系統(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計(jì)

內(nèi)容概要

　　本書是系統(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計(jì)的經(jīng)典教材之一。本書由五個(gè)部分組成：第一部分給出系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的概貌，并簡(jiǎn)要介紹全書內(nèi)容；第二部分討論怎樣評(píng)估項(xiàng)目可行性，建立基線項(xiàng)目；第三部分介紹系統(tǒng)需求的確定、過程建模、概念建模和最佳設(shè)計(jì)；第四部分介紹如何設(shè)計(jì)人機(jī)界面和數(shù)據(jù)庫；第五部分介紹系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)、操作和維護(hù)。此外書后還包括“面向?qū)ο蠓治雠c設(shè)計(jì)”和“敏捷方法”兩個(gè)附錄。全書按照系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期進(jìn)行組織，并且反應(yīng)了SAD中的最新趨勢(shì)，包括敏捷方法學(xué)、極限編程等新一代開發(fā)方法。此外，書中配有大量的習(xí)題和豐富的案例?！　”緯m合作為信息管理、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、軟件工程以及MBA等相關(guān)專業(yè)“系統(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計(jì)”課程的教材，同時(shí)也適合相關(guān)領(lǐng)域技術(shù)人員參考。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

Joseph S.Valacich是華盛頓州立大學(xué)普爾曼分校商務(wù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)院院長(zhǎng)和教授。他教授過系統(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計(jì)、集成計(jì)算、項(xiàng)目管理和管理信息系統(tǒng)等課程。他是美國信息系統(tǒng)教學(xué)改革的主要人物之一，曾是CSAB（計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)評(píng)估委員會(huì)，代表信息系統(tǒng)協(xié)會(huì)）的執(zhí)行委員，現(xiàn)為CSAB理事。

