工程制圖

前言

設(shè)計(jì)是建筑物建造的必需條件。首先，建筑物必須在方案圖和施工圖上呈現(xiàn)出來。通常情況下，設(shè)計(jì)的第一階段是方案草圖設(shè)計(jì)，如設(shè)計(jì)簡圖或者透視圖，其目的是確定建筑物的形式和設(shè)計(jì)方案。本書介紹的內(nèi)容是在第一階段已完成之后才開始進(jìn)行的工作。在接下來的時(shí)間里，首先是將設(shè)計(jì)簡圖轉(zhuǎn)化成具有精確幾何比例的設(shè)計(jì)圖：工程圖紙。工程圖紙描述了在設(shè)計(jì)或者施工過程中將出現(xiàn)的情況及其詳細(xì)過程，是建筑物建造過程中必不可少的資源。這套基礎(chǔ)教材旨在從教學(xué)目的出發(fā)，以一種適應(yīng)練習(xí)的方式來給出內(nèi)容。我們將向讀者介紹建筑學(xué)中不同專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容，并以一種簡潔、系統(tǒng)的方式來講述這些基礎(chǔ)知識。本書面向建筑學(xué)和土木工程專業(yè)的低年級學(xué)生，以及初學(xué)建筑制圖和工程制圖的讀者，尤其是大學(xué)課程對工程制圖要求進(jìn)行相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)知識的準(zhǔn)備，而學(xué)生必須通過自學(xué)來得到這些基礎(chǔ)知識。其中的難點(diǎn)在于規(guī)范建筑制圖的大量的ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而這些國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大部分是基于德國的DIN標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(例如紙張的版式)。然而，如果不注意這些通常的規(guī)則，就沒有正確的途徑來準(zhǔn)備和開展設(shè)計(jì)或者制圖工作。建筑制圖始終是個(gè)人設(shè)計(jì)的一種自我表現(xiàn)，具有個(gè)人的格調(diào)。

內(nèi)容概要

　　設(shè)計(jì)是建筑物建造的必需條件。首先，建筑物必須在方案圖和施工圖上呈現(xiàn)出來。通常情況下，設(shè)計(jì)的第一階段是方案草圖設(shè)計(jì)，如設(shè)計(jì)簡圖或者透視圖，其目的是確定建筑物的形式和設(shè)計(jì)方案。本書介紹的內(nèi)容是在第一階段已完成之后才開始進(jìn)行的工作。在接下來的時(shí)間里，首先是將設(shè)計(jì)簡圖轉(zhuǎn)化成具有精確幾何比例的設(shè)計(jì)圖：工程圖紙。工程圖紙描述了在設(shè)計(jì)或者施工過程中將出現(xiàn)的情況及其詳細(xì)過程，是建筑物建造過程中必不可少的資源?！　∵@套基礎(chǔ)教材旨在從教學(xué)目的出發(fā)，以一種適應(yīng)練習(xí)的方式來給出內(nèi)容。我們將向讀者介紹建筑學(xué)中不同專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容，并以一種簡潔、系統(tǒng)的方式來講述這些基礎(chǔ)知識。　　本書面向建筑學(xué)和土木工程專業(yè)的低年級學(xué)生，以及初學(xué)建筑制圖和工程制圖的讀者，尤其是大學(xué)課程對工程制圖要求進(jìn)行相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)知識的準(zhǔn)備，而學(xué)生必須通過自學(xué)來得到這些基礎(chǔ)知識。其中的難點(diǎn)在于規(guī)范建筑制圖的大量的ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而這些國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大部分是基于德國的DIN標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（例如紙張的版式）。然而，如果不注意這些通常的規(guī)則，就沒有正確的途徑來準(zhǔn)備和開展設(shè)計(jì)或者制圖工作。建筑制圖始終是個(gè)人設(shè)計(jì)的一種自我表現(xiàn)，具有個(gè)人的格調(diào)。

作者簡介

作者：(德國)貝爾特·比勒費(fèi)爾德 (西班牙)伊莎貝拉·斯奇巴 譯者：吳寒亮 何瑋珂

書籍目錄

序投影分類俯視圖（屋頂平面圖）平面圖立面圖剖面圖三維視圖表現(xiàn)原則輔助工具圖紙規(guī)格和類型比例圖形填充文字標(biāo)注尺寸標(biāo)注制圖步驟定項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)初步設(shè)計(jì)圖表現(xiàn)圖設(shè)計(jì)圖紙?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)許可施工圖專業(yè)圖紙圖紙的表現(xiàn)方法圖紙的組成圖簽圖紙布局附錄符號標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：It forms the zero line of the section, i.e. the entrance level for the building. All heights are developed vertically upwards on this line （upper floors） and downwards （basement floors）: to do this, the edges of the intersected walls are simply extended to an appropriate level in relation to the zero line. El- evations should be constructed only on the basis of the heights marked in the sections. It is simplest to trace the external outlines of the sections and add windows, doors and ground connections by placing plan views underneath.The aim of the preliminary planning is to clarify and illustrate the cuhature of the building, the distribution of space and the way the build- ing fits in with its surroundings, in terms of a provisional arrangement and provisional dimensions. Structural elements are usually presented without indication of materials, so that at first it is only possible to identify which elements are intersected.In elevations, all the visible edges are represented by an unbroken line. The thickness of the unbroken line depends on scale, relevance （walls are more important than a door handle, for example） and the degree of de- tailing in the building. Thus, the outlines of the external walls and their apertures are emphasized most strongly.Finishing details such as toilets, kitchen or furniture are given in top view and elevation, to illustrate the design. Furnishings are important to inexperienced clients as a yardstick for size ratios in housing construction in particular, so that they can understand proportions and the size of rooms.Representing trees, people and the external areas clarifies how the building fits into its surroundings while providing a background that does not conceal information. Proportions and scale can he conveyed better by showing objects whose size or proportions are f~miliar even to the unprac- tised eye. This is called establishing scale, and the individual items are scale-establishing objects. These "extras" are mostly used only at the preliminary and design stages, and for competition and presentation draw- ings.Dimensioning is restricted to rough measurements in preliminary design planning. In plan views, external dimensions and important room dimensions are given in order to make room sizes and overall measurements comprehensible, Individual projections and recesses, and door and window apertures, are not usually dimensioned.In elevations, only important height dimensions such as eaves and ridge height are given; in sections the room or floor heights appear as well.Labelling is also restricted to simple identification of rooms by function and the estimated areas of the rooms in. square metres.

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《工程制圖(中英文對照)》為國外高等院校土建學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)教材。

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