出版時間:2006-4 出版社:人民郵電出版社 作者:恩德滕 頁數(shù):279 字數(shù):148000
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內(nèi)容概要
集合論是數(shù)學(xué)的一個基本分支,在數(shù)學(xué)中占據(jù)著獨特的地位,其基本概念已滲透到數(shù)學(xué)的所有領(lǐng)域。本書從集合論中最基本的概念開始,循序漸進,深入淺出。主要內(nèi)容有:公理及運算、關(guān)系與函數(shù)、自然數(shù)、實數(shù)的構(gòu)造、基數(shù)與選擇公理、秩序與序數(shù)、序數(shù)與序型等。本書附有大約300道習(xí)題。 本書可作為數(shù)學(xué)、計算機及其他相關(guān)專業(yè)本科生教材。
書籍目錄
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Baby Set Theory 1 Sets-An Informal View 7 Classes 10 Axiomatic method 10 Notation 13 Historical Notes 14Chatper 2 AXIOMS AND OPERATIONS 17 Axioms 17 Arbitrary Unions and Intersections 23 Algebra of Sets 27 Epilogue 33 Review Exercises 33Chapter 3 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS 35 Ordered Pairs 35 Relations 39 n-Ary Relations 41 Functions 42 Infinite Cartesian Products 54 Equivalence Relations 55 Ordering Relations 62 Review Exercises 64Chapter 4 NATURAL NUMBERS 67 Inductive Sets 67 Peano's Postulates 70 Recursion on 73 Arithmetic 79 Ordering on 83 Review Exercises 88Chapter 5 CONSTRUCTION OF THE REAL NUMBERS 90 Integers 90 Rational Numbers 101 Real Numbers 111 Summaries 121 Two 123Chapter 6 CARDINAL NUMBERS AND THE AXIOM OF CHIOCE 128 Equinumerosity 128 Finite Sets 133 Cardinal Arithmetic 138 Ordering Cardinal Numbers 145 Axiom of Choice 151 Countable Sets 159 Arithmetic of Infinite Cardinals 162 Continuum Hypothesis 165Chapter 7 ORDERINGS AND ORDINALS 167 Partial Orderings 167 Well Orderings 172 Replacement Axioms 179 Epsilon-Images 182 Isomorphisms 184 Ordinal Numbers 187 Debts Paid 195 Rank 200Chapter 8 ORDINALS AND ORDER TYPES 209 Transfinite Recursion Again 209 Alephs 212 Ordinal Operations 215 Isomorphism Types 220 Arithmetic of Order Types 222 Ordinal Arithmetic 227Chapter 9 SPECIAL TOPICS 241 Well-Founded Relations 241 Natural Models 249 Cofinality 257Appendix NOTATION, LOGIC, AND PROOFS 263Selected References for Further Study 269List of Axioms 271Index 273
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