當代研究生英語閱讀教程2

前言

　　《當代研究生英語閱讀教程》（Active English Reading floor Postgrmjuates）是根據(jù)《非英語專業(yè)研究生英語教學大綱》和當代研究生英語發(fā)展及時代要求的原則，本著有效地提高學生的英語閱讀能力、全面提升研究生英語語言素養(yǎng)的目的而編寫的?！　≌Z言文化知識的獲取離不開真實的語言學習環(huán)境。中國學生在本土學習英語，要想創(chuàng)建真實的語言環(huán)境并非易事，而閱讀是語言和文化學習的重要手段和途徑。通過閱讀，學生可以身臨其境，獲取大量語言知識，從而發(fā)展和提升英語綜合應用能力。與此同時，通過廣泛接觸內容豐富、文體不同的文章，學生會進一步擴大和掌握英語詞匯，熟悉各種語言現(xiàn)象和寫作技巧，全面提升整體英語水平?！　榇?，我們特地編寫了《當代研究生英語閱讀教程》。該教程內容經(jīng)過嚴格的篩選和科學的設計，在選材、內容編排、練習設計等方面體現(xiàn)以下特點。既注重時代性，又突出經(jīng)典性　　注重時代性。本教程很多文章選自近年國外權威的報刊、雜志，具有鮮明的時代感，主要體現(xiàn)在選擇當今社會的熱門話題，例如：能源危機、環(huán)境保護、國際經(jīng)濟、金融海嘯、器官再造等，主題豐富，語言地道，既體現(xiàn)時代特色，又注重文化內涵及思想深意，反映時代發(fā)展，展現(xiàn)語言魅力。　　突出經(jīng)典性。在注重時代性的同時，本教程也注重從經(jīng)典的英文原版著作中選材，內容涉及哲學、經(jīng)濟學、文學、歷史、文化、心理學等方面，充分體現(xiàn)其經(jīng)典性。通過閱讀這些文章，學生可充分體驗經(jīng)典的魅力。

內容概要

本教程分為兩冊，本書為第2冊。本教材內容新穎、材料真實、題材廣泛，涉及工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、文學、醫(yī)學、藝術、歷史、科學、教育、能源、環(huán)境、社會等36個主題。選文兼顧不同學科，融知識性、趣味性和可讀性于一體。為更好地體現(xiàn)可讀性和趣味性，編者特地安排了4個“輕松閱讀”單元，相信將會極大地激發(fā)學生的興趣，讓學生在感知英語語言魅力的同時，其科學素養(yǎng)和人文精神在潛移默化中得到培養(yǎng)。

