制造技術(shù) 第2卷金屬切削與機(jī)床

前言

由美國(guó)北依阿華大學(xué)（University of Northern lowa）工業(yè)技術(shù)系P N Rao教授所著的《制造技術(shù)第1卷鑄造、成形和焊接》（Manufacturing Technology Volume 1 Foundry，F(xiàn)orming and Welding）和《制造技術(shù)第2卷金屬切削和機(jī)床》（Manufacturing Technology Volume 2 Metal Cutting andMachine Tools）已經(jīng)分別出版到第3版和第2版，它們已經(jīng)被國(guó)外多所大學(xué)選為工程類本科學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)制造技術(shù)的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)教科書。幾年前，作為國(guó)外優(yōu)秀原版教材，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社引進(jìn)出版了該書的前一個(gè)版本，國(guó)內(nèi)部分高校已經(jīng)采用它們作為“工程材料及成形技術(shù)”、“機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)”或“制造工程基礎(chǔ)（包括成形加工和切削加工）”等機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化類專業(yè)核心課程的教材或主要教學(xué)參考書。該書的引進(jìn)出版和教學(xué)應(yīng)用，對(duì)于促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)機(jī)械工程本科教學(xué)中更新教材、教學(xué)研究和雙語教學(xué)等工作，產(chǎn)生了積極的重要作用。以使用本教材的教師和學(xué)生的反饋信息為基礎(chǔ)，最新出版的這兩卷書對(duì)第1卷的主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了大幅度地修訂，也對(duì)第2卷的部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了調(diào)整和補(bǔ)充，從而使全書內(nèi)容能夠盡可能地反映出制造工藝與裝備技術(shù)的新進(jìn)展，使各章節(jié)內(nèi)容更加簡(jiǎn)明和緊湊，從而更加便于教師和學(xué)生使用。第1卷修訂后將原來的29章內(nèi)容重新組織改寫為12章，刪去了以前章節(jié)中一些重復(fù)的內(nèi)容；重新繪制了部分示意圖，使之更加清晰和易于學(xué)生理解；增加了有關(guān)抗拉試驗(yàn)、激光熱處理、快速原型等10余處內(nèi)容，重寫了釬焊的全部?jī)?nèi)容。第2卷修訂后各章標(biāo)題變化不大，只是將原書中第14章“工藝規(guī)劃”整個(gè)一章改寫為“工裝與夾具”，但在具體內(nèi)容上，也進(jìn)行了較大的修改和補(bǔ)充。第2章增加了介紹涂層硬質(zhì)合金的內(nèi)容，第3章加強(qiáng)了機(jī)床傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及作動(dòng)器方面的內(nèi)容，改寫了第11章“特種加工”的內(nèi)容，增加了水切割等新工藝方法，第15章對(duì)摩擦學(xué)方面的通用測(cè)量設(shè)備內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了更新。此外，該書還別開生面地在正文之前增加了“圖示預(yù)覽（Visual Walkthrough）”，將該章主要內(nèi)容組成，如教學(xué)目的、發(fā)展歷史、圖示范例、已解決的問題、小結(jié)、思考題和習(xí)題等，用圖示和文字做了一個(gè)概要描述，這將幫助讀者更好地利用該書各章節(jié)的內(nèi)容。通過以上修訂、補(bǔ)充和改寫，使新版本制造技術(shù)的內(nèi)容更加系統(tǒng)完整，文字更加簡(jiǎn)潔易讀，圖例更加清晰明了。本書不失為一套適用于我國(guó)高校機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化以及相關(guān)專業(yè)的優(yōu)秀英文原版教材和教學(xué)參考書，也適用于相關(guān)專業(yè)的專業(yè)英語教材，并可供機(jī)械工程和制造工程領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)技術(shù)人員學(xué)習(xí)、參考。

內(nèi)容概要

本書是一本適合于我國(guó)高校機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化以及相關(guān)專業(yè)的優(yōu)秀英文原版教材，同時(shí)也不失為一本專業(yè)的教學(xué)參考書?？捎糜谙嚓P(guān)專業(yè)的專業(yè)英語教學(xué)，并可供機(jī)械工程和制造工程領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)技術(shù)人員參考。    本書側(cè)重機(jī)械制造的基本內(nèi)容，包括涂層硬質(zhì)合金、機(jī)械加工技術(shù)、通用測(cè)量設(shè)備和特種加工技術(shù)四大部分。    將原書中第14章“工藝規(guī)劃”改寫為“工裝與夾具”    增加了介紹涂層硬質(zhì)合金的內(nèi)容。    加強(qiáng)了機(jī)床傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及作動(dòng)器方面的內(nèi)容。        改寫了第11章“特種加工”的內(nèi)容，增加了水切割等新工藝方法。    第15章對(duì)摩擦學(xué)方面的通用測(cè)量設(shè)備內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了更新。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

作者：(美國(guó))拉奧(P N Rao)

