大學(xué)英語聽力4

前言

　　隨著大學(xué)英語教學(xué)改革的不斷深入，全國高校對大學(xué)英語聽說能力的培養(yǎng)也更加重視。2007年頒布的《大學(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》規(guī)定：“大學(xué)英語的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語綜合應(yīng)用能力，特別是聽說能力，使他們在今后學(xué)習(xí)、工作和社會交往中能用英語有效地進行交際，同時增強其自主學(xué)習(xí)能力，提高綜合文化素養(yǎng)，以適應(yīng)我國社會發(fā)展和國際交流的需要。”大學(xué)英語教學(xué)越來越多地加大聽說內(nèi)容的教學(xué)，而這方面的大學(xué)英語聽力教材仍然有待于進一步完善，以適合不同層次學(xué)生的英語聽力訓(xùn)練?！　　洞髮W(xué)英語聽力》根據(jù)《大學(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》編寫，以大量的聽力材料和多種聽力測試題型相結(jié)合，為學(xué)習(xí)者提供了多種多樣、并且具有針對性的練習(xí)素材。該教材以英美文化背景為切入點，提供了不同語境下原汁原味的表達方式，使學(xué)習(xí)者接觸到真實的語言環(huán)境，并訓(xùn)練學(xué)習(xí)者對文化背景、語境、語言材料的綜合理解能力，特別是聽力理解能力。學(xué)習(xí)者在提高聽力水平的同時，能更加深入地了解西方文化。從而使他們在真實的語言環(huán)境中既學(xué)到了語言知識，又學(xué)到了文化知識?！　〗滩闹械穆犃Σ牧蟽?nèi)容多由幽默故事、趣味故事、童話、寓言、輕松對話和短文等各種文體組成，在主題化框架內(nèi)展開聽說訓(xùn)練。這些材料覆蓋面廣，涉及歷史、文化、科普、名人傳記和日常生活等諸多方面；貼近生活，不僅具有趣味性，而且注重知識性、可聽性。豐富多彩的聽說語料圍繞主題反復(fù)強化語境，大大提高了語言點的復(fù)現(xiàn)率。該教材無論是在素材的選擇上，還是在練習(xí)的編排上，都體現(xiàn)了新的教學(xué)理念和教學(xué)模式，使學(xué)習(xí)者在輕松而真實的語言環(huán)境中達到學(xué)習(xí)訓(xùn)練的目的。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《大學(xué)英語聽力》根據(jù)《大學(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》編寫，以大量的聽力材料和多種聽力測試題型相結(jié)合，為學(xué)習(xí)者提供了多種多樣、并且具有針對性的練習(xí)素材。該教材以英美文化背景為切入點，提供了不同語境下原汁原味的表達方式，使學(xué)習(xí)者接觸到真實的語言環(huán)境，并訓(xùn)練學(xué)習(xí)者對文化背景、語境、語言材料的綜合理解能力，特別是聽力理解能力。學(xué)習(xí)者在提高聽力水平的同時，能更加深入地了解西方文化。從而使他們在真實的語言環(huán)境中既學(xué)到了語言知識，又學(xué)到了文化知識?！　〗滩闹械穆犃Σ牧蟽?nèi)容多由幽默故事、趣味故事、童話、寓言、輕松對話和短文等各種文體組成，在主題化框架內(nèi)展開聽說訓(xùn)練。這些材料覆蓋面廣，涉及歷史、文化、科普、名人傳記和日常生活等諸多方面；貼近生活，不僅具有趣味性，而且注重知識性、可聽性。豐富多彩的聽說語料圍繞主題反復(fù)強化語境，大大提高了語言點的復(fù)現(xiàn)率。該教材無論是在素材的選擇上，還是在練習(xí)的編排上，都體現(xiàn)了新的教學(xué)理念和教學(xué)模式，使學(xué)習(xí)者在輕松而真實的語言環(huán)境中達到學(xué)習(xí)訓(xùn)練的目的。

