制造技術第1卷 鑄造、成形和焊接

前言

由美國北依阿華大學（University of Northern lowa）工業(yè)技術系P N Rao教授所著的《制造技術第1卷鑄造、成形和焊接》（Manufacturing Technology Volume 1 Foundry，F(xiàn)orming and Welding）和《制造技術第2卷金屬切削和機床》（Manufacturing Technology Volume 2 Metal Cutting and Matchine Tools）已經分別出版到第3版和第2版，它們已經被國外多所大學選為工程類本科學生學習制造技術的專業(yè)基礎教科書。幾年前，作為國外優(yōu)秀原版教材，機械工業(yè)出版社引進出版了該書的前一個版本，國內部分高校已經采用它們作為“工程材料及成形技術”、“機械制造技術基礎”或“制造工程基礎（包括成形加工和切削加工）”等機械工程及自動化類專業(yè)核心課程的教材或主要教學參考書。該書的引進出版和教學應用，對于促進國內機械工程本科教學中更新教材、教學研究和雙語教學等工作，產生了重要作用。以使用本教材的教師和學生的反饋信息為基礎，最新出版的這兩卷書對第1卷的主要內容進行了大幅度的修訂，也對第2卷的部分內容進行了調整和補充，從而使全書內容能夠盡可能地反映出制造工藝與裝備技術的新進展，使各章節(jié)內容更加簡明和緊湊，從而更加便于教師和學生使用。第1卷修訂后將原來的29章內容重新組織改寫為12章，刪去了以前章節(jié)中一些重復的內容；重新繪制了部分示意圖，使之更加清晰和易于學生理解；增加了有關抗拉試驗、激光熱處理、快速原型等10余處內容，重寫了釬焊的全部內容。第2卷修訂后各章標題變化不大，只是將原書中第14章“工藝規(guī)劃”整個一章改寫為“工裝與夾具”，但在具體內容上，也進行了較大的修改和補充。第2章增加了介紹涂層硬質合金的內容，第3章加強了機床傳動系統(tǒng)及作動器方面的內容，改寫了第11章“特種加工”的內容，增加了水切割等新工藝方法，第15章對摩擦學方面的通用測量設備內容進行了更新。此外，該書還別開生面地在正文之前增加了“圖示預覽（Visual Walkthrough）”，將該章主要內容組成，如教學目的、發(fā)展歷史、圖示范例、已解決的問題、小結、思考題和習題等，用圖示和文字做了一個概要描述，這將幫助讀者更好地利用該書各章節(jié)的內容。通過以上修訂、補充和改寫，新版本制造技術的內容更加系統(tǒng)完整，文字更加簡潔易讀，圖例更加清晰明了。

內容概要

本書是一本適合于我國高校機械工程及自動化以及相關專業(yè)的優(yōu)秀英文原版教材，同時也不失為一本專業(yè)的教學參考書，可用于相關專業(yè)的專業(yè)英語教學，并可供機械工程和制造工程領域的專業(yè)技術人員參考。　　·本書側重機械制造的基本內容，包括工程材料及性能、金屬鑄造生產過程、金屬成形過程和焊接生產四大部分?！　　っ空潞蠖加辛曨}及參考文獻，便于學生自學自查?！　　づc上一版本相比，本版將原來的29章內容歸納、整理為12章，語言更加精煉?！　　ぴ黾恿丝估瓕嶒?、激光熱處理、快速原型等十余處內容，使知識點更為豐富。

作者簡介

作者：(美國)拉奧(P N Rao)