書籍目錄

出版說明 序 Preface 1. Introduction   1.1 Introduction to Material Removal Processes   1.2 Variety of Machine Tools 2. Metal Cutting   Objectives   2.1 Introduction   2.2 Chip Formation   2.3 Shear Zone   2.4 Orthogonal Cutting   2.5 Shear Angle and Its Relevance   2.6 Cutting Tool Materials   2.7 Thermal Aspects   2.8 Tool Wear and Tool Life   2.9 Surface Finish   2.10 Cutting Fluids   2.11 Empirical and Analytical Determination of Cutting Forces   2.12 Economics   Summary   References   Review Questions   Problems 3. Machine Tools   Objectives   3.1 Introduction   3.2 Classification of Machine Tools   3.3 Generating and Forming   3.4 Methods of Generating Surfaces   3.5 Accuracy and Finish Achievable   3.6 Basic Elements of Machine Tools   3.7 Support Structures   3.8 Power Transmission   3.9 Actuation Systems   3.10 Guideways   3.11 General Work Holding Methods   Summary   References   Questions 4. Centre Lathe   Objectives   4.1 Introduction   4.2 Constructional Features of a Centre Lathe   4.3 Aids for Support and Location   4.4 Cutting Tools   4.5 Operations Performed in a Centre Lathe   4.6 Taper Turning Methods   4.7 Thread-cutting Methods   4.8 Special Attachments   4.9 Machining Time and Power Estimation   4.10 Typical Setups   Summary   References   Questions   Problems 5. Special-Purpose Lathes   Objectives   5.1 Limitations of a Centre Lathe   5.2 Capstan and Turret Lathes   5.3 Automatic Lathes   5.4 Tooling Layout and CAM Design for Automatic Lathes   Summary   Questions 6. Reciprocating Machine Tools   Objectives   6.1 Introduction   6.2 Shaper   6.3 Planing Machine   6.4 Slotter   Summary   Questions   Problems 7. Milling   Objectives   7.1 Introduction   7.2 Types of Milling Machines   7.3 Milling Cutters   7.4 Milling Operations   7.5 Dividing Head   7.6 Milling Mechanics   7.7 Milling Time and Power Estimation   7.8 Special Setups   Summary   Questions   Problems 8. Hole-Making Operations   Objectives   8.1 Introduction   8.2 Drilling   8.3 Reaming   8.4 Boring   8.5 Tapping   8.6 Other Hole-making Operations   Summary   Questions   Problems 9. Abrasive Processes   Objectives   9.1 Introduction   9.2 Grinding Wheel Designation and Selection   9.3 Types of Grinding Machines   9.4 Grinding Process   9.5 Grinding Process Parameters   9.6 Creep Feed Grinding   9.7 Honing   9.8 Lapping   9.9 Other Finishing Processes   Summary   Questions   Problems 10. Other Machine Tools   Objectives   10.1 Sawing   10.2 Broaching   10.3 Gear Cutting   Summary   Questions 11. Unconventional Machining Processes   Objectives   11.1 Need for Unconventional Processes   11.2 Electric Discharge Machining   11.3 Electro-chemical Machining   11.4 Ultrasonic Machining   11.5 Chemical Machining   11.6 Laser Beam Machining   11.7 Abrasive Water Jet Machining   Summary   References   Questions 12. Machine Tool Testing   Objectives   12.1 Introduction   12.2 Measuring Instruments Used for Testing   12.3 Test Procedures   12.4 Acceptance Tests   Summary 13. Designing for Machining   Objectives   13.1 Introduction   13.2 General Guidelines for Design for Machining   13.3 Design for Turning   13.4 Design for Hole Making Operations   Summary 14. Jigs and Fixtures   Objectives   14.1 Introduction   14.2 Functional Surfaces   14.3 Location Principles   14.4 Locating Devices   14.5 Clamping Devices   14.6 Jigs   14.7 Designing a Jig   14.8 Fixtures   Summary   Questions 15. Metrology   Objectives   15.1 Introduction   15.2 Tolerances, Limits and Fits   15.3 Linear Measurement   15.4 Angular Measurement   15.5 Thread Measurement   15.6 Surface Texture   15.7 Gauges and Gauge Design   Summary   Questions 16. Numerical Control of Machine Tools   Objectives   16.1 Introduction   16.2 Numerical Control   16.3 NC Machine Tools   16.4 Part Programming Fundamentals   16.5 Manual Part Programming Methods   16.6 Computer Aided Part Programming   Summary   Questions Problems Index 讀者信息反饋表

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：Types of cutting fluids There are three basic types of cutting fluids used in metal cutting. They are Water based emulsions Pure water is by far the best cutting fluid available because of its highest heat carrying capacity （high specific heat）. Besides this, it is cheap and easily available. Its low viscosity makes it flow at high rates through the cutting fluid system and penetrate the cutting zone. However, water corrodes the work material very quickly, particularly at high temperatures prevalent in the cutting zone as well as the machine tool parts on which it is likely to spill.Hence, other materials are added to water to improve its wetting characteristics, rust inhibitors, and any other additives to improve lubrication characteristics. These are also called water soluble oils. The concentrated oil is normally diluted in water to any desired concentration, such as 30 : 1 to 80 : 1. Straight Mineral oils These are the pure mineral oils without any additives. Their main function is lubrication and rust prevention. These are chemically stable and lower in cost. However, their effectiveness as cutting fluids is limited and therefore would be used for light duty application only. Mineral oils with additives （Neat oils） This is by far the largest variety of cutting fluids available commercially. A number of additives have been developed, which when added to the mineral oils would produce the desirable characteristics for the different machining situations. Many difficult to machine situations would be helped by the use of these cutting fluids. These are generally termed as neat oils.The additives generally improve the load carrying capacity as well as chemical activity. Fatty oils are generally used for adding the load carrying properties. Other class of additives termed as EP （Extreme Pressure） additives are used for more difficult to machine situations. These EP agents come into effect whenever minute highspots on the mating surfaces break through the oil film, and rub together to set up localised high temperature spots. This high temperature causes the EP additives to react with the adjacent metals, and create an anti-welding layer of solid lubricant, precisely where it is required. The layer is continuously broken by the severe rubbing action between the chip and the tool.EP additives are basically chlorine or sulphur, or a combination of both of them. As a result, the anti- welding compounds formed in the cutting zone are iron chloride and iron sulphide, both of which have very low shear strengths.

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