紀(jì)念達(dá)爾文誕辰200周年國際學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集

內(nèi)容概要

2009年10月24～26日，演化生物學(xué)的科學(xué)家們從世界各國和中國各地相聚北京，參加主題為“達(dá)爾文200·北京”的國際學(xué)術(shù)會議，共同紀(jì)念達(dá)爾文誕生200周年和他的巨著《物種起源》出版150周年。幾十位學(xué)者就演化領(lǐng)域主要分支——古生物學(xué)、系統(tǒng)演化、揚(yáng)種形成、群體遺傳學(xué)、分子演化、發(fā)育演化、復(fù)雜性狀遺傳等方面的科學(xué)問題作，特邀報告。這此演講包括對演化生物學(xué)歷史的熱情回顧，對新問題原創(chuàng)性的的科學(xué)探索，以及對演化研究意義的哲學(xué)思考，對達(dá)爾文留下的科學(xué)遺產(chǎn)做出了全面評價。本論文集收集了此次會議的思想成果．特別是大會特邀科學(xué)家們關(guān)于達(dá)爾文科學(xué)遺產(chǎn)的思考和討論。22位作者根據(jù)他們的發(fā)言和思考寫出了紀(jì)念文章；40多位大會演講者留下了寶貴的發(fā)言摘要，這些文獻(xiàn)記載了國際和國內(nèi)演化領(lǐng)域的著名科學(xué)家對達(dá)爾文及其臣著的歷史和今天科學(xué)意義的看法，以及他們在相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究成果，對現(xiàn)今演化生物學(xué)的科學(xué)研究具有指導(dǎo)作用。此外，本書也收集了部分會議期間所拍攝的相片，包括所有參加者討淪發(fā)言時的，照片和合影，記載了紀(jì)念活動感人的真情實(shí)景。文集還收集了一些具有歷史價值的文獻(xiàn)照片，以期展示達(dá)爾文在中國的傳播和歷史影響，進(jìn)而反映達(dá)爾文及其巨著經(jīng)久不衰的影響。

作者簡介

編者：（美國）龍漫遠(yuǎn) 顧紅雅 周忠和

書籍目錄

PrologueIntroductionsContributed EssaysAbstracts of Oral PresentationsSelected Photos of the Conference

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：There is currently no single explanation tha tcan account for the GOBE （Servais et al. 2009）.Rather a coincidence of biological and geological factors combined to help drive and encourage the biodiversification. Irrespective of it scauses, the diversification changed the oceansforever and set a new agenda for marine life（Harper 2006; Liu and Zhan 2009）. The cascading increase in biodiversity at species, genus and family levels was apparent at global levels with the high provincialism of Early to Mid Ordovician faunas, at regional levels with the development of new community types, particularly in deeper water and in and around reefs and thirdly at local levels where more animals weresqueezed into existing communities. The oceans were no longer sterile expanses of water, beingfilled now by phy to and zooplankton, punctuated by blooms, and including larvae and animals such as the graptolites. Community structures were better organized and more denselypacked with the expansion of the number of socalled ecological guilds, signalling a range of new feeding strategies and life modes. Tieringstructures developed both above and within the substrates while the bioerosion and encrustation of hard surfaces offered a new range of ecological opportunities （Zhang et al. 2010）. The Paleozoic evolutionary fauna was relatively stable,surviving the end Ordovician and late Devonianextinctions for some 200 million years.

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