3G演進(jìn)

前言

　　During the past years， there has been a quickly rising interest in radio access tech- nologies for providing mobile as well as nomadic and fixed services for voice， video， and data. The difference in design， implementation， and use between telecom and data com technologies is also getting more blurred. One example is cellular technologies from the telecom world being used for broadband data and wireless LAN from the data com world being used for voice over IP.　　Today， the most widespread radio access technology for mobile communication is digital cellular， with the number of users passing 3 billion by 2007， which is almost half of the worlds population. It has emerged from early deployments of an expensive voice service for a few car-borne users， to todays widespread use of third generation mobile-communication devices that provide a range of mobile services and often include camera， MP3 player， and PDA functions. With this widespread use and increasing interest in 3G， a continuing evolution ahead is foreseen.　　This book describes the evolution of 3G digital cellular into an advanced broadband mobile access. The focus of this book is on the evolution of the 3G mobile communication as developed in the 3GPP （Third Generation Partnership Project） standardization， looking at the radio access and access network evolution.　　This book is divided into five parts. Part I gives the background to 3G and its evolution， looking also at the different standards bodies and organizations involved in the process of defining 3G. It is followed by a discussion of the rea- sons and driving forces behind the 3G evolution. Part II gives a deeper insight into some of the technologies that are included， or are expected to be included as part of the 3G evolution. Because of its generic nature， Part II can be used as a background not only for the evolution steps taken in 3GPP as described in this book， but also for readers that want to understand the technology behind other systems， such as WiMAX and CDMA2000.

內(nèi)容概要

　　《3G演進(jìn)：HSPA與LTE(英文版.第2版)》是愛立信研究院研發(fā)人員的經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談，描述了3G數(shù)字蜂窩系統(tǒng)如何演進(jìn)成為先進(jìn)的寬帶移動(dòng)接入技術(shù)，重點(diǎn)介紹了3G移動(dòng)通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化開發(fā)演進(jìn)路線、無線接入技術(shù)和接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)的演進(jìn)。書中內(nèi)容分為5部分，清晰地勾勒出了3G演進(jìn)技術(shù)取舍的諸多細(xì)節(jié)?！　　?G演進(jìn)：HSPA與LTE(英文版.第2版)》是移動(dòng)通信行業(yè)技術(shù)人員的必備參考指南，也是高等院校通信專業(yè)師生不可多得的教學(xué)參考書。

作者簡介

　　Erik Dahlman博士，世界知名移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)專家，愛立信研究院資深研究員，畢業(yè)于瑞典皇家工學(xué)院。早期從事WCDMA的3G移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)的研發(fā)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定工作，后來成為3GPP項(xiàng)目成員，目前主要負(fù)責(zé)WCDMA R5的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作以及下一代手機(jī)系統(tǒng)的無線接入研究工作。他在無線通信領(lǐng)域擁有20多項(xiàng)專利，由于工作業(yè)績突出，曾榮獲IEEE運(yùn)載工具技術(shù)學(xué)會(huì)授予的Jack Neubauer獎(jiǎng)以及愛立信研究院授予的年度發(fā)明家獎(jiǎng)。

