UNIX系統(tǒng)內(nèi)幕

內(nèi)容概要

本書提供了最新和最全面的UNIX系統(tǒng)技術(shù)內(nèi)幕資料。全書討論了UNIX的開發(fā)技術(shù)和原理，考察了現(xiàn)代UNIX系統(tǒng)的最新發(fā)展，比較分析了由最重要的UNIX系統(tǒng)和變體所提供的最新特性。本書涵蓋的內(nèi)容包括體現(xiàn)了20世紀90年代UNIX系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)特色的多項技術(shù)：多線程內(nèi)核、多處理機和實時系統(tǒng)，以及分布式文件系統(tǒng)。本書還討論了內(nèi)核的幾個重要組成部分，比較了它們在幾種不同UNIX變體中的設(shè)計，論述了其間的諸多權(quán)衡考慮，并且介紹了已被廣泛采用的那些特性。    本書可作為大學計算機科學系高年級本科生和研究生的教材或參考書。本書也為專業(yè)UNIX程序員、系統(tǒng)管理員提供了極有價值的參考資料。

作者簡介

Uresh Vahalia曾為幾種UNIX變體開發(fā)過內(nèi)核中的子系統(tǒng)。他在許多大學、企業(yè)里，以及會議上講授過UNIX內(nèi)核技術(shù)。目前他正在為EMC公司開發(fā)高性能的文件和視頻服務器。

書籍目錄

1  INTRODUCTION  1.1  Introduction  1.2  Th Mandate for Change  1.3  Looking Back, Looking Forward  1.4  The Scope of this Book  1.5  References2  THE PROCESS AND THE KERNEL  2.1  Introduction  2.2  Mode, Space, and Context  2.3  The Process Abstraction  2.4  Executing in Kernel Mode  2.5  Synchronization  2.6  Process Scheduling  2.7  Signals  2.8  New Processes and Programs  2.9  Summary  2.10  Exercises  2.11  References3  THREADS AND LIGHTWEIGHT PROCESSES  3.1  Introduction  3.2  Fundamental Abstractions  3.3  Lightweight Process Design--Issues to Consider  3.4  User-Level Threads Libraries  3.5  Scheduler Activations  3.6  Multithreading in Solarie and SVR4  3.7  Threads in Mach  3.8  Digital UNIX  3.9  Mach 3.0 Continuations  3.10  Summary  3.11  Exercises  3.12  References4   SIGNALS AND SESSION MANAGEMENT  4.1  Introduction  4.2  Signal Generation and Handling  4.3  Unreliable Signals  4.4  Reliable Signals  4.5   Signals in SVR4  4.6  Signals Implementation  4.7  Exceptions  4.8  Mach Exception Handling  4.9  Process Groups and Terminal Management  4.10  The SVR4 Sessions Architecture  4.11  Summary  4.12  Exercises  4.13  References5  PROCESS SCHEDULING  5.1  Introduction  5.2  Clock Interrupt Handling  5.3  Scheduler Goals  5.4  Traditional UNIX Scheduling  5.5  The SVR4 Scheduler  5.6  Solaris 2.x Scheduling Enhancements  5.7  Scheduling in Mach  5.8  The Digital UNIX Real-Time Scheduler  5.9  Other Scheduling Implementations  5.10  Summary  5.11  Exercises  5.12  References6  INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATIONS  6.1  Introduction  6.2  Universal IPC Facilities  6.3  System V IPC  6.4  Mach IPC  6.5  Messages  6.6  Ports  6.7  Message Passing  6.8  Port Operations  6.9  Extensibility  6.10  Mach 3.0 Enhancements  6.11  Discussion  6.12  Summary  6.13  Exercises  6.14  References7  SYNCHRONIZATION AND MULTIPROCESSING  7.1  Introduction  7.2  Synchronization in Traditional UNIX Kernels  7.3  Multiprocessor Systems  7.4  Multiprocessor Synchronization Issues  7.5  Semaphores  7.6  Spin Locks  7.7  Condition Variables  7.8  Resd-Writs Locks  7.9  Reference Counts  7.10  Other Considerations  7.11  Case Studies  7.12  Summary  7.13  Exercises  7.14  References8  FILE SYSTEM INTERFACE AND FRAMEWORK  8.1  Introduction  8.2  The User Interface to Files  8.3  File Systems  8.4  Special Files  8.5  File System Framework  8.6  The Vnode/Vfs Architecture  8.7  Implementation Overview  8.8  File-System-Dependent Objects  8.9  Mounting a File System  8.10  Operations on Files  8.11  Analysis  8.12  Summary  8.13  Exercises  8.14  References9  FILE SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATIONS  9.1  Introduction  9.2  The System V File System (s5fs)  9.3  S5fs Kernel Organization  9.4  Analysis of s5fs  9.5  The Berkeley Fast File System  9.6  Hard Disk Structure  9.7  On-Disk Organization  9.8  FFS Functionality Enhancements  9.9  Analysis  9.10  Temporary File Systems  9.11  Special-Purpose File Systems  9.12  The Old Buffer Cache  9.13  Summary  9.14  Exercises  9.15  References10  DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEMS  10.1  Introduction  10.2  General Characteristics of Distributed File Systems  10.3  Network File System (NFS)  10.4  The Protocol Suite  10.5  NFS Implementation  10.6  UNIX Semantics  10.7  NFS Performance  10.8  Dedicated NFS Servers  10.9  NFS Security  10.10  NFS Version 3  10.11  Remote File Sharing (RFS)  10.12  RFS Architecture  10.13  RFS Implementation  10.14  Client-Side Caching  10.15  The Andrew File System  10.16  AFS Implementation  10.17  AFS Shortcomings  10.18  The DCE Distributed File System (DCE DFS)  10.19  Summary  10.20  Exercises  10.21  References11  ADVANCED FILE SYSTEMS  11.1  Introduction  11.2  Limitations of Traditional File Systems  11.3  File System Clustering (Sun-FFS)  11.4  The Journaling Approach  11.5  Log-Structured File Systems  1l.6  The 4.4BSD Log-Structured File System  11.7  Metedata Logging  11.8  The Episode File System  11.9  Watchdogs  11.10 The 4.4BSD Portal File System  11.11 Stackable File System Layers  11.12  The 4.4BSD File System Interface  11.13  Summary  11.14  Exercises  11.15  References12  KERNEL MEMORY ALLOCATION  12.1  Introduction  12.2  Functional Requirements  12.3  Resource Map Allocator  12.4  Simple Power-of-Two Free Lists  12.5  The McKusick-Karels Allocator  12.6  The Buddy System  12.7  The SVR4 Lazy Buddy Algorithm  12.8  The Mach-OSF/1 Zone Allocator  12.9  A Hierarchical Allocator for Multiprocessors  12.10  The Solaris 2.4 Slab Allocator  12.11  Summary  12.12  Exercises  12.13  References13  VIRTUAL MEMORY  13.1  Introduction  13.2  Demand Paging  13.3  Hardware Requirements  13.4  4.3BSD- A Case Study  13.5  4.3BSD Memory Management Operations  13.6  Analysis  13.7  Exercises  13.8  References14  THE SVR4 VM ARCHITECTURE  14.1  Motivation  14.2  Memory-Mapped Files  14.3  VM Design Principles  14.4  Fundamental Abstractions  14.5  Segment Drivers  14.6  The Swap Layer  14.7  VM Operations  14.8  Interaction with the Vnode Subsystem  14.9  Virtual Swap Space in Solaris  14.10  Analysis  14.11  Performance Improvements  14.12  Summary  14.13  Exercises  14.14  References15  MORE MEMORY MANAGEMENT TOPICS  15.1  Introduction  15.2  Mach Memory Management Design  15.3  Memory Sharing Facilities  15.4  Memory Objects and Pagers  15.5  External and Internal Pagers  15.6  Page Replacement  15.7  Analysis  15.8  Memory Management in 4.4BSD  15.9  Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) Consistency  15.10  TLB Shootdown in Mach  15.11  TLB Consistency in SVR4 and SVR4.2 UNIX  15.12  Other TLB Consistency Algorithms  15.13  Virtually Addressed Caches  15.14  Exercises  15.15  References16  DEVICE DRIVERS AND I/O  16.1   Introduction  16.2  Overview  16.3  Device Driver Framework  16.4  The I/O Subsystem  16.5  The poll System Call  16.6  Block I/O  16.7  The DDI/DKI Specification  16.8  Newer SVR4 Releases  16.9  Future Directions  16.10  Summary  16.11  Exercises  16.12  References17  STREAMS  17.1  Motivation  17.2  Overview  17.3  Messages and Queues  17.4  Stream I/O  17.5  Configuration and Setup  17.6  STREAMS ioctls  17.7  Memory Allocation  17.8  Multiplexing  17.9  FIFOs and Pipes  17.10  Networking Interfaces  17.11  Summary  17.12  Exercises  17.13  ReferencesIndex