書籍目錄

Unit 1 Food and Diet
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    Food: Past and Present
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  A New Diet Equation
    Passage 2  Diet, Nutrition and Healthy Living
    Passage 3  Cancer and Diet
Unit 2  Archaeology
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    Excavating an Ancient Egyptian Tomb
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Troy Uncovered
    Passage 2  Pompeii: Buried in Ages
    Passage 3  Machu Picchu Archaeological Sites
Unit 3  Medicine
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    A Brief History of Medicine
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  The Controversy over Human Cloning
    Passage 2  Natural Medicine -- The Way Home
    Passage 3  How to Build a Body   Part
Unit 4  Space
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    When Galaxies Collide
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Transient Lunar Phenomena
    Passage 2  Water, Flash Floods and New Possibilities for Life
on Mars
    Passage 3  The Salyut Experience
Unit 5  History
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    Rome: From Republic to Empire
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Anglo-Saxon England
    Passage 2  The Enlightenment
    Passage 3  Victorian Era
Unit 6  Biography
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    An American Storyteller: Ernest Hemingway
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Johannes Kepler
    Passage 2  Napoleon -- Downfall and Legend
    Passage 3  Tchaikovsky and Madame von Meck
Unit 7  Leisure Reading(Ⅲ)
    Passage 1  Beauty Is in the Eye of the Beholder
    Passage 2  The Trial of O. J. Simpson
    Passage 3  That Lean and Hungry Look
    Passage 4  An Excerpt from Jane Eyre
Unit 8  Economics
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    What Is Economics?
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension {Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations
    Passage 2  Karl Marx's Economic Conceptions
    Passage 3  John Maynard Keynes
Unit 9  Materials Science
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    A Brief History of Materials
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension {Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  The Age of Superstuff
    Passage 2  Superconductor Search: a Race and an Obsession
    Passage 3  The Future of Nanomaterials
Unit 10  Philosophy
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    What Is Philosophy?
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Socratic Method
    Passage 2  Rene Descartes' Dualism and Rationalism
    Passage 3  Brief Introduction to Kant
Unit 11  Law
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    An Introduction to Law
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Origins of Common Law
    Passage 2  The American Jury System: Standing in the Way of
Justice7
    Passage 3  Nuremberg Trials
Unit 12  Education
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    The University and Society
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Set Universities Free
    Passage 2  Requirements for Completion in U.S. Graduate Schools
    Passage 3  Bertrand Russell on Education
Unit 13  Sports
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    Social Aggregates and Cultural Influences in the Rise of Sport
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Good Sports
    Passage 2  Spectator Sports Reflect America's Melting Pot
    Passage 3  How David Stern and Michael Jordan May Have
Destroyed the NBA
Unit 14  Leisure Reading(Ⅳ)
    Passage 1  King Edward Ⅷ Abdicated for Love
    Passage 2  Love Is a Fallacy (Part Ⅰ)
    Passage 3  Love Is a Fallacy (Part Ⅱ)
    Passage 4  An Excerpt from Death in the Afternoon
Unit 15  Entertainment
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    The Beatles
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Is the Web the Future of Entertainment?
    Passage 2  A History of Oscar's Ups and Downs
    Passage 3  Soap Opera
Unit 16  Book Review
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Confessions by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    Passage 2  Vanity Fair by William Thackeray
    Passage 3  Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman
Unit 17  Computer and Internet
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    Computer Science
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Life on the Net
    Passage 2  Alienation and the Internet
    Passage 3  Crime in Cyberspace
Unit 18  Architecture
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    European Architecture: History and Styles
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage I  The Castles of Europe
    Passage 2  Islamic Architecture
    Passage 3  Modern Architecture: Reaching for the Sky
Unit 19  Management
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    Management Strategies in Competing with Japan
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Chaos Theory of Management
    Passage 2  Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
    Passage 3  Scenario Planning
Unit 20  Psychology
  Part Ⅰ  Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
    Freudian Psychology and Psychoanalysis
  Part Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
    Passage 1  Dreams: Night School
    Passage 2  Narcissistic Personality Disorder
    Passage 3  The New Word on Gossip
Keys
References

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Ominous as they sound, these are all precancerous changes, and the body is well equipped tohandle them. To qualify as cancer, a lesion must undergo a second stage of development, known aspromotion. If the right fuels are on hand, the transformed cells may replicate aggressively, creating avisible mass within months. Without a network of blood vessels to deliver nutrients and oxygen, itwont grow much larger than a pea. But sometimes a small tumor will spit out growth factors thatprompt nearby arteries to send out new branches, or capillaries. And once the tumor has its ownblood supply, the odds of a reversal are slim. "Potential cancers are regressing all the time," saysepidemiologist Linda Koo of the American Health Foundation. Not so vascularized tumors. Theytend to invade neighboring tissues and, worse yet, seed the bloodstream with malignant cells thatlodge and flourish in other parts of the body.　　What does food have to do with all this？ Quite a bit, by most estimates. "Humans put two tothree pounds of food into their bodies every day," says Koo. "Its our greatest contact with theenvironment. " Population studies have consistently linked a high intake of plant foods to a low riskof cancer. And as molecular biologists have discovered during the past decade, the compoundscontained in those foods can work in very specific ways to block the development of tumors. No oneis holding up green tea and garlic as adequate treatments for advanced disease. The goal of the newprevention diets is to reduce the need for such treatments. As Gaynor puts it, eating the right foods is"as specific to stopping cancer before it starts as wearing a seat belt is to lowering your risk of a fatalautomobile accident. "　　Fruits and vegetables are loaded with antioxidants. Vitamins C, E and beta carotene can allhelp neutralize the free radicals that degrade cellular DNA. They even help protect each other,Vitamin C preventing oxidative damage to Vitamin E, and Vitamin E blocking the oxidation of betacarotene. But vitamins are just the beginning of the antioxidant story; researchers have recentlyidentified several plant chemicals that may have far stronger effects. Grapes and red wine are rich inan antioxidant called resveratrol, which reduced the incidence of skin tumors in mice by 88 percent inone recent study. Green tea contains several potent antioxidant chemicals known as polyphenols.Researchers estimate that one of them, a compound called EGCG, has 20 times the radical-quenchingeffect of vitamin E, and 500 times the effect of vitamin C.

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