書籍目錄

Part Ⅰ： Introduction1　Background of 3G evolution　31.1　History and background of 3G　31.1.1　Before 3G　31.1.2　Early 3G discussions　51.1.3　Research on 3G　61.1.4　3G standardization starts　71.2　Standardization　71.2.1　The standardization process　71.2.2　3GPP　91.2.3　IMT-2000 activities in ITU　111.3　Spectrum for 3G and systems beyond 3G　132　The motives behind the 3G evolution　152.1　Driving forces　152.1.1　Technology advancements　162.1.2　Services　172.1.3　Cost and performance　202.2　3G evolution： Two Radio Access Network approaches and an evolved core network　212.2.1　Radio Access Network evolution　212.2.2　An evolved core network： system architecture evolution　24Part Ⅱ： Technologies for 3G Evolution3　High data rates in mobile communication　293.1　High data rates： Fundamental constraints　293.1.1　High data rates in noise-limited scenarios　313.1.2　Higher data rates in interference-limited scenarios　333.2　Higher data rates within a limited bandwidth： Higher-order modulation　343.2.1　Higher-order modulation in combination with channel coding　353.2.2　Variations in instantaneous transmit power　363.3　Wider bandwidth including multi-carrier transmission　373.3.1　Multi-carrier transmission　404　OFDM transmission　434.1　Basic principles of OFDM　434.2　OFDM demodulation　464.3　OFDM implementation using IFFT/FFT processing　464.4　Cyclic-prefix insertion　484.5　Frequency-domain model of OFDM transmission　514.6　Channel estimation and reference symbols　524.7　Frequency diversity with OFDM： Importance of channel coding　534.8　Selection of basic OFDM parameters　554.8.1　OFDM subcarrier spacing　554.8.2　Number of subcarriers　574.8.3　Cyclic-prefix length　584.9　Variations in instantaneous transmission power　584.10　OFDM as a user-multiplexing and multiple-access scheme　594.11　Multi-cell broadcast/multicast transmission and OFDM　615　Wider-band ‘single-carrier’ transmission　655.1　Equalization against radio-channel frequency selectivity　655.1.1　Time-domain linear equalization　665.1.2　Frequency-domain equalization　685.1.3　Other equalizer strategies　715.2　Uplink FDMA with flexible bandwidth assignment　715.3　DFT-spread OFDM　735.3.1　Basic principles　745.3.2　DFTS-OFDM receiver　765.3.3　User multiplexing with DFTS-OFDM　775.3.4　Distributed DFTS-OFDM　786　Multi-antenna techniques　816.1　Multi-antenna configurations　816.2　Benefits of multi-antenna techniques　826.3　Multiple receive antennas　836.4　Multiple transmit antennas　886.4.1　Transmit-antenna diversity　896.4.2　Transmitter-side beam-forming　936.5　Spatial multiplexing　966.5.1　Basic principles　976.5.2　Pre-coder-based spatial multiplexing　1006.5.3　Non-linear receiver processing　1027　Scheduling， link adaptation and hybrid ARQ　1057.1　Link adaptation： Power and rate control　1067.2　Channel-dependent scheduling　1077.2.1　Downlink scheduling　1087.2.2　Uplink scheduling　1127.2.3　Link adaptation and channel-dependent scheduling in the frequency domain　1157.2.4　Acquiring on channel-state information　1167.2.5　Traffic behavior and scheduling　1177.3　Advanced retransmission schemes　1187.4　Hybrid ARQ with soft combining　120Part Ⅲ： HSPA8　WCDMA evolution： HSPA and MBMS　1278.1　WCDMA： Brief overview　1298.1.1　Overall architecture　1298.1.2　Physical layer　1328.1.3　Resource handling and packet-data session　1379　High-Speed Downlink Packet Access　1399.1　Overview　1399.1.1　Shared-channel transmission　1399.1.2　Channel-dependent scheduling　1409.1.3　Rate control and higher-order modulation　1429.1.4　Hybrid ARQ with soft combining　1429.1.5　Architecture　1439.2　Details of HSDPA　1449.2.1　HS-DSCH： Inclusion of features in WCDMA Release 5　1449.2.2　MAC-hs and physical-layer processing　1479.2.3　Scheduling　1499.2.4　Rate control　1509.2.5　Hybrid ARQ with soft combining　1549.2.6　Data flow　1579.2.7　Resource control for HS-DSCH　1599.2.8　Mobility　1609.2.9　UE categories　1629.3　Finer details of HSDPA　1629.3.1　Hybrid ARQ revisited： Physical-layer processing　1629.3.2　Interleaving and constellation rearrangement　1679.3.3　Hybrid ARQ revisited： Protocol operation　1689.3.4　In-sequence delivery　1709.3.5　MAC-hs header　1729.3.6　CQI and other means to assess the downlink quality　1749.3.7　Downlink control signaling： HS-SCCH　1779.3.8　Downlink control signaling： F-DPCH　1809.3.9　Uplink control signaling： HS-DPCCH　18010　Enhanced Uplink　18510.1　Overview　18510.1.1　Scheduling　18610.1.2　Hybrid ARQ with soft combining　18810.1.3　Architecture　