter 3Sentence Writing Skills1. Verb Agreement within a Sentence2. Sentence Patterns for Statements3. Sentences with Adverbials4 Attributes and Attributive Clauses4.1 The Functioning Positions of Attributes4.2 Elements Serving as Attributes4.3 Defining Attributive Clauses4.4 Non-defining Attributive Clauses5 Subjects and Subjective Clauses5.1 Elements Functioning as Subjects5.2 Subjective Clauses5.3 The "It" Structure6. Predicative Clauses7. Object Clauses8 Complex and Longer Sentences8.1 Complex Sentences with Noun Clauses8.2 Complex Sentences with Adjective Clauses8.3 Complex Sentences with Adverbial Clauses9. Inverted Sentences10. Parallel Structureb11. Sentence Euphony12 Sentence VarietyChapter 4Paragraph Planning and Development1 Paragraph Variety1.1 Sample Opening Paragraphs1.2 Sample Body Paragraphs1.3 Sample Concluding Paragraphs1.4 Sample Comprehensive Paragraphs1.5 Sample Paragraphs of Various Styles2 Paragraph Quality2.1 Fullness2.2 Unity2.3 Coherence2.4 Emphasis2.5 Brevity2.6 Euphony3 Paragraph Development Techniques3.1 The Writing of Opening Paragraphs3.2 The Writing of Concluding Paragraphs3.3 The Writing of Body Paragraphs3.4 The Writing of Comprehensive Paragraphs4. Sample Paragraphs from Famous Authors5 Topic Sentences for Writing Practice5.1 Topic Sentences That Head a Paragraph5.2 Topic Sentences That Conclude a ParagraphChapter 5The Development of College Composition, Essay and OtherWritings1. College Composition Writing Skills1.1 Sample Analysis1.2 Steps in Composition Writing1.3 Reading and Thinking1.4 Composition Writing Practice2. Essay Writing Skills2.1 Sample Analysis2.2 Basics in Essay Writing3. Precis and Summary Writing Skills3.1 Sample Analysis3.2 Important Points in Summary Wrlting3.3 Procedures in Writing a Summary4. Report Writing Skills4.1 A Sample Report4.2 Basics in Report Writing4.3 Rules of Grammar in Report Writing5 Writing Skills in Focus5.1 The Head-to-feet Format5.2 The Feet-to-head FormatChapter 6Punctuation and Other Basics1 Punctuation1.1 The Period1.2 The Ellipsis1.3 The Question Mark1.4 The Exclamation Mark1.5 The Comma1.6 The Semicolon1.7 The Colon1.8 The Apostrophe1.9 The Quotation Mark1.10 The Parenthesis1.11 The Bracket1.12 The Dash1.13 The Hyphen2. Abbreviations3. Capitalization4. Italics5. Footnotes6. BibliographiesChapter 7English Rhetorical Devices1. Simile2. Metaphor3. Metonymy4. Hyperbole5. Onomatopoeia6. Euphemism7. Pun8 A Glimpse of English Rhetorical DevicesChapter 8Guided Writing Practice1 Practice in Developing an Argumentative Composition2. Practice in Developing a Composition of Analysis3. Practice in Developing a Composition of Synthesis4. Practice in Developing a Composition of Definition5. Practice in Developing a Composition of Description6. Practice in Developing a Composition of Narration7. Practice in Developing a Composition of Classification8. Practice in Developing a Comparative Composition9. Other Topics for Writing PracticeBibliography

章節(jié)摘錄

　　The effective and artistic use of words largel.y depend on the writers talents in language and his ability to use the rhetorical devices. In this section, lets first examine three pieces of writing and then get a feel of what effective and artistic writ- ings read and sound like. Paragraph 1　　Almost immediately I felt a surge of restlessness run through the col- umn: a palace guard of soldier ants appeared, their antennae raised, their mandibles bared. Behind them, at last, came the Queen. She ad- vanced slowly, dragging her huge belly, and swinging her head from side to side. I bent low to photograph her-so low that the enraged sol- dier ants were able to leap onto my camera. As I took four or five expo- sures they swarmed over my. face. I dropped my camera, and slapped madly at them. They died, but their task was done. I looked at the col- umn again, the Queen had disappeared into the black tropical night. （From The Observer Magazine）.

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