深入理解計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)

內(nèi)容概要

　　《深入理解計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)（英文版·第2版）》是將計算機(jī)軟件和硬件理論結(jié)合講述的經(jīng)典教程，內(nèi)容覆蓋計算機(jī)導(dǎo)論、體系結(jié)構(gòu)和處理器設(shè)計等多門課程?！渡钊肜斫庥嬎銠C(jī)系統(tǒng)（英文版·第2版）》的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是為程序員描述計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)，通過描述程序是如何映射到系統(tǒng)上，以及程序是如何執(zhí)行的，使讀者更好地理解程序的行為為什么是這樣的，以及造成效率低下的原因?！　∠鄬τ诘?版，本版主要是反映了過去十年間硬件技術(shù)和編譯器的變化，具體更新如下：　　對系統(tǒng)的介紹（特別是實(shí)際使用部分）做了增加和修改。例如，既保持了原有的針對32位系統(tǒng)的說明，又增加了對64位系統(tǒng)的描述?！　≡黾恿撕芏嚓P(guān)于由算術(shù)運(yùn)算溢出以及緩沖區(qū)溢出造成安全漏洞的內(nèi)容?！　「敿?xì)講述了處理器對異常的發(fā)現(xiàn)和處理?！　∶枋隽嘶贗ntelCorei7處理器的存儲器層次結(jié)構(gòu)，還增加了固態(tài)硬盤的內(nèi)容?！　?qiáng)調(diào)并發(fā)性.增加了關(guān)于并發(fā)性一般原則的內(nèi)容。

作者簡介

作者：（美國）布萊恩特（Randal E.Bryant） （美國）奧哈拉倫（David R.O'Hallaron）布萊恩特（Randal E.Bryant），1973年獲得密歇根大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，隨即就讀麻省理工學(xué)院的研究生院，并在1981年獲得計算機(jī)博士學(xué)位。從1984年至今一直任教于卡內(nèi)基-梅隆大學(xué)，現(xiàn)在是卡內(nèi)基－梅隆大學(xué)計算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)院院長、教授，同時受邀任教于工學(xué)院電子與計算機(jī)工程系。他還是ACM院士、IEEE院士和美國國家工程院院士。其研究成果獲得過數(shù)項大獎，其中包括Semiconductor Researh Corporation頒發(fā)的兩個發(fā)明榮譽(yù)獎和一個技術(shù)成就獎，ACM頒發(fā)的Kanellakis理論與實(shí)踐獎，還有IEEE頒發(fā)的W.R.G.Baker獎、Emmanuel Piere獎和Phil Kaufman獎。奧哈拉倫（David R.O'Hallaron），擁有弗吉尼亞大學(xué)計算機(jī)科學(xué)博士學(xué)位，現(xiàn)為Intel匹茲堡實(shí)驗室主任，卡內(nèi)基－梅隆大學(xué)計算機(jī)科學(xué)和電子與計算機(jī)工程副教授，他曾獲得卡內(nèi)基-梅隆大學(xué)計算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)院頒發(fā)的Herbert Simon杰出教學(xué)獎，并同Quake項目中其他成員一起獲得了高性能計算領(lǐng)域中的最高國際獎項——Gordon Bell獎。

書籍目錄

出版者的話前言節(jié)選Preface1 About the AuthorsA Tour of Computer Systems1.1 Information Is Bits + Context1.2 Programs Are Translated by Other Programs into Different Forms1.3 It Pays to Understand How Compilation Systems Work1.4 Processors Read and Interpret Instructions Stored in Memory1.4.1 Hardware Organization of a System1.4.2 Running the hello Program1.5 Caches Matter1.6 Storage Devices Form a Hierarchy1.7 The Operating System Manages the Hardware1.7.1 Processes1.7.2 Threads1.7.3 Virtual Memory1.7.4 Files1.8 Systems Communicate with Other Systems Using Networks1.9 Important Themes1.9.1 Concurrency and Parallelism1.9.2 The Importance of Abstractions in Computer Systems1.10 SummaryBibliographic NotesPart I Program Structure and Execution2 Representing and Manipulating Information2.1 Information Storage2.1.1 Hexadecimal Notation2.1.2 Words2.1.3 Data Sizes2.1.4 Addressing and Byte Ordering2.1.5 Representing Strings2.1.6 Representing Code2.1.7 Introduction to Boolean Algebra2.1.8 Bit-Level Operations in C2.1.9 Logical Operations in C2.1.10 Shift Operations in C2.2 Integer Representations2.2.1 Integral Data Types2.2.2 Unsigned Encodings2.2.3 Two's-Complement Encodings2.2.4 Conversions Between Signed and Unsigned2.2.5 Signed vs. Unsigned in C2.2.6 Expanding the Bit Representation of a Number2.2.7 Truncating Numbers2.2.8 Advice on Signed vs. Unsigned2.3 Integer Arithmetic2.3.1 Unsigned Addition2.3.2 Two's-Complement Addition2.3.3 Two's-Complement Negation2.3.4 Unsigned Multiplication2.3.5 Two's-Complement Multiplication2.3.6 Multiplying by Constants2.3.7 Dividing by Powers of Two2.3.8 Final Thoughts on Integer Arithmetic2.4 Floating Point2.4.1 Fractional Binary Numbers2.4.2 IEEE Floating-Point Representation2.4.3 Example Numbers2.4.4 Rounding2.4.5 Floating-Point Operations2.4.6 Floating Point in C2.5 SummaryBibliographic NotesHomework ProblemsSolutions to Practice Problems3 Machine-Level Representation of Programs3.1 A Historical Perspective3.2 Program Encodings4 Processor Architecture5 Optimizing Program Performance6 The Memory Hierarchy7 Linking8 Exceptional Control Flow9 Virtual Memory10 System-Leve I/O11 Network Programming12 Concurrent ProgrammingA Error Handling