18910.2　Details of Enhanced Uplink　19010.2.1　MAC-e and physical layer processing　19310.2.2　Scheduling　19510.2.3　E-TFC selection　20210.2.4　Hybrid ARQ with soft combining　20310.2.5　Physical channel allocation　20810.2.6　Power control　21010.2.7　Data flow　21110.2.8　Resource control for E-DCH　21210.2.9　Mobility　21310.2.10　UE categories　21310.3　Finer details of Enhanced Uplink　21410.3.1　Scheduling - the small print　21410.3.2　Further details on hybrid ARQ operation　22310.3.3　Control signaling　23011　MBMS： Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services　23911.1　Overview　24211.1.1　Macro-diversity　24311.1.2　Application-level coding　24511.2　Details of MBMS　24611.2.1　MTCH　24711.2.2　MCCH and MICH　24711.2.3　MSCH　24912　HSPA Evolution　25112.1　MIMO　25112.1.1　HSDPA-MIMO data transmission　25212.1.2　Rate control for HSDPA-MIMO　25612.1.3　Hybrid-ARQ with soft combining for HSDPA-MIMO　25612.1.4　Control signaling for HSDPA-MIMO　25712.1.5　UE capabilities　25912.2　Higher-order modulation.　25912.3　Continuous packet connectivity　26012.3.1　DTX–reducing uplink overhead　26112.3.2　DRX–reducing UE power consumption　26412.3.3　HS-SCCH-less operation： downlink overhead reduction　26512.3.4　Control signaling　26712.4　Enhanced CELL_FACH operation　26712.5　Layer 2 protocol enhancements　26912.6　Advanced receivers　27012.6.1　Advanced UE receivers specified in 3GPP　27112.6.2　Receiver diversity （type 1）　27112.6.3　Chip-level equalizers and similar receivers （type 2）　27212.6.4　Combination with antenna diversity （type 3）　27312.6.5　Combination with antenna diversity and interference cancellation （type 3i）　27412.7　MBSFN operation　27512.8　Conclusion　275Part Ⅳ： LTE and SAE13　LTE and SAE： Introduction and design targets　27913.1　LTE design targets　28013.1.1　Capabilities　28113.1.2　System performance　28213.1.3　Deployment-related aspects　28313.1.4　Architecture and migration　28513.1.5　Radio resource management　28613.1.6　Complexity　28613.1.7　General aspects　28613.2　SAE design targets　28714　LTE radio access： An overview　28914.1　LTE transmission schemes： Downlink OFDM and uplink DFTS-OFDM/SC-FDMA　28914.2　Channel-dependent scheduling and rate adaptation　29114.2.1　Downlink scheduling　29214.2.2　Uplink scheduling　29214.2.3　Inter-cell interference coordination　29314.3　Hybrid ARQ with soft combining　29414.4　Multiple antenna support　29414.5　Multicast and broadcast support　29514.6　Spectrum flexibility　29614.6.1　Flexibility in duplex arrangement　29614.6.2　Flexibility in frequency-band-of-operation　29714.6.3　Bandwidth flexibility　29715　LTE radio interface architecture　29915.1　Radio link control　30115.2　Medium access control　30215.2.1　Logical channels and transport channels　30315.2.2　Scheduling　30515.2.3　Hybrid ARQ with soft combining　30815.3　Physical layer　31115.4　Terminal states　31415.5　Data flow　31516　Downlink transmission scheme　31716.1　Overall time-domain structure and duplex alternatives　31716.2　The downlink physical resource　31916.3　Downlink reference signals　32416.3.1　Cell-specific downlink reference signals　32516.3.2　UE-specific reference signals　32816.4　Downlink L1/L2 control signaling　33016.4.1　Physical Control Format Indicator Channel　33216.4.2　Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel　33416.4.3　Physical Downlink Control Channel　33816.4.4　Downlink scheduling assignment　34016.4.5　Uplink scheduling grants　34816.4.6　Power-control commands　35216.4.7　PDCCH processing　35216.4.8　Blind decoding of PDCCHs　35716.5　Downlink transport-channel processing　36116.5.1　CRC insertion per transport block　36116.5.2　Code-block segmentation and per-code-block CRC insertion　36216.5.3　Turbo coding　36316.5.4　Rate-matching and physical-layer hybrid-ARQ functionality　36516.5.5　Bit-level scrambling　36616.5.6　Data modulation　36616.5.7　Antenna mapping　36716.5.8　Resource-block mapping　36716.6　Multi-antenna transmission　37116.6.1　Transmit diversity　37216.6.2　Spatial multiplexing　37316.6.3　General beam-forming　37716.7　MBSFN transmission and MCH　37817　Uplink transmission scheme　38317.1　The uplink physical resource　38317.2　Uplink reference signals　38517.2.1　Uplink demodulation reference signals　38517.2.2　Uplink sounding reference signals　39317.3　Uplink L1/L2 control signaling　39617.3.1　Uplink L1/L2 control signaling on PUCCH　39817.3.2　Uplink L1/L2 control signaling on PUSCH　41117.4　Uplink transport-channel processing　41317.5　PUSCH frequency