物理化學實驗指導

內容概要

《物理化學實驗指導》由崔黎麗主編，為全國高等學校藥學專業(yè)第七輪規(guī)劃教材物理化學的配套教材。本書分為三個部分：（1）緒論，主要介紹物理化學實驗課程的目的和要求、實驗報告書寫規(guī)則、實驗室安全知識、誤差理論和有效數(shù)字、實驗數(shù)據(jù)的表示與處理，以及物理化學實驗的設計思想；（2）實驗部分，在汲取參編院校長期實驗教學經驗的基礎上，選編了熱力學、相平衡、電化學、動力學、表面和膠體化學等物理化學分支中有代表性且較成熟的實驗。此外，還編寫了部分綜合、設計性實驗，在強化基礎知識、基本技能訓練的基礎上，培養(yǎng)學生動手能力、創(chuàng)新思維能力和科學素養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)學生分析問題和解決問題的能力;（3）附錄部分，收錄一些常用數(shù)據(jù)表以便查閱，以及本書編寫過程中的參考文獻。

書籍目錄

第一部分  緒論(Part One  Introduction)  
    一、物理化學實驗的目的和要求
    二、物理化學實驗的安全知識
    三、物理化學實驗的設計思想
    四、誤差理論和有效數(shù)字
    五、實驗數(shù)據(jù)的表示法和處理
    1．Objective and requirement
    2．Physical chemistry laboratory safety
    3．Rules for designing of the physical chemistry experiment
    4．Error theory and significant figures
    5．Data reporting
第二部分  實驗(Part Two Experjments)
  實驗一 燃燒熱的測定
  Experiment 1 Heats Of Combustion
  實驗二 溶解熱的測定
  Expenment 2 Heats of Solution
  實驗三 凝固點降低法測定摩爾質量和滲透壓
  Experiment 3 Molar Mass and Osmotic：Pressure by Freezing Point
Depression
  實驗四 液體飽和蒸氣壓的測定
  Expenment 4 Saturated Vapor Pressure of Pure LJquids
  實驗五 反應平衡常數(shù)及分配系數(shù)的測定
  Expenment 5 Equilibrium Constant 0f Reaction and PaItitiml
Coefficient
  實驗六 完全互溶雙液系平衡相圖的繪制
  Expenment 6 Phase Diagram of a Miscible Binary Liquid Svstem  
  實驗七 雙組分簡單低共熔體系相圖的繪制
  Expenment 7 Solid-liquid Binary Phase Diagram
  實驗八 三組分液-液系統(tǒng)相圖的繪制
  Experiment 8 A Ternary Phase Diagram for a System of Three
Liquids
  實驗九 電解質水溶液電導的測定及應用
  Experiment 9 Measurement and Application of Electrolyte Solution
    Conductance    
  實驗十 電動勢法測溶液pH和反應熱力學函數(shù)
  Experiment 10 Determinations of pH of Solution and Thermodynamic
Functions
    by Electromotive Force Measurements
  實驗十一 一級反應速率常數(shù)的測定
  Experiment 11 Rate Constant for First Order Reaction
  實驗十二 碘化鉀與過氧化氫反應的速率常數(shù)及活化能的測定
  Experiment 12 Kinetics of Reaction between Potassium Iodide and
Hydrogen
    Peroxide
  實驗十三 丙酮溴化反應速率常數(shù)的測定
  Experiment 13 Rate Constant and Activation Energy of the
Bromination of
    Acetone
  實驗十四 乙酸乙酯皂化反應速率常數(shù)及活化能的測定
  Experiment 14 Rate Constant for the Saponification of Ethyl
Acetate by
    Conductometric Method
  實驗十五 最大泡壓法測定溶液的表面張力
  Experiment 15 Surface Tension of Solutions by Bubble Pressure
Method
  實驗十六 固體在溶液中的吸附
  Experiment 16 Adsorption of Solids in Solution
  實驗十七 乳狀液的制備和性質
  Experiment 17 Preparation and Properties of Emulsion
  實驗十八 溶膠的制備及性質
  Experiment 18 Preparation and Properties of Sols
  實驗十九 黏度法測定大分子的平均相對分子質量
  Experiment 19 Average Relative Molar Mass of the Macromolecule by
    Viscosity Method
  實驗二十 納米材料的合成與表征(綜合設計性試驗)
  Experiment 20 Preparation and Characterization of Nanomaterials
    (Multi—designing Experiment)
  實驗二十一 藥物穩(wěn)定性及有效期測定(設計性實驗)
  Experiment 21 Determination of Drug Stability and Shelf Life
     (Designing Experiment)
  實驗二十二 固體藥物常規(guī)理化常數(shù)的測定(綜合設計性實驗)
Experiment 22 Physical and Chemical Constants of Drugs
    (Multi—designing Experiment)  
附錄(Appendices)
常用物理化學數(shù)據(jù)表(Reference Data of Experimental Physical Chemistry)
參考文獻(References)

章節(jié)摘錄

版權頁：   插圖：   (4) If the leading digit is equal to or greater than 8,increase the number of significant figure by one. For example,we can take the number of 9. 15 as 4 significant figures in calculation. (5) In addition and subtraction, retain as many decimal figures as are given in the number having the fewest decimals. In multiplication and division, the result should be retained to have the same number of significant figures as in the components with the least number of significant figures. 5. Data reporting Most commonly, the data obtained in physical chemistry are presented in the form of tables, graphs or equations. 5.1. Tables After experiment, organize the data observed into a table according to the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. It is easy to creat a table and make comparison among a list of data. The primitive data are commonly presented in a table. There are some guidelines for creating a good table. ( 1 ) The table should have a title that provides a short description of the table's purpose. (2) The columns and rows should be labeled and the physical name and units must be indicated. ( 3 ) The data reported in table should be in their simplest form. If a same power of ten is used, it should be indicated in the column heading. (4) The decimal point of the numbers in a column should be aligned. (5) In general,the condition of experiment or surroundings should be specified in table,such as room temperature, atmospheric pressure, date and time of the measurement. Presenting the data in the form of table holds the advantages of simple. It is easier for comparison and reference. The raw data from the experiment are usually given in the form of a table. 5.2. Graphs 5.2.1. Use of graphs The use of graphs in presenting experiment data is called graphic methods. Graphing techniques are very useful in experimental physical chemistry mainly to (1)give a pictorial presentation of the variance regularity of the data; (2) reveal maxima, minima, inflection points,or other significant features ; ( 3 ) perform direct differentiation by drawing tangents to a curve,accomplish integration, and so on. Some examples of uses of graphs are as follows. ( 1 ) Interpolation method Use the raw data from the experiment to plot the graph. The curve shows the relationship between dependent variable and independent variable. An intermediate value of one variable (dependent or independent), can be obtained from the curve. For example, in drawing a phase diagram of a binary liquid system of cyclohexane and ethanol, the composition of vapor and liquid at equilibrium are obtained by interpolation method.

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