汽車專業(yè)英語

前言

　　隨著我國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展，汽車新車型、新技術(shù)不斷涌現(xiàn)，進(jìn)口車輛不斷增加，英文原版汽車使用手冊(cè)、維修資料、檢測設(shè)備隨處可見，汽車儀表、熔絲、繼電器、傳感器等零部件也大多采用英文來標(biāo)記。汽車維修行業(yè)的變化對(duì)人員提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)和更高的要求?！　”緯木帉懩康木褪菫榱颂岣咂噷I(yè)學(xué)生和維修人員的英文閱讀水平，適應(yīng)行業(yè)發(fā)展需要?！　”緯云噷I(yè)知識(shí)和公共英語知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)，以訓(xùn)練汽車英文文獻(xiàn)的閱讀、翻譯能力為目標(biāo)，內(nèi)容涉及汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、行駛系統(tǒng)、轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、車架與車身、車身控制系統(tǒng)及車輛維護(hù)，側(cè)重新技術(shù)、新結(jié)構(gòu)的介紹。文章內(nèi)容豐富、圖文并茂、專業(yè)性強(qiáng)。全書分為14個(gè)單元，每個(gè)單元包括Text A、Test B、Exercises三部分。Text A為該單元的主要講解部分;Test B類似于閱讀材料，屬于擴(kuò)展、延伸部分。這兩部分內(nèi)容均以現(xiàn)代汽車的典型結(jié)構(gòu)和原理講解為主，文章后有單詞、詞組和難句注釋。Exercises包括課堂小問題、詞組互譯和短文翻譯，內(nèi)容與本單元相關(guān)聯(lián)，短文翻譯參考英文原版汽車使用說明書和維修手冊(cè)，涉及拆裝、維修、檢測、故障診斷等方面的知識(shí)，以幫助讀者進(jìn)一步提高專業(yè)英語運(yùn)用能力。

內(nèi)容概要

本書以汽車專業(yè)知識(shí)和公共英語知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)，著重培養(yǎng)和提高讀者閱讀、翻譯汽車英文書籍和文獻(xiàn)的能力，以適應(yīng)行業(yè)發(fā)展的需要。全書共分為14個(gè)單元，內(nèi)容涉及汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、行駛系統(tǒng)、轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、車架與車身、車身控制系統(tǒng)及車輛維護(hù)，側(cè)重新技術(shù)、新結(jié)構(gòu)的介紹。遴選的文章內(nèi)容豐富、圖文并茂、專業(yè)性強(qiáng)。　　本書可作為高等職業(yè)院校汽車相關(guān)專業(yè)教學(xué)用書，亦可作為其他汽車技術(shù)學(xué)校、汽車修理技術(shù)培訓(xùn)的參考書。

書籍目錄

Unit 1  Engine Operating Principle　Text A  Four-stroke Engine　Text B  Two-stroke Engine　ExercisesUnit 2  Engine Technology　Text A  Piston Connecting Rods and Crankshaft　Text B  Valve System　ExercisesUnit 3  Fuel System　Text A  Fuel Injection System　Text B  Fuel Delivery System　ExercisesUnit 4  Engine Ignition System　Text A  Ignition System Principle　Text B  Ignition System Structure　ExercisesUnit 5  Cooling System　Text A  Cooling System Principle　Text B  The Components of Cooling System　ExercisesUnit 6  Engine Charging and Starting System　Text A  Charging System　Text B  Starting System　ExercisesUnit 7  The Power Train　Test A  Clutch and Manual Transmission　Text B  Propeller Shafts and Differential　Exercises  Unit 8  Automatic Transmission　Text A  Automatic Transmission　Text B  Continuously Variable Transmission　ExercisesUnit 9  Automobile Suspension System　Text A  Suspension System　Text B  Wheel Alignment　ExercisesUnit 10  Automobile Steering System　Text A  Steering System　Text B  Power Steering　ExercisesUnit 11  Automobile Brake System　Text A  Brake System　Text B  Anti-lock Brake System　ExercisesUnit 12  Automobile Frame and Body　Text A  Automobile Frame　Text B  Automobile Body　ExercisesUnit 13  Body Power Control System　Text A  Power Door Locks and Power Windows   　Text B  Windshield Wiper　Exercises  Unit 14  Car Maintenance　Text A  Basic Car Maintenance　Text B  On Board Diagnostics　ExercisesAppendix A  VocabularyAppendix B  Automobile LabelReference

