實(shí)現(xiàn)模式

前言

　　這是一本關(guān)于如何寫(xiě)好代碼的書(shū)。?！　∪绻悴徽J(rèn)為寫(xiě)好代碼是一件重要。困難并且有趣的事，請(qǐng)立即放下這《實(shí)現(xiàn)模式》?！　∈裁词呛玫拇a？可以工作的。性能良好的。不出bug的代碼，就是好的代碼嗎？　　所謂好的代碼，除了其他所有要求以外，還應(yīng)該清晰準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)寫(xiě)作者的想法?！　artinFowler在《重構(gòu)：改善既有代碼的設(shè)計(jì)》里說(shuō)，“任何一個(gè)傻瓜都能寫(xiě)出機(jī)器能懂的代碼。好的程序員應(yīng)該寫(xiě)出人能懂的代碼?！薄　∪绻悴煌膺@句話，請(qǐng)立即放下這《實(shí)現(xiàn)模式》。因?yàn)檫@是一本關(guān)于如何用代碼與他人（而非機(jī)

內(nèi)容概要

　　在本書(shū)中，作者將自己多年形成的編程習(xí)慣以及閱讀既有代碼的體驗(yàn)?zāi)毘闪司幊讨械膬r(jià)值觀、原則和77種實(shí)現(xiàn)模式。　　溝通、簡(jiǎn)單和靈活的價(jià)值觀應(yīng)當(dāng)被所有開(kāi)發(fā)人員所銘記。局部影響、最小化重復(fù)、將邏輯與數(shù)據(jù)捆綁等原則同樣是通用性的指導(dǎo)思想，比價(jià)值觀更貼近編程場(chǎng)景，在價(jià)值觀和模式之間搭建了橋梁。在77個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)模式中，每一個(gè)模式都覆蓋了編寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)潔、清晰、易擴(kuò)展、易維護(hù)的代碼這一原則的某個(gè)方面。它們?yōu)槿粘５木幊烫峁┝素S富翔實(shí)的參考依據(jù)，并告訴大家這些代碼如何為降低溝通成本和提高有效產(chǎn)出提供保障。　　本書(shū)適用于各個(gè)階段的開(kāi)發(fā)者群體，剛剛涉足軟件開(kāi)發(fā)領(lǐng)域的新人能夠透過(guò)大師的眼睛來(lái)看待編程，了解編程的價(jià)值觀與原則；而具有豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)的資深工程師則可以通過(guò)這些模式進(jìn)行反思，探究成功實(shí)踐背后的意義。把價(jià)值觀、原則和開(kāi)發(fā)實(shí)踐結(jié)合之后，日常開(kāi)發(fā)工作便會(huì)以嶄新迷人的形式呈現(xiàn)在我們面前。

書(shū)籍目錄

Chapter 1: Introduction　1　Tour Guide　3　And Now　4Chapter 2: Patterns　5Chapter 3: A Theory of Programming　9　Values　10　　Communication　10　　Simplicity　11　　Flexibility　12　Principles　13　　Local Consequences　13　　Minimize Repetition　14　　Logic and Data Together　14　　Symmetry　15　　Declarative Expression　16　　Rate of Change　17　Conclusion　18Chapter 4: Motivation　19Chapter 5: Class　21　Class　22　Simple Superclass Name　23　Qualified Subclass Name　24　Abstract Interface　24　Interface　26　Abstract Class　26　Versioned Interface　27　Value Object　28　Specialization　31　Subclass　32　Implementor　34　Inner Class　34　Instance-Specific Behavior　36　Conditional　36　Delegation　38　Pluggable Selector　40　Anonymous Inner Class　41　Library Class　41　Conclusion　42Chapter 6: State　43　State　44　Access　45　Direct Access　46　Indirect Access　47　Common State　47　Variable State　48　Extrinsic State　50　Variable　50　Local Variable　51　Field　52　Parameter　53　Collecting Parameter　55　Optional Parameter　56　Var Args　56　Parameter Object　57　Constant　58　Role-Suggesting Name　58　Declared Type　60　Initialization　61　Eager Initialization　61　Lazy Initialization　62　Conclusion　62Chapter 7: Behavior　63　Control Flow　64　Main Flow　64　Message　65　Choosing Message　65　Double Dispatch　66　Decomposing (Sequencing) Message　67　Reversing Message　67　Inviting Message　68　Explaining Message　69　Exceptional Flow　70　Guard Clause　70　Exception　72　Checked Exceptions　72　Exception Propagation　73　Conclusion　73Chapter 8: Methods　75　Composed Method　77　Intention-Revealing Name　79　Method Visibility　80　Method Object　82　Overridden Method　83　Overloaded Method　83　Method Return Type　84　Method Comment　85　Helper Method　85　Debug Print Method　86　Conversion　87　Conversion Method　87　Conversion Constructor　88　Creation　88　Complete Constructor　89　Factory Method　90　Internal Factory　91　Collection Accessor Method　91　Boolean Setting Method　93　Query Method　93　Equality Method　94　Getting Method　95　Setting Method　96　Safe Copy　97　Conclusion　98Chapter 9: Collections　99　Metaphors　100　Issues　101　Interfaces　103　　Array　103　　Iterable　104　　Collection　104　　List　104　　Set　105　　SortedSet　105　　Map　106　Implementations　107　　Collection　108　　List　108　　Set　108　　Map　109　Collections　110　　Searching　111　　Sorting　112　　Unmodifiable Collections　113　　Single-Element Collections　114　　Empty Collections　114　Extending Collections　114　Conclusion　115Chapter 10: Evolving Frameworks　117　Changing Frameworks without Changing Applications117　Incompatible Upgrades　118　Encouraging Compatible Change　120　　Library Class　121　　Objects　121　Conclusion　129Appendix A: Performance Measurement　131　Example　131　API　132　Implementation　133　MethodTimer　134　Canceling Overhead　136　Tests　136　　Comparing Collections　137　　Comparing ArrayList and LinkedList　139　　Comparing Sets　140　　Comparing Maps　141　Conclusion　142Bibliography　145　General Programming　145　Philosophy　147　Java　148Index　149