章節(jié)摘錄

版權(quán)頁：插圖：On the operating system side, we have introduced three abstractions: files asan abstraction of I/O, virtual memory as an abstraction of program memory, andprocesses as an abstraction of a running program. To these abstractions we adda new one: the virtual machine, providing an abstraction of the entire computer,including the operating system, the processor, and the programs. The idea of avirtual machine was introduced by IBM in the 1960s, but it has become moreprominent recently as a way to manage computers that must be able to runprograms designed for multiple operating systems （such as Microsoft Windows,MacOS, and Linux） or different versions of the same operating system.We will return to these abstractions in subsequent sections of the book.1.10  SummaryA computer system consists of hardware and systems software that cooperateto run application programs. Information inside the computer is represented asgroups of bits that are interpreted in different ways, depending on the context.Programs are translated by other programs into different forms, beginning asASCII text and then translated by compilers and linkers into binary executablefiles.Processors read and interpret binary instructions that are stored in mainmemory. Since computers spend most of their time copying data between memory,I/O devices, and the CPU registers, the storage devices in a system are arrangedin a hierarchy, with the CPU registers at the top, followed by multiple levelsof hardware cache memories, DRAM main memory, and disk storage. Storagedevices that are higher in the hierarchy are faster and more costly per bit thanthose lower in the hierarchy. Storage devices that are higher in the hierarchy serveas caches for devices that are lower in the hierarchy. Programmers can optimizethe performance of their C programs by understanding and exploiting the memoryhierarchy.

媒體關(guān)注與評論

“這是我所看過的介紹有關(guān)計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)核心內(nèi)容的最好教材之一，視角獨(dú)特，內(nèi)容豐富，系統(tǒng)性強(qiáng)，將高層的程序設(shè)計和中間層次的存儲管理、編譯優(yōu)化、鏈接等內(nèi)容，以及底層的計算機(jī)硬件多個方面有機(jī)結(jié)合起來，深刻揭示了計算機(jī)硬件和軟件之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。它是一本值得計算機(jī)專業(yè)人員好好閱讀的教科書?！薄　　?風(fēng)南京大學(xué)“自2002年本書剛出版起，我就嘗試將其作為本科生教材，迄今已先后教授十屆學(xué)生，始終深受學(xué)生喜愛。本書最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)就在于采用了全新的視角安排教學(xué)內(nèi)容，克服了傳統(tǒng)教材割裂軟、硬件之間聯(lián)系的局限，同時采用主流的x86／Linux作為實(shí)例，很好地實(shí)現(xiàn)了理論和實(shí)踐的結(jié)合。在此次全面更新的第2版中摒棄了第1版中部分不太重要或者比較瑣碎的內(nèi)容，大幅增加了最新的64位體系結(jié)構(gòu)和操作系統(tǒng)方面的內(nèi)容，突出了并發(fā)程序設(shè)計的重要性，提高了本書的時代性和適用性。全新的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代已經(jīng)來臨，傳統(tǒng)的計算機(jī)教學(xué)體系正面臨變革，本書必將成為新一輪改變的基石?！薄　　氨笥?復(fù)旦大學(xué)“2005年，我開始采用Bryant和O'hallaron的這本書作為本科生計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)課程的教材?，F(xiàn)今，這本書仍然是我的計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)課程資料書的首選?！薄　　狹irela Danlian，維拉諾瓦大學(xué)“本書表述清晰、恰到好處——舉重若輕塏呈現(xiàn)了那些非常復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容?！薄　　狪brahim Matta，波士頓大學(xué)“這是一本學(xué)習(xí)計算機(jī)硬件和軟件如何‘真正’協(xié)同工作的好書，還教會你為什么了解這些知識會便你成為一個更有價值的程序員。本書還幫你約掌習(xí)像操作系統(tǒng)和編譯器這樣的高級課程做好準(zhǔn)備。在本書中，我最喜歡的章節(jié)是關(guān)于緩存的，當(dāng)我第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)緩存有多重要時，真是難以置信！”　　——vishal shah，Ask.com總架構(gòu)師

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