分子生物學(xué)