書籍目錄

出版說明 序 Preface 1 Introduction 　Objectives 　　1.1 Manufacturing Processes 　　1.2 Break-Even Analysis 　Summary 　Questions 　Problems 2 Engineering Materials 　Objectives 　　2.1 Engineering Properties 　　2.2 Ferrous Materials 　　2.3 Non-Ferrous Materials 　　2.4 Heat Treatment of Metals 　Summary 　Questions 3 Metal-Casting Processes 　Objectives 　　3.1 Introduction 　　3.2 Patterns 　　3.3 Moulding Materials 　　3.4 Cores 　Summary 　Questions 　Problems 4 Gating Systems for Casting 　Objectives 　　4.1 Introduction 　　4.2 Gating System Design 　　4.3 Risering Design 　Summary 　Questions 　Problems 5 Melting and Casting Quality 　Objectives 　　5.1 Melting Practices 　　5.2 Casting Cleaning 　　5.3 Casting Defects 　　5.4 Product Design for Sand Castings 　Summary 　Questions 　Problems 6 Spectial Casting Processes 　Objectives 　　6.1 Shell Moulding 　　6.2 Precision Investment Casting 　　6.3 Permanent Mould Casting 　　6.4 Die Casting 　　6.5 Vacuum Die Casting 　　6.6 Low-Pressure Die Casting 　　6.7 Centrifugal Casting 　　6.8 Continuous Casting 　　6.9 Squeeze Casting 　Summary 　Questions 7 Metal-Forming Processes 　Objectives 　　7.1 Nature of Plastic Deformation 　　7.2 Rolling 　　7.3 Forging 　　7.4 Extrusion 　　7.5 Wire Drawing 　　7.6 Rod and Tube Drawing 　　7.7 Swaging 　　　　7.8 Tube Making 　Summary 　Questions 8 Sheet-Metal Operations 　Objectives 　　8.1 Press Tool Operations 　　8.2 Shearing Action 　　8.3 Shearing Operations 　　8.4 Drawing 　　8.5 Draw Die Design 　　8.6 Spinning 　　8.7 Bending 　　8.8 Stretch Forming 　　8.9 Embossing and Coining 　　8.10 Sheet Metal Die Design 　Summary 　Questions 　Problems 9.Welding processes 　Objectives 　　9.1 Fabrication Methods 　　9.2 Gas Welding 　　9.3 Gas Cutting 　　9.4 Electric-Arc Welding 　　9.5 Arc Cutting 　　9.6 Resistance Welding 　　9.7 Welding Design 　Summary 　Questions 　Problems 10.Other Fabrication Processes 　Objectives 　　10.1 Thermit Welding 　　10.2 Electro Slag Welding 　　10.3 Electron Beam Welding 　　10.4 Laser Beam Welding 　　10.5 Forge Welding 　　10.6 Friction Welding 　　10.7 Diffusion Welding 　　10.8 Explosion Welding 　　10.9 Brazing 　　10.10 Braze Welding 　　10.11 Soldering 　Summary 　Questions 11.Powder Metallurgy 　Objectives 　　11.1 Introduction 　　11.2 Production of Metallic Powder 　　11.3 Processing Methods 　　11.4 Advantages and Disadvantages 　　11.5 Other Compaction Methods 　　11.6 Designing For P/M 　Summary 　Questions 12.Plastic Processing 　Objectives 　　12.1 Introduction 　　12.2 Plastic Materials 　　12.3 Extrusion of Plastics 　　12.4 Injection Moulding 　　12.5 Blow Moulding 　　　　12.6 Thermoforming 　　12.7 Thermosetting Materials 　　12.8 Plastic Product Design 　Summary 　Questions 　Bibliography 讀者信息反饋表

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：Low Carbon Steel This is generally known as 'soft' or mild steel. It is used where ductility and softness are important and high tensile strength is not required. These are tough but not resistant to wear, since these are soft, can be very easily formed and later can be carburized to increase the hardness and wear resistance.Low-carbon steels are used for such operations as spinning, cold bending, rivetting, swaging, etc. These are not responsive to normal heat treatment but for case hardening. They form the largest percentage of steel produced, being the cheapest engineering material. Products such as screws, nails, nuts, bolts, washers, wire fences, light and heavy structural members, machine parts, forged parts can be made from low-carbon steel. It is also used for tin plate and automobile body sheet. It is available in form of sheets, squares, rounds, plates, and wires.Medium Carbon Steel They are less ductile but harder and have greater tensile strength than low-carbon steels. They also have better machining qualities and are more responsive to heat treatment.These are widely used in the industry. Medium carbon steels are used for making shafts, connecting rods, spindles, rail axles, gears, turbine bucket wheels, steering arms and other machine parts requiring medium strength and wear-resisting surfaces.High Carbon Steel They have higher tensile strength and are harder than other plain- carbon steels. They also readily respond to heat treatment. These are used for making hand tools such as wrenches, chisels, punches, files, cutting tools such as drills, wood-working tools, railroad wheels, rails, bars for reinforcing of concrete, etc.Effect of Small Quantities of Other Elements In addition to carbon, the plain carbon steels contain small quantities of other elements more as impurities. They affect the properties in the following way.Sulphur Iron forms iron sulphide, FES with sulphur which solidifies along the grain boundaries making the steel brittle and lowers hot working properties such as ductility. If equal amount of manganese is present in the steel then manganese sulphide, MnS, forms and the harmful effects of sulphur are reduced. It is generally recommended that manganese should at least be 3 times that of sulphur. However, very small quantities （0.075 to 0.15%） that are generally present contribute to the better machinability.Phosphorous Phosphorous in small amounts increases the strength and hardness of steels. Most of the steels contain a very small percentage of about 0.05% phosphorous.

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