諾姆·喬姆斯基

作者簡(jiǎn)介

Avram Noam Chomsky was born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, on December 7, 1928. He received his early
education at the Oak Lane Country Day School and the
Central High School, Philadelphia, and then went on to
the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied linguistics,
mathematics, and philosophy. It was at the University of
Pennsylvania that he took his Ph.D., although most of the
research that led to this degree was carried out as a Ju-
nior Fellow of the Society of Fellows at Harvard University
between 1951 and 1955. Since 1955 he has taught at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he now holds
the Ferrari P. Ward Chair of Modern Languages and Lin-
guistics. He is married, with two daughters and a son.
Chomsky's work has been widely acclaimed in academic
circles. He has been awarded several honorary doctoratcs:
by the University of Chicago (1967), the University of Lon-
don(1967), Loyola University (1970), Swarthmore College
(1970), Bard College (1971), the University ofDelhi(1972),
the University of Massachusetts (1973). He is a Fellow of
the American Society for the Advancement of Science; a
member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Ameri-
can Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Aca-
demy of Political and Social Sciences; and a Correspond-
ing Fellow of the British Academy. He has been a Visiting
Fellow at Columbia University (1957-58), a Fellow of the
阿弗拉姆?諾姆?喬姆斯基于1928年12月7日誕生在
賓夕法尼亞州費(fèi)城。早年在費(fèi)城橡樹巷鄉(xiāng)村日間學(xué)校和中心
中學(xué)求學(xué)。然后進(jìn)入賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)深造，攻讀語言學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)
及哲學(xué)。在賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)取得了博士學(xué)位?？墒?，他為取
得博士學(xué)位而進(jìn)行的大部分研究工作是他在1951年至1955
年間擔(dān)任哈佛大學(xué)研究學(xué)會(huì)初級(jí)研究員期間進(jìn)行的。1955年
以來，喬姆斯基一直在麻省理工學(xué)院任教，現(xiàn)為該校費(fèi)拉里?
P?沃德現(xiàn)代語言和現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)講座的教授。喬姆斯基已婚，
有二個(gè)女兒和一個(gè)兒子。
喬姆斯基的學(xué)術(shù)成就在學(xué)術(shù)界受到普遍的贊賞。芝加哥
大學(xué)（于1967年）、倫敦大學(xué)（于1967年）、洛約拉大學(xué)（于
1970年）、斯沃斯莫爾學(xué)院（于1970年）、巴德學(xué)院（于1971
年）、德里大學(xué)（于1972年）及馬薩諸塞大學(xué)（于1973年）均授
予他名譽(yù)博士學(xué)位。喬姆斯基為美國促進(jìn)科學(xué)進(jìn)步學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)員、
國家科學(xué)院成員、美國藝術(shù)科學(xué)院成員、美國政治社會(huì)科學(xué)院
成員、英國科學(xué)院通訊會(huì)員。（1957―58年）曾任哥倫比亞大
Institute of Advanced Studies at Princeton University(1958
-59), the Linguistic Society of America Professor at the
University of California at Los Angeles (1966), the Beck-
man Professor at the University of California at Berkeley
(1966-67). He has delivered the John Locke Lectures at
Oxford University (1969), the Shearman Memorial Lectures
at the University of London (1969), the Trinity College
Bertrand Russell Memorial Lectures at Cambridge Univer-
sity (1971).
Chomsky first made his reputation in linguistics. He
had learned something of the principles of historical lin-
guistics from his father, who was a Hebrew scholar of con-
siderable repute. (Chomsky himself did some of his earliest
linguistic research, for the degree of M.A.,on modern spo-
ken Hebrew.) But the work for which he is now famous,
the construction of a system of generative grammar, devel-
oped out of his interest in modern logic and the founda-
tions of mathematics, and was only subsequently applied
to the description of natural languages. Of considerable im-
portance in Chomsky's intellectual development was the
influence of Zellig Harris, Professor of Linguistics at the
University of Pennsylvania; and Chomsky himself has ex-
plained that it was really his sympathy with Harris's polit-
ical views that led him to work as an undergraduate in
linguistics. There is a sense, therefore, in which politics
brought him into linguistics.
Chomsky has been interested in politics since child-
hood. His views were formed in what he refers to as"the
radical Jewish community in New York" and have always
tended toward socialism or anarchism, In the 1960s he be-
學(xué)客座研究員、（1958―59年）曾任普林斯頓大學(xué)高級(jí)研究所
研究員、（1966年）曾任加利福尼亞大學(xué)洛杉磯分校美國語言
學(xué)會(huì)教授、（1966―67年）曾在加利福尼亞大學(xué)伯克利分校主
持貝克曼講座、（1969年）曾在牛津大學(xué)主持約翰?洛克講座、
（同年）也在倫敦大學(xué)主持紀(jì)念希爾曼講座、（1971年）在劍橋
大學(xué)三一學(xué)院主持紀(jì)念伯特蘭?羅素講座。
喬姆斯基最初在語言學(xué)方面成名。他父親是一位頗有聲
望的希伯來語言學(xué)者。喬姆斯基從他父親那里學(xué)到了有關(guān)歷
史語言學(xué)原則的某些知識(shí)。（最初，喬姆斯基為了攻讀碩士學(xué)
位開始做一些研究工作。研究的課題是現(xiàn)代希伯來口語。）但
他的成名之作，也就是，他所創(chuàng)建的生成語法體系，則淵源于
他對(duì)現(xiàn)代邏輯學(xué)以及數(shù)學(xué)原理感興趣。只是到后來，他才把
這套體系用來描寫自然語言。在喬姆斯基學(xué)術(shù)發(fā)展上起了相
當(dāng)重要影響的是賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)語言學(xué)教授齊律格?哈里
斯。喬姆斯基本人曾解釋道，正是對(duì)哈里斯政治觀點(diǎn)的同情，
促使他在大學(xué)本科攻讀語言學(xué)。所以，是政治把他引向語言
學(xué)研究的這種說法是不無道理的。
從孩提時(shí)代起，喬姆斯基就對(duì)政治感興趣。他的政治觀
點(diǎn)是在他稱做“紐約激進(jìn)猶太人社區(qū)”中形成的，而且一貫傾
向于社會(huì)主義或無政府主義。