媒體關(guān)注與評論

　　“Vahalia在本書中對各種UNIX系統(tǒng)進行了獨到全面的對比剖析?！薄　　狿eter H.Salus，Computing Systems雜志執(zhí)行編輯　　“本書為任何需要了解UNIX操作系統(tǒng)各種變體之區(qū)別的人士所必備?！薄　　狹argo Seltzer，哈佛大學　　本書提供了最新和最全面的UNIX系統(tǒng)技術(shù)內(nèi)幕資料。本書為專業(yè)的UNIX程序員、系統(tǒng)管理員和計算機科學系學生編寫，它深入討論了UNIX的開發(fā)技術(shù)和原理，而且非常易于學習參考。本書涵蓋的內(nèi)容包括體現(xiàn)了20世紀90年代UNIX系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)特色的多項技術(shù)：多線程內(nèi)核、多處理機和實時系統(tǒng)以及分布式文件系統(tǒng)?！　”緯疾炝爽F(xiàn)代UNIX系統(tǒng)的最新發(fā)展，比較分析了由最重要的UNIX系統(tǒng)和變體所提供的最新特性，這些系統(tǒng)包括：SVR4.x\Solaris和SunOS、Digital UNIX、4.4 BSD、 Mach和OSF/1。　　作者在書中討論了內(nèi)核的幾個重要組成部分，比較了它們在幾種不同UNIX變體中的設(shè)計，論述了其間的諸多權(quán)衡考慮，并且介紹了已被廣泛采用的那些特性。本書通過突出強調(diào)實用性，對實現(xiàn)細節(jié)進行了詳盡的闡述。UNIX愛好者不應該錯過本書。　　Uresh Vahalia曾為幾種UNIX變體開發(fā)過內(nèi)核中的子系統(tǒng)。他在許多大學，企業(yè)里，以及會議上講授過UNIX內(nèi)核技術(shù)。目前他正在為EMC公司開發(fā)高性能的文件和視頻服務器。

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