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Intro duction　　Here we are together．You’ve picked up my book(its yours now)．You akeady write code．You have probably already developed a style of your own through your own experiences．　　The goal of this book is to help you communicate your intentions through your code．The book begins with an overview of programming and patterns (chapters 2-4)．The remainder of the book(chapters 5-8)is a series of short essays，patterns，on how to use the features of Java to write readable code．It closes with a chapter on how to modif、r the advice here if you are writing frameworks instead of applications．Throughout，the book is focused on programming techniques that enhance communication．　　There are several steps to communicating through code．First I had to become conscious while programming．I had been programming for years when I first started writing implementation patterns．1 was astonished to discover that，even though programming decisions came smoothly and quickly to me，I couldn’t explain why 1 was SO sure a method should be called such．a(chǎn)nd．SO or that a bit of logic belonged in this object over here．The first step towards communicating was slowing down long enough to become aware of what 1 was thinking，to stop pretending that I coded by instinct．　　The second step was acknowledging the importance of other people．I found programming satislying，but I am self-centered．Before I could write communicative code I needed to believe that other people were as important as 1 was．Programming is hardly ever a solitary communion between one man and one machine．Caring about other people is a conscious decision，and one that requires practice．　　Which brings me to the third step．Once I had exposed my thinking to sunlight and fresh air and acknowledged that other people had as much right to exist as I did，I needed to demonstrate my new perspective in practice．I use the implementation patterns here to program consciously and for others as well as myself．

編輯推薦

　　在《實(shí)現(xiàn)模式》中，作者收集了77種模式，用于處理日常編程任務(wù)。編寫(xiě)可讀性更高的代碼。這個(gè)新的模式集合涵蓋了開(kāi)發(fā)中的諸多方面，包括類(lèi)、狀態(tài)、行為、方法、容器及框架等。圖表、故事、示例和隨筆的配合使用，使作者筆下的種種模式顯得異彩紛呈，從中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)許多經(jīng)受過(guò)實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)的解決方案，小至變量命名，大到異常檢查?！　ent BeCk，軟件業(yè)中最具創(chuàng)新力、最富盛名的領(lǐng)袖之一。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)。他一直致力于挑戰(zhàn)軟件工程教條。推動(dòng)模式、測(cè)試驅(qū)動(dòng)開(kāi)發(fā)以及極限編程等思想的應(yīng)用和傳播。他是Three RIvers Institute的創(chuàng)始人和董事，也是Agitar Software的成員。他在AddiSOll一WesIev出版了多《實(shí)現(xiàn)模式》(英文版)籍，其中包括Test-Development(中譯版《測(cè)試驅(qū)動(dòng)開(kāi)發(fā)》)。以及與Cyrlthia Andres合著的EXtreme Programming，Explalined(中譯版《解析極限編程》)?！秾?shí)現(xiàn)模式》(英文版)包括以下內(nèi)容：　　·通過(guò)代碼進(jìn)行交流的重要性和隱藏在模式背后的思想；　　·何時(shí)創(chuàng)建類(lèi)，如何創(chuàng)建類(lèi)，類(lèi)又是怎樣書(shū)寫(xiě)邏輯的；　　·存儲(chǔ)和獲取狀態(tài)的最佳實(shí)踐；　　·行為，即用于表述邏輯(包括可選執(zhí)行路徑)的模式；　　·編寫(xiě)方法。為方法命名，以及對(duì)方法進(jìn)行分解；　　·選擇和使用容器；　　·實(shí)現(xiàn)模式在用于構(gòu)建框架時(shí)的變體。　　“Kent是用代碼來(lái)溝通的大師，他的代碼條分縷析，明曉清晰，如益友攜手，如良師解惑，令人豁然開(kāi)朗?！薄　　狤rich Gamma，IBM杰出工程師

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