計算機專業(yè)英語

前言

　　本書以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的實際技能為目標，具體內(nèi)容緊跟IT領(lǐng)域新技術(shù)的發(fā)展，力求提高計算機相關(guān)專業(yè)學(xué)生的英語閱讀和翻譯能力，使讀者能從英文原版資料中汲取知識營養(yǎng)，為目后在工作中熟練閱讀英文技術(shù)資料、利用英語解決實際問題打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)?！　”緯膬?nèi)容包括計算機基礎(chǔ)知識、計算機硬件、計算機軟件、數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)、計算機編程、軟件工程、計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)、多媒體技術(shù)、計算機相關(guān)行業(yè)工作場景及軟件外包等。書中節(jié)選的材料，不僅涵蓋了計算機領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)知識、反映IT技術(shù)最新的發(fā)展方向，還增加了IT工作環(huán)境和軟件外包等特色內(nèi)容。　　本書選材廣泛、內(nèi)容充實、新穎實用。全書共分10章，每章包括課文、閱讀材料、練習、實訓(xùn)及實用技能。課文介紹基礎(chǔ)知識及核心技術(shù)，閱讀材料說明了發(fā)展動態(tài)。實訓(xùn)包括計算機硬件的操作、軟件的安裝和卸載、數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件的使用、可視化開發(fā)工具的使用、利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索相關(guān)信息等。實用技能主要介紹求職簡歷、計算機硬件說明書及計算機軟件開發(fā)過程中所需的需求規(guī)格說明書、系統(tǒng)設(shè)計說明書、測試報告和軟件變更說明書的寫法等?！　”緯诰帉戇^程中，得到了趙泉教授的大力支持，畢叢娣教授和王海東教授提出了很多寶貴的意見，李海紅老師對全書的語法進行了校對。在此，對這些老師表示衷心的感謝。另外，還要感謝陳廣山、郭群、王永剛、裘志華、任昌榮、劉玉江、續(xù)蕾、馬明、任華新、謝宏武、孫靜、張春明、張飛俠等人的熱心幫助?！　∮捎谧髡咚接邢蓿瑫须y免存在疏漏，懇請廣大讀者提出寶貴意見。

內(nèi)容概要

本書全面系統(tǒng)地介紹了計算機相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的知識，內(nèi)容包括計算機基礎(chǔ)知識、計算機硬件、計算機軟件、數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)、計算機編程、軟件工程、計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)、多媒體技術(shù)、計算機相關(guān)行業(yè)工作場景及軟件外包等。    本書選材廣泛、內(nèi)容完整、新穎實用。每章包括課文、閱讀材料、練習、實訓(xùn)及實用技能等。實訓(xùn)內(nèi)容包括計算機硬件的操作、實用軟件的使用、數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件的使用、利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索相關(guān)信息等。實用技能主要介紹求職簡歷、計算機硬件說明書及計算機軟件開發(fā)過程中所需的各種說明書的寫法等。    本書既可作為高職高專計算機類專業(yè)的專業(yè)英語教材，也可作為廣大計算機使用者的參考書。

書籍目錄

前言Chapter 1  Computer Basics  1.1  What [s a Computer  1.2  Computer Categories  1.3  Reading Material: Personal Computer Systems  1.4  Exercises  1.5  Lab: Operating a Personal Computer  1.6  Practical Skill——如何寫英文求職簡歷Chapter 2  Computer Hardware  2.1  The Components of a Computer  2.2  Input and Output Devices    2.2.1  Basic Input Devices    2.2.2  Display Devices    2.2.3  Printers    2.2.4  Installing Peripheral Devices  2.3  Reading Material: Memory and Storage Devices    2.3.1  Random Access Memory    2.3.2  Storage Devices  2.4  Exercises  2.5  Lab: Leaming about Your Computer  2.6  Practical Skill——如何寫英文自薦信Chapter 3  Computer Software  3.1  Software Basics  3.2  Application Software    3.2.1  Document Production Software    3.2.2  Spreadsheet Software    3.2.3  Graphics Software    3.2.4  Educational and Reference Software　  3.2.5  Business Software　3.3  Reading Material: Operating System　  3.3.1  Operating System Overview　  3.3.2  Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, and Linux　  3.3.3  Handheld Operating System　3.4  Exercises　3.5  Lab: Installing and Uninstalling Sol.are　3.6　Practical Skill——如何寫產(chǎn)品使用說明書的綱要Chapter 4  Database  4.1  Database Concepts and DBMS    4.1.1  Database Concepts    4.1.2  Database Management Systems  4.2  Database Design    4.2.1  Defining Fields    4.2.2  Designing the Interface    4.2.3  Designing Report Templates    4.2.4 Loading Data  4.3  Reading Material: SQL    4.3.1  SQL Basics    4.3.2 Adding Records    4.3.3  Searching for Information    4.3.4  Updating Fields  4.4  Exercises  4.5  Lab: Working with Database Software  4.6　Practical Skill——如何寫產(chǎn)品使用說明書的具體內(nèi)容Chapter 5  Programming Language  5.1  Programming Basics    5.1.1  Computer Programming　　……Chapter 6  Software EngineeringChapter 7  Computer NetworksChapter 8  MultimediaChapter 9  Working EnvironmentChapter 10  Outsourcing參考文獻

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Most people can formulate a mental picture of a compmer, but computers do so many thingsand come in such a variety of shapes and sizes that it might seem difficult to distill their commoncharacteristics into an all-purpose definition. At its core, a computer is a device that accepts input,processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to series of stored instructions.　　Computer input is whatever is typed, submitted, or transmitted to a computer system[21. Inputcan be supplied by a person, by the environment, or by another computer. Examples of the kinds ofinput that a computer can accept include words and symbols in a document, numbers for acalculation, pictures, temperatures from a thermostat, audio signals from a microphone, andinstructions from a computer program. An input device, such as a keyboard or mouse, gathers inputand transforms it into a series of electronic Signals for the computer to store and manipulate.　　In the context of computing, data refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, and ideas[3].Computers manipulate data in many ways, and this manipulation is called processing. The series ofinstructions that tell a computer how to carry out processing tasks is referred to as a computerprogram, or simply a "program". These programs form the software that sets up a computer to do aspecific task. Some of the ways that computer can process data include performing calculations,sorting lists of words or numbers, modifying documents and pictures, and drawing graphs. In acomputer, most processing takes place in a component called the central processing unit （CPU）,which is sometimes described as the computers "brain".

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