書籍目錄

ContentsPART I　FOUNDATIONS FOR SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT　2Chapter 1　The Systems Development Environment　2What Is Information Systems Analysis and Design?　4Systems Analysis and Design: Core Concepts　4Systems　6　Definition of a System and Its Parts　6　Important System Concepts　7A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design　10　Your Role in Systems Development　11　Outsourcing　12　Sources of Software　13Types of Information Systems and Systems Development　17　Transaction Processing Systems　18　Management Information Systems　18　Decision Support Systems　19　Information Systems: An Overview　19Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life Cycle　20　Phase 1: Systems Planning and Selection　22　Phase 2: Systems Analysis　22　Phase 3: Systems Design　23　Phase 4: Systems Implementation and Operation　23Approaches to Development　26　Prototyping　26　Computer-Assisted Software Engineering (CASE) Tools　26　Joint Application Design　27　Rapid Application Development　27　Participatory Design　29　Agile Methodologies　29Key Points Review　30Key Terms Checkpoint　31Review Questions　32Problems and Exercises　32Discussion Questions　33Case Problems　33Chapter 2　Managing the Information Systems Project　36Pine Valley Furniture Company Background　38Managing the Information Systems Project　39　Initiating the Project　43　Planning the Project　46　Executing the Project　52　Closing Down the Project　54Representing and Scheduling Project Plans　56　Representing Project Plans　57　Calculating Expected Time Durations Using PERT　58　Constructing a Gantt Chart and Network Diagram at Pine Valley Furniture　59Using Project Management Software　62　Establishing a Project Starting Date　63　Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships　63　Selecting a Scheduling Method to Review Project Reports　64Key Points Review　65Key Terms Checkpoint　66Review Questions　67Problems and Exercises　67Discussion Questions　69Case Problems　69Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Company Background　71PART II　SYSTEMS PLANNING AND SELECTION　78Chapter 3　Systems Planning and Selection　78Identifying and Selecting Projects　80　The Process of Identifying and Selecting Information Systems Development Projects 80　Deliverables and Outcomes　83Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects　84　The Process of Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects　84　Deliverables and Outcomes　85Assessing Project Feasibility　86　Assessing Economic Feasibility　89　Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns　95　Building the Baseline Project Plan　96Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan　100PVF WebStore: Systems Planning and Selection　104　Internet Basics　104　Pine Valley Furniture WebStore　105Key Points Review　108Key Terms Checkpoint　109Review Questions　110Problems and Exercises　110Discussion Questions　111Case Problems　111Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Initiating and Planning a Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System　113PART III　SYSTEMS ANALYSIS　118Chapter 4　Determining System Requirements　118Performing Requirements Determination　120　The Process of Determining Requirements　120　Deliverables and Outcomes　121　Requirements Structuring　122Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements　122　Interviewing and Listening　122　Directly Observing Users　127　Analyzing Procedures and Other Documents　128Modern Methods for Determining System Requirements　133　Joint Application Design　133　Using Prototyping during Requirements Determination　136Radical Methods for Determining System Requirements　137　Identifying Processes to Reengineer　138　Disruptive Technologies　139PVF WebStore: Determining System Requirements　139　System Layout and Navigation Characteristics　140　WebStore and Site Management System Capabilities　140　Customer and Inventory Information　141　System Prototype Evolution　142Key Points Review　143Key Terms Checkpoint　143Review Questions　144Problems and Exercises　144Discussion Questions　145Case Problems　145Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Determining Requirements for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System　146Chapter 5　Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling　150Process Modeling　152　Modeling a System's Process　152　Deliverables and Outcomes　152Data-Flow Diagramming Mechanics　153　Definitions and Symbols　154　Developing DFDs: An Example　156　Data-Flow Diagramming Rules　159　Decomposition of DFDs　160　Balancing DFDs　162Using Data-Flow Diagramming in the Analysis Process　164　Guidelines for Drawing DFDs　164　Using DFDs as Analysis Tools　167　Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering　167Logic Modeling　169　Modeling Logic with Structured English　170　Modeling Logic with Decision Tables　172PVF WebStore: Process Modeling　176　Process Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore　176　Logic Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore　177Key Points Review　180Key Terms Checkpoint　180Review Questions　181Problems and Exercises　182Discussion Questions　187Case Problems　187Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Process Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System　189Chapter 6　Structuring System Requirements: Conceptual Data Modeling　194Conceptual Data Modeling　196　The Process of Conceptual Data Modeling　197　Deliverables and Outcomes　198Gathering Information for Conceptual Data Modeling　201Introduction to Entity-Relationship Modeling　202　Entities　203　Attributes　204　Candidate Keys and Identifiers　205　Multivalued Attributes　206　Relationships　207Conceptual Data Modeling and the E-R Model　208　Degree of a Relationship　208　Cardinalities in Relationships　209An Example of Conceptual Data Modeling at Hoosier Burger　212PVF WebStore: Conceptual Data Modeling　216　Conceptual Data Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore　216Key Points Review　220Key Terms Checkpoint　221Review Questions　222Problems and Exercises　222Discussion Questions　225Case Problems　225Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc.Conceptual