書籍目錄

初版序言
修訂版序言
喬姆斯基小傳
第一章 引言
第二章 現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)：目的及態(tài)度
第三章 “布盧姆菲爾德學(xué)派”
第四章 語言理論的目標(biāo)
第五章 生成語法：一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的模式
第六章 短語結(jié)構(gòu)語法
第七章 轉(zhuǎn)換語法
第八章 喬姆斯基及后喬姆斯基語言學(xué)發(fā)展近況
第九章 生成語法的心理含義
第十章 語言和心理的哲學(xué)
第十一章結(jié)論
附錄I形式語言和形式語法
附錄Ⅱ 關(guān)于喬姆斯基及其經(jīng)歷的另一種看法
注釋
索引
簡(jiǎn)明書目
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Revised Edition
Biographical Note
i 1 Introduction
ii / Modern Linguistics: Aims and Attitudes
iii / The "Bloomfieldians''
iv 1 The Goals of Linguistic Theory
v 1 Generative Grammar: A Simple Model
vi 1 Phrase Structure Grammar
vii / Transfonnational Grammar
viii 1 Recent Developments in Chomskyan
and Post-Chomskyan Linguistics
ix 1 The Psychological Implications of
Generative Grammar
x / The Philosophy of Language and Mind
xi / Conclusion
Appendix 1 / Formql Languages and
Formal Grammars
Appendix 2 1 An Alternative View of
Chomsky and His Background
Note.
Index
Short Bibllography

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