生物專業(yè)英語

出版時間:2010-3  出版社:高等教育出版社  作者:蔣悟生  頁數:285  字數:450000  
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前言

  21世紀是生命科學飛速發(fā)展的世紀,新知識、新方法、新概念不斷涌現(xiàn)。為了更好地學習和運用專業(yè)科學知識,借鑒國內外的研究成果,從事具有創(chuàng)新性的科學研究,同時進行國際科技交流與合作,編者根據高等教育大力培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)業(yè)和創(chuàng)新人才的需要,編寫這本教材,奉獻給廣大讀者?! ”窘滩墓?5課,1-10課由課文(Lesson)、課后練習(Exercises)、拓展信息(Additional Information)、閱讀理解(Reading Comprehension)和閱讀材料(ReadingMaterials)5部分組成,11-15課由閱讀材料(Lesson)和拓展信息(Additional Information)組成。書后附有練習答案和詞匯表。教材涉及細胞生物學、遺傳學、動物學、植物學、微生物學、生態(tài)學、分子生物學、物種起源與進化、環(huán)境科學、情報科學、論文寫作等內容?! ”窘滩牡奶攸c在于:①注重專業(yè)詞匯的積累。目前大學生、研究生都具有大學英語四、六級的水平,并已掌握了基本的英語語法,但他們在閱讀生物專業(yè)英文書刊時仍感到異常費力。分析其主要原因,除了學生自身專業(yè)知識面較窄外,更重要的是他們對專業(yè)詞匯了解甚少。書刊中專業(yè)詞匯重復率的高低直接影響到閱讀理解的速度及閱讀興趣。因此,編者在編寫時注意文章中專業(yè)詞匯的重復性。首先把課文中最初出現(xiàn)的重要的生物學詞匯以黑體標注,依次在注釋中對詞匯或短語加注國際音標,并用中英文加以注釋,最后在書后附有詞匯表,便于學生自學。每課閱讀材料中提供了與課文相應的內容和課后練習,幫助學生鞏固、加深對課文的理解和專業(yè)詞匯的記憶。②注重專業(yè)文獻閱讀、文獻檢索及論文寫作能力的提高。閱讀專業(yè)英文書刊的能力、科技文獻檢索能力及研究論文的寫作能力是保證學生未來在各自研究領域成功地進行高水平科學研究的關鍵。本書在這些方面為讀者提供了學習和實踐環(huán)境。在補充材料和配套網站(Companion Websire)內容的選擇上,編者有意挑選研究論文寫作、投稿、文獻檢索與利用等方面的資料,試圖通過這些內容幫助學生掌握論文寫作和文獻檢索知識。③選材具有實用性、可讀性和趣味性。本書所選材料力圖提高學生學習的興趣,幫助他們盡快掌握專業(yè)英語書刊的閱讀技巧、了解文獻檢索及寫作知識。④內容涉及面廣,難易適度。本教材力求反映現(xiàn)代生物學的發(fā)展趨勢,取材新穎。內容取材于國外原版教材、專業(yè)學術期刊、Internet網上資源等。

內容概要

本書內客涉及細胞生物學、遺傳學、動物學、植物學、微生物學、生態(tài)學、分子生物學、物種起源與進化、環(huán)境科學等。全書共15課,由課文、課后練習、拓展信息、閱讀理解和弼讀材料等部分組成。書后附有練習答案、詞匯表、參考文獻。內容涉及面廣取材新穎,難易適度,充分反映現(xiàn)代生物學的發(fā)展趨勢。    在前2版的基礎上更新了部分較為陳舊的閱讀材料,著重補充研究論文寫作、投稿、文獻檢索與利用等方面的資料。為了更好地幫助學生學習,編者在與本書配套的網站(Companion Website)上提供了許多教學資源網絡鏈接,以多種教學形式幫助讀者有效利用Web of Knowledge,Web of Science Journa Citation Reports,Elsevier ScienceDirect,ProQuest等國際重要文獻數據庫。    本書可作為高校生物類專業(yè)英語教材,也可作為從事生物、農林、環(huán)境科學等領域科研工作的人員的參考工具書。

書籍目錄

Lesson One Inside the Living Cell: Structure and Function of Internal Cell PartsLesson Two PhotosynthesisLesson Three Cellular Reproduction: Mitosis and meiosisLesson Four Foundations of GeneticsLesson Five Discovering the Chemical Nature of the GeneLesson Six The Origin and Diversity of LifeLesson Seven Fungi: The Great DecomposersLesson Eight Animal DevelopmentLesson Nine The Origin of SpeciesLesson Ten The Ecology of PopulationsLesson Eleven Plant Biology Research Comes of Age in ChinaLesson Twelve The ISI Web of Knowledge Sm Platform: CurrentLesson Thirteen Assessing Potential Dietary Toxicity of Heavy Metals in Selected Vegetables and Food CropsLesson Fourteen A Roadmap of Cancer cystems Biology Lesson Fifteen Hyperaccumulation of Cadmium by Roots, Bulbs and Shoots of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)Answers to ExercisesGlossary of Biological TermsReferences

章節(jié)摘錄

  In other groups of organisms, hybrids do not form between species of a particular genus(plural genera, a group of related species), or such hybrids are generally sterile. In some groupsof organisms, even local populations are sometimes not capable of interbreeding with one another.This pattern occurs, for example, in many groups of annual plants. For still other kinds of plantsand animals, we do not know whether the species are capable of forming hybrids or not.  In practice, scientists usually recognize species primarily because they differ from one anotherin their features, not by the presence of breeding barriers. For these reasons modern biologistsdefine a species as a group of organisms that is unlike other such groups of organisms and does notnormally interbreed extensively with those other groups in nature, although they may do so underartificial conditions.The path from microevolutionary change within a species to the divergence of that species into twoseparate species involves the division of a group of similar individuals into two groups that usuallyare less similar. The new species usually do not interbreed with one another, either because theyare incapable of doing so or because the nature of their occurrence prevents them from doing so.We refer to the separation of a species into dissimilar groups as divergence, and to the mechanismsthat prevent successful mating as reprodttctive isolating mechanisms. We shall consider divergencefirst.

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