Data Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System　226Chapter 7　Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy　230Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy　232　The Process of Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy　233　Deliverables and Outcomes　233Generating Alternative Design Strategies　234Issues to Consider in Generating Alternatives　236　Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software　236　Hardware and System Software Issues　238　Implementation Issues　239Developing Design Strategies for Hoosier Burger's New Inventory Control System　240Selecting the Most Likely Alternative　242Updating the Baseline Project Plan　243　Before and After Baseline Project Plans for Hoosier Burger　245PVF WebStore: Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy　249　Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 249Key Points Review　252Key Terms Checkpoint　252Review Questions　253Problems and Exercises　253Discussion Questions　254Case Problems　254Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Formulating a Design Strategy for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System　258PART IV　SYSTEMS DESIGN　262Chapter 8　Designing the Human Interface　262Designing Forms and Reports　264　The Process of Designing Forms and Reports　264　Deliverables and Outcomes　266　Formatting Forms and Reports　267Designing Interfaces and Dialogues　276　The Process of Designing Interfaces and Dialogues　276　Deliverables and Outcomes　276　Designing Interfaces　277　Providing Feedback　284　Designing Dialogues　287PVF WebStore: Designing the Human Interface　290　General Guidelines for Designing Web Interfaces　290　General Guidelines for Web Layouts　292　Designing the Human Interface at Pine Valley Furniture　293　Menu-Driven Navigation with Cookie Crumbs　294　Lightweight Graphics　294　Forms and Data Integrity　295　Template-Based HTML　295Key Points Review　295Key Terms Checkpoint　296Review Questions　297Problems and Exercises　297Discussion Questions　298Case Problems　298Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Designing the Human Interface for the Customer Relationship Management System　300Chapter 9　Designing Databases　304Database Design　306　The Process of Database Design　306　Deliverables and Outcomes　309Relational Database Model　312　Well-Structured Relations　313Normalization　313　Rules of Normalization　314　Functional Dependence and Primary Keys　314　Second Normal Form　315　Third Normal Form　315Transforming E-R Diagrams into Relations　316　Represent Entities　317　Represent Relationships　318　Summary of Transforming E-R Diagrams to Relations　321Merging Relations　321　An Example of Merging Relations　321　View Integration Problems　322Logical Database Design for Hoosier Burger　323Physical File and Database Design　326Designing Fields　327　Choosing Data Types　327　Controlling Data Integrity　329Designing Physical Tables　330　Arranging Table Rows　333　Designing Controls for Files　337Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger　337PVF WebStore: Designing Databases　339　Designing Databases for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore　340Key Points Review　342Key Terms Checkpoint　344Review Questions　345Problems and Exercises　345Discussion Questions　347Case Problems　348Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Designing the Relational Database for the Customer Relationship Management System　349PART V SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION　352Chapter 10　Systems Implementation and Operation　352Systems Implementation and Operation　354　The Processes of Coding, Testing, and Installation　355　Deliverables and Outcomes from Coding, Testing, and Installation　355　The Processes of Documenting the System, Training Users, and Supporting Users　356　Deliverables and Outcomes from Documenting the System, Training Users, and Supporting Users　357　The Process of Maintaining Information Systems　357　Deliverables and Outcomes from Maintaining Information Systems　358Software Application Testing　359　Seven Different Types of Tests　359　The Testing Process　361　Acceptance Testing by Users　363Installation　363　Planning Installation　364Documenting the System　367　User Documentation　367　Preparing User Documentation　369Training and Supporting Users　370　Training Information System Users　370　Supporting Information System Users　373　Support Issues for the Analyst to Consider　374Why Implementation Sometimes Fails　374Project Closedown　376Conducting Systems Maintenance　377　Types of Maintenance　377　The Cost of Maintenance　378　Measuring Maintenance Effectiveness　379　Controlling Maintenance Requests　380　Configuration Management　381　Role of CASE and Automated Development Tools in Maintenance　382　Web Site Maintenance　382Maintaining an Information System at Pine Valley Furniture　383PVF WebStore: Systems Implementation and Operation　384　Systems Implementation and Operation for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore　384Key Points Review　387Key Terms Checkpoint　388Review Questions　390Problems and Exercises　390Discussion Questions　391Case Problems　391Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Designing a Testing Plan for the Customer Relationship Management System　392Appendix A　Object-Oriented Analysis and Design　397The Object-Oriented Modeling Approach　397Use-Case Modeling　398Object Modeling: Class Diagrams　401　Representing Associations　402Representing Generalization　405Representing Aggregation　406Dynamic Modeling: State Diagrams　407Dynamic Modeling: Sequence Diagrams　408Designing a Use Case with a Sequence Diagram　410Moving to Design　411Key Points Review　413Key Terms Checkpoint　414Review Questions　415Problems and Exercises　415Appendix B　Agile Methodologies　417The Trend to Agile Methodologies　417Agile Methodologies　418eXtreme Programming　420The Heart of the Systems Development Process　421　Requirements Determination　422　Design Specifications　425　Implementation　427Key Points Review　427Key Terms Checkpoint　428Review Questions　428Problems and Exercises　428References　429Glossary of Acronyms　435Glossary of Terms　437Index　443

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