章節(jié)摘錄

　　The output shaft connects the driving components in the transmission with the drive shaft.This shaft runs in the same centerline as the input shaft. Its front end almost touches the inputshaft.Planetary GearsA planetary gearset consists ofa sun gear, several planet gears, aplanet gear carrier, and a ring gear.A simple planetary gearset is shownin Fig. 8-4.The name planetary gearset iseasy to remember because it refersto our solar system.　 Just　as　ourplanets （Earth, Jupiter, Mars） cir-cle the sun, the planet gears revolvearound the sun gear［4］As you can see,　a planetarygearset is always in mesh. It is very strong and compact. An automatic transmission will commonlyuse two or more planetary gearsets.By holding or releasing tbe components of a planetary gearset, it is possible to:Reduce output speed and increase torque （gear reduction）.Increase output speed while lowering torque （overdrive）.Reverse output direction （reverse gear）.Serve as a solid unit to transfer power （one to one ratio）.Freewheel to stop power flow （park or neutral）.Hydraulic SystemThe hydraulic system for an automatic transmission typically consists of a pump, pressure reg-ulator, manual valve, vacuum modulator valve, governor valve, shift valves, servos, pistons, andvalve body. These parts work together to form the brain（sensing） and muscles（control） ofan automatic transmission.The hydraulic system also forces oil to high friction points in the transmission. This preventswear and overheating by lubricating the moving parts.Ignition CoilThe ignition coil is nothing more than an electrical transformer. It contains both primary andsecondary winding circuits. The coil primary winding contains 100 to 150 turns of heavy copperwire. This wire must be insulated so that the voltage does not jump from loop to loop, shorting itout. If this happened, it could not create the primary magnetic field that is required. The primarycircuit wire goes into the coil through the positive terminal, loops around the primary windings,then exits through the negative terminal.The coil secondary winding circuit contains 15,000 to 30,000 turns of fine copper wire,which also must be insulated from each other. The secondary windings sit inside the loops of theprimary windings. To further increase the coils magnetic field the windings are wrapped around asoft iron core. To withstand the heat of the current flow, the coil is filled with oil which helps keepit cool.The ignition coil is the heart of the ignition system. As current flows through the coil a strongmagnetic field is built up. When the current is shut off, the collapse of this magnetic field to thesecondary windings induces a high voltage which is released through the large center terminal［3］.This voltage is then directed to the spark plugs through the distributor.Ignition TimingThe timing is set by loosening a hold-down screw and　rotating the body of the distributor.Since the spark is triggered at the exact instant that the points begin to open, rotating the distribu-tor body （which the points are mounted on) will change the relationship between the position ofthe points and the position of the distributor cam, which is on the shaft that is geared to the enginerotationt43.While setting the initial or base timing is important, for an engine to run properly, the timingneeds to change depending on the speed of the engine and the load that it is under. If we can movethe plate that the points are mounted on, or we eould change the position of the distributor cam inrelation to the gear that drives it, we ean alter the timing dynamically to suit the needs of the en-gine.There are two mechanisms that allow the timing to change: centrifugal advance and vacuumadvance.Centrifugal advance changes the timing in relation to the speed （r/min) of the engine. Ituses a pair of weights that are connected to the spinning distributor shaft. These weights are hinged,on one side to the lower part of the shaft and connected by a linkage to the upper shaft where thedistributor cam is. The weights are held close to the shaft be a pair of springs. As the shaft spinsfaster, the weights are pulled out by centrifugal force against the spring pressure. The faster theshaft spins, the more they are pulled out. When the weights move out, it changes the alignmentbetween the lower and upper shaft, causing the timing to advance.　　……

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