書籍目錄

Unit 1Section Ⅰ Main Ideas and Important DetailsPassage 1 Zimbabwe Children Are "Wasting Away"Passage 2 FashionsPassage 3 When Did Americans Begin Sending Greeting Cards?Section Ⅱ Listening-Based Integrated ExercisesPassage 1 Manners and Customs in Different CulturesPassage 2 LazinessPassage 3 Direct and Indirect TaxationSection Ⅲ Optional Listening ExercisesPassage 1 JumpPassage 2 White and BlackPassage 3 The Origin of the Song——"Happy Birthday to You"Unit 2Section Ⅰ Main Ideas and Important DetailsPassage 1 The Effects of the InternetPassage 2 Windows XPPassage 3 Internet BlogsSection Ⅱ Listening-Based Integrated ExercisesPassage 1 Finding Friends on the InternetPassage 2 Emotion-Sensitive ComputerPassage 3 Roborior： A Robot House-SitterSection Ⅲ Optional Listening ExercisesPassage 1 Low-Cost Computer Under ResearchPassage 2 The Process of Information TransferringPassage 3 Good Aspects of the DisasterUnit 3Section Ⅰ Main Ideas and Important DetailsPassage 1 Why Do Sharks Bite Human Being?Passage 2 A Spiders StoryPassage 3 The Fish in Great DangerSection Ⅱ Listening-Based Integrated ExercisesPassage 1 The Complex Social Structure of Ant SocietiesPassage 2 Snakes Are Not as Fearful as You May Have ThoughtPassage 3 Secrets of the Spider WebSection Ⅲ Optional Listening ExercisesPassage 1 The Study on Birds SleepPassage 2 The Biggest Disney WorldPassage 3 Crime as a Worldwide ProblemUnit 4Section Ⅰ Main Ideas and Important DetailsPassage 1 The Legal Marriage Age for Young AmericansPassage 2 The Nuclear and Extended FamilyPassage 3 Obama Talks About FatherhoodSection Ⅱ Listening-Based Integrated ExercisesPassage 1 Saving for a BabyPassage 2 Problems with Parent-Child RelationshipsPassage 3 The History of the Custom of Eating with a ForkSection Ⅲ Optional Listening ExercisesPassage 1 Why Do Americans Love Uniforms?Passage 2 Pizza： a World Popular FoodPassage 3 The Trends of Interdependent FutureUnit 5Section Ⅰ Main Ideas and Important DetailsPassage 1 The Differences Between Teaching and LearningPassage 2 Being a Writer Is Not EasyPassage 3 A Biography of Alexander FlemingSection Ⅱ Listening-Based Integrated ExercisesPassage 1 The Magic Memory GlassesPassage 2 Doubts About Speed ReadingPassage 3 Education in ChinaSection Ⅲ Optional Listening ExercisesPassage 1 A Love Story in Greek MythologyPassage 2 A Scientific Research on the Power of Positive ThinkingPassage 3 Unofficial Strikes in Britain UnitUnit 6Section Ⅰ Main Ideas and Important DetailsPassage 1 Are Small Aircraft a Good Alternative?Passage 2 Tour in LondonPassage 3 Electromagnetic Interference： a Cause of Aircraft CrashesSection Ⅱ Listening-Based Integrated ExercisesPassage 1 The Victoria Line： a Special RailwayPassage 2 Why Do People Enjoy Traveling?Passage 3 What Will the 2020 Car Look Like?Section Ⅲ Optional Listening ExercisesPassage 1 The Wright Brothers and Flying MachinesPassage 2 Cars Continued PopularityPassage 3 Who Doesnt Need to Wear a Seat Belt?Unit 7Section Ⅰ Main Ideas and Important DetailsPassage 1 Special Methods to Reduce Population in BrazilPassage 2 Its Time to Protect the EarthPassage 3 Beautiful Cities out of GarbageSection Ⅱ Listening-Based Integrated ExercisesPassage 1 The Jujube Plant That Will Save WhalesPassage 2 The Weather Prediction for Asia in 2050Passage 3 Lack of Water and Solutions to ItSection Ⅲ Optional Listening ExercisesPassage 1 Water ErosionPassage 2 The Way to Reducing Car PollutionPassage 3 Agriculture in the U.S.A.Unit 8SectionⅠMain Ideas and Important DetailsPassage 1 A Guide to Health for TouristsPassage 2 Avian InfluenzaPassage 3 Cola： a Cure for HeadacheSection Ⅱ Listening-Based Integrated ExercisesPassage 1 Health Is Most PreciousPassage 2 Keeping Pets to Reduce the Risk of Heart DiseasePassage 3 Concerns over Lack of Sleep in the U.S.A.Section Ⅲ Optional Listening ExercisesPassage I The Importance of Rest in Athletic TrainingPassage 2 The Importance of Medical InsurancePassage 3 Negative Attitudes Toward EuthanasiaUnit 9Section Ⅰ Main Ideas and Important DetailsPassage 1 Visual CommunicationPassage 2 Forms of Pub-TalkPassage 3 The Way People CommunicateSection Ⅱ Listening-Based Integrated ExercisesPassage 1 The Advantage of EmailsPassage 2 IPod Media Players and MP3 Players……Unit 10Key to Exercises and Transcripts

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modem state: without it, it wouldnot be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; nor the workersin government offices who look after our health, our food, our water, and all theother things that we cannot do for ourselves; nor also the ministers and members ofparliament who govern the country for us. By means of taxation, we pay for things thatwe need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat.　　But though everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people havedifferent ideas about how taxation should be arranged. Should each person haveto pay a certain amount of money to the government each year？ Or should therebe a tax on things that people buy and sell？ If this kind of taxation is used, shouldeveryone pay the same tax, whether he is rich or poor？ If the second kind of tax ispreferred, should everything be taxed equally？　　In most countries, a direct tax on persons, which is called income tax, exists. Itis arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay nothing, and the percentage oftax grows greater as the taxpayers income grows. In England, for example, the taxon the richest people goes up as high as ninety-five percent！　　But countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too.Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or "duties". Of course, itis the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops who really haveto pay the duties, in the form of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a taxon things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money iscollected, but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary things like jewels and furcoats are taxed, less money is obtained but the tax is fairer, as the rich pay it.　　Probably this last kind of indirect tax, together with a direct tax on incomeswhich is low for the poor and high for the rich, is the best arrangement.

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