英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況

前言

　　本書(shū)介紹了美國(guó)、英國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭、加拿大、澳大利亞、新西蘭、印度、南非等主要英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的地理概貌、歷史變遷、政治制度、經(jīng)濟(jì)概況、教育體系、宗教信仰、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、國(guó)防建設(shè)、對(duì)外關(guān)系等方面的基本知識(shí)，旨在擴(kuò)大學(xué)習(xí)者知識(shí)面，拓展國(guó)際視野，加深對(duì)主要英語(yǔ)國(guó)家思維方式、價(jià)值觀(guān)念、生活方式、軍政文化的理解和把握，增強(qiáng)跨文化意識(shí)，鞏固英語(yǔ)能力，提高人文素養(yǎng)。本書(shū)具有以下特點(diǎn)：　　第一，內(nèi)容全面豐富?！叭妗斌w現(xiàn)在兩方面，其一，它擺脫以往類(lèi)似教材以英、美兩國(guó)概況為核心的傳統(tǒng)做法，將五大洲八個(gè)主要英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況囊括其中，通過(guò)對(duì)它們的介紹可進(jìn)一步了解它們所在地區(qū)的基本概貌；其二，教材除介紹英語(yǔ)國(guó)家地理、歷史、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育、宗教等內(nèi)容外，還介紹了這些國(guó)家的軍事和外交，幾近涵蓋了一個(gè)國(guó)家的各個(gè)方面。　　第二，內(nèi)容新穎、趣味性強(qiáng)、語(yǔ)言通俗易懂?！靶路f”在于引用了權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)布的大量最新數(shù)據(jù)和信息。同時(shí)，本書(shū)還介紹了各國(guó)在相關(guān)領(lǐng)域最近發(fā)生的事件，特別是軍事和外交領(lǐng)域的事件，既新穎，又增強(qiáng)了趣味性。　　第三，教材各單元正文之后均附有討論題、術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋和思考題。討論題旨在加深對(duì)正文的理解，進(jìn)一步厘清單元內(nèi)容脈絡(luò)；術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋涉及主要事件、歷史人物、重要組織或機(jī)構(gòu)、特色城市和地理概念等，旨在加深對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的理解；思考題要求學(xué)習(xí)者基于已知信息，對(duì)相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行一定的研判，旨在提高分析和評(píng)價(jià)能力。同時(shí)，通過(guò)這些練習(xí)，對(duì)進(jìn)一步鞏固英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力又能夠起到積極作用。

內(nèi)容概要

本書(shū)介紹了美國(guó)、英國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭、加拿大、澳大利亞、新西蘭、印度、南非等主要英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的地理概貌、歷史變遷、政治制度、經(jīng)濟(jì)概況、教育體系、宗教信仰、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、國(guó)防建設(shè)、對(duì)外關(guān)系等方面的基本知識(shí)。    本書(shū)既可供英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科生使用，也可作為非英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科生高年級(jí)英語(yǔ)的拓展教材，還可用作非英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)研究生的英語(yǔ)課程教材。

書(shū)籍目錄

Chapter One The United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland　Unit 1　Land and People　Unit 2　The Origins of the Nation　Unit 3　The Shaping of the Nation　Unit 4　Transition to Modern Age　Unit 5　The Rise and Fall of the British Empire　Unit 6　Economy　Unit 7　Government and Administration.,　Unit 8　Justice and the Law　Unit 9　Cultural Affairs　Unit 10　Social Life　Unit 11　Military Affairs and Foreign RelationsChapter　Two The Republic of Ireland　Unit 12　Geography and History　Unit 13　Politics, Economy, Demographics and Culture　Unit 14　Military Affairs and Foreign RelationsChapter　Three The 　United States of America　Unit 15　Geography　Unit 16　Population, Race and Ethnic Groups　Unit 17　The Making of the Nation （1600-1900）　Unit 18　The Making of the Nation （1900-1945）　Unit 19　The Making of the Nation （Post-WW[[ Era）　Unit 20　Economy　Unit 21　Political Institutions　Unit 22　Education and Cultural Affairs　Unit 23　Military Affairs and Foreign RelationsChapter　Four Canada　Unit 24　Geography, History and Economy　Unit 25　Government and Politics　Unit 26　Society and Culture　Unit 27　Military Affairs and Foreign RelationsChapter　Five Australia　Unit 28　Administrative Divisions andFederal　Government　Unit 29　The Making of the Nation　Unit 30　Economy　Unit 31　Education and Culture　Unit 32　Military Affairs and Foreign RelationsChapter　Six New Zealand　Unit 33　Land and People　Unit 34　Military Affairs and Foreign RelationsChapter　Seven Republic of India　Unit 35　Land and People　Unit 36　The Making of the Nation　Unit 37　Military Affairs and Foreign RelationsChapter　Eight The Republic of South Africa　Unit 38　Land and People　Unit 39　Military Affairs and Foreign Relations

章節(jié)摘錄

　　At the start of Hitlers arrogant expansion in Europe， the Britishgovernment followed a foreign policy of nonintervention or appease-ment.　Together with France，　it　signed the notorious MunichAgreement with Hitler. But Hitler soon went back on his word andattacked Poland which Britain and France were bound by treaty to de-fend. Britain was thus forced to declare war on Germany and the Sec-ond World War broke out in September， 1939. Because of its ap-peasement policy， Britain was ill prepared for war. Its army sufferedrepeated defeats on the European Continent. To deal with the serioussituation， the British reshuffled their Cabinet and Churchill was soonafter appointed Prime Minister of the War Cabinet. The whole nationwas mobilized and industries were centered on war production. Exter-nally， Britain entered into alliance with America， France， Russia andother anti-fascist countries to form a united international front. Aftersix years of fierce fighting with much bloodshed and heavy loss ofwealth， the Second World War came to an end in 1945.　　The Second World War ushered in the last stage of the disinte-gration of the British Empire. During World War 1I ， Britain sufferedheavy losses with her financial position greatly weakened.　On theother hand， most of her colonies had joined in the war and contribu-ted a great deal to the final victory. They had been awakened andtempered by war and a large scale independence movement was on af-ter the war. India， "the brightest jewel in the British Crown" tookthe lead and won independence in 1947. Pakistan followed suit andthen Burma， Egypt and all the other colonies in a quick succession.By the year 1970 Britain had lost all her former colonies except HongKong.

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