hopping　41517.5.1　Hopping based on cell-specific hopping/mirroring patterns　41617.5.2　Hopping based on explicit hopping information　41818　LTE access procedures　42118.1　Acquisition and cell search　42118.1.1　Overview of LTE cell search　42118.1.2　PSS structure　42418.1.3　SSS structure　42418.2　System information　42518.2.1　MIB and BCH transmission　42618.2.2　System-Information Blocks　42918.3　Random access　43218.3.1　Step 1： Random-access preamble transmission　43418.3.2　Step 2： Random-access response　44118.3.3　Step 3： Terminal identification　44218.3.4　Step 4： Contention resolution　44318.4　Paging　44419　LTE transmission procedures　44719.1　RLC and hybrid-ARQ protocol operation　44719.1.1　Hybrid-ARQ with soft combining　44819.1.2　Radio-link control　45919.2　Scheduling and rate adaptation　46519.2.1　Downlink scheduling　46719.2.2　Uplink scheduling　47019.2.3　Semi-persistent scheduling　47619.2.4　Scheduling for half-duplex FDD　47819.2.5　Channel-status reporting　47919.3　Uplink power control　48219.3.1　Power control for PUCCH　48219.3.2　Power control for PUSCH　48519.3.3　Power control for SRS　48819.4　Discontinuous reception （DRX）　48819.5　Uplink timing alignment　49019.6　UE categories　49520　Flexible bandwidth in LTE　49720.1　Spectrum for LTE　49720.1.1　Frequency bands for LTE　49820.1.2　New frequency bands　50120.2　Flexible spectrum use　50220.3　Flexible channel bandwidth operation　50320.4　Requirements to support flexible bandwidth　50520.4.1　RF requirements for LTE　50520.4.2　Regional requirements　50620.4.3　BS transmitter requirements　50720.4.4　BS receiver requirements　51120.4.5　Terminal transmitter requirements　51420.4.6　Terminal receiver requirements　51521　System Architecture Evolution　51721.1　Functional split between radio access network and core network　51821.1.1　Functional split between WCDMA/HSPA radio access network and core network　51821.1.2　Functional split between LTE RAN and core network　51921.2　HSPA/WCDMA and LTE radio access network　52021.2.1　WCDMA/HSPA radio access network　52121.2.2　LTE radio access network　52621.3　Core network architecture　52821.3.1　GSM core network used for WCDMA/HSPA　52921.3.2　The ‘SAE’ core network： The Evolved Packet Core　53321.3.3　WCDMA/HSPA connected to Evolved Packet Core　53621.3.4　Non-3GPP access connected to Evolved Packet Core　53722　LTE-Advanced　53922.1　IMT-2000 development　53922.2　LTE-Advanced – The 3GPP candidate for IMT-Advanced　54022.2.1　Fundamental requirements for LTE-Advanced　54122.2.2　Extended requirements beyond ITU requirements　54222.3　Technical components of LTE-Advanced　54222.3.1　Wider bandwidth and carrier aggregation　54322.3.2　Extended multi-antenna solutions　54422.3.3　Advanced repeaters and relaying functionality　54522.4　Conclusion　546Part Ⅴ： Performance and Concluding Remarks23　Performance of 3G evolution　54923.1　Performance assessment　54923.1.1　End-user perspective of performance　55023.1.2　Operator perspective　55223.2　Performance in terms of peak data rates　55223.3　Performance evaluation of 3G evolution　55323.3.1　Models and assumptions　55323.3.2　Performance numbers for LTE with 5 MHz FDD carriers　55523.4　Evaluation of LTE in 3GPP　55723.4.1　LTE performance requirements　55723.4.2　LTE performance evaluation　55923.4.3　Performance of LTE with 20 MHz FDD carrier　56023.5　Conclusion　56024　Other wireless communications systems　56324.1　UTRA TDD　56324.2　TD-SCDMA （low chip rate UTRA TDD）　56524.3　CDMA2000　56624.3.1　CDMA2000 1x　56724.3.2　1x EV-DO Rev 0　56724.3.3　1x EV-DO Rev A　56824.3.4　1x EV-DO Rev B　56924.3.5　UMB （1x EV-DO Rev C）　57124.4　GSM/EDGE　57324.4.1　Objectives for the GSM/EDGE evolution　57324.4.2　Dual-antenna terminals　57524.4.3　Multi-carrier EDGE　57524.4.4　Reduced TTI and fast feedback　57624.4.5　Improved modulation and coding　57724.4.6　Higher symbol rates　57724.5　WiMAX （IEEE 802.16）　57824.5.1　Spectrum， bandwidth options and duplexing arrangement　58024.5.2　Scalable OFDMA　58124.5.3　TDD frame structure　58124.5.4　Modulation， coding and Hybrid ARQ　58124.5.5　Quality-of-service handling　58224.5.6　Mobility　58324.5.7　Multi-antenna technologies　58424.5.8　Fractional frequency reuse　58424.5.9　Advanced Air Interface （IEEE 802.16m）　58524.6　Mobile Broadband Wireless Access （IEEE 802.20）　58624.7　Summary　58825　Future evolution　58925.1　IMT-Advanced　59025.2　The research community　59125.3　Standardization bodies　59125.4　Concluding remarks　592References　593Index　603

章節(jié)摘錄

　　The size and weight of the mobile terminals have been reduced dramatically during the past 20 years. The standby and talk times have also been extended dramatically and the end users do not need to re-charge their devices every day. Simple black-and-white （or brown-and-gray） numerical screens have evolved into color screens capable of showing digital photos at good quality. Mega- pixel-capable digital cameras have been added making the device more attractive to use. Thus, the mobile device has become a multi-purpose device, not only a mobile phone for voice communications.　　In parallel to the technical development of the mobile devices, the mobile- communication technologies are developed to meet the demands of the new serv- ices enabled, and also to enable them wireless. The development of the digital signal processors enables more advanced receivers capable of processing mega- bits of data in a short time, and the introduction of the optical fibers enables high-speed network connections to the base stations. In sum, this enables a fast access to information on the Internet as well as a short roundtrip time for normal communications. Thus, new and fancier services are enabled by the technical development of the devices, and new and more efficient mobile-communication systems are enabled by a similar technical development.　　2.1.2 Services Delivering services to the end users is the fundamental goal of any mobile- communication system. Knowing them, understanding them, managing them, and charging them properly is the key for success. It is also the most difficult task being faced by the engineers developing the mobile-communication system of the future. It is very difficult to predict what service（s） will be popular in a 5- to 10-year perspective. In fact, the engineers have to design a system that can adapt to any service that might become popular and used in the future. Unfortunately, there are also technical limitations that need to be understood, and also the tech- nical innovations that in the future enable new services.　　2.1.2.1　Internet and IP technology The success of the Internet and the IP-based services delivered over the Internet is more and more going wireless. This means that the mobile-communication systems are delivering more and more IP-based services, from the best effort- Internet data to voice-over-IP, for example in the shape of push-to-ta　　k （PoC）. Furthermore, in the wireless environment it is more natural to use, for exam- ple, location-based services and tracking services than in the fixed environment.

媒體關(guān)注與評(píng)論

　　“如果你打算學(xué)習(xí)HSPA與LTE，本書無疑是最佳參考指南，因?yàn)樽髡卟坏峭ㄐ偶夹g(shù)高手，而且知道怎么讓你也成為技術(shù)高手。”　　——Joel Schopp，IBM工程師　　“這是迄今為止最系統(tǒng)的甚至可以說最優(yōu)秀的移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)演進(jìn)資料！我這么評(píng)價(jià)它毫不夸張，因?yàn)樗敱M介紹了4G之路該如何走。”　　——Amazon.com

編輯推薦

　　飛速發(fā)展的移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)如何演進(jìn)不但給各大運(yùn)營商、設(shè)備廠商帶來了挑戰(zhàn)，也成為橫亙?cè)诰W(wǎng)絡(luò)工程人員面前的巨大課題，如何應(yīng)用新技術(shù)以保證自己在競爭中立于不敗之地，是通信工程師們必須認(rèn)真思考的問題?！　　?G演進(jìn)：HSPA與LTE(英文版.第2版)》是愛立信研究院工程師們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)結(jié)晶，探討諸多3GPP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)細(xì)節(jié)，清晰地勾勒出了如何在各種移動(dòng)通信演進(jìn)技術(shù)之間進(jìn)行取舍，準(zhǔn)確體現(xiàn)了作者在把握技術(shù)演進(jìn)方向上的前瞻意識(shí)。與許多只是闡述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的同類書不同，《3G演進(jìn)：HSPA與LTE(英文版.第2版)》內(nèi)容均來自一線實(shí)戰(zhàn)，很多資料都是首次公開。全書內(nèi)容分為五個(gè)部分，重在介紹3.5G和4G移動(dòng)通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化開發(fā)的路線，關(guān)注無線接入技術(shù)和接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)的演進(jìn)，主要知識(shí)點(diǎn)包括：3.5G和4G系統(tǒng)及其發(fā)展背景；3.5G和4G涉及的具體技術(shù)，如高速數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、OFDM傳輸、多天線技術(shù)等；HSPA；LTE和SAE；系統(tǒng)性能評(píng)估?！?G演進(jìn)：HSPA與LTE(英文版.第2版)》將使你更深入地理解3.5G和4G技術(shù)，自信應(yīng)對(duì)未來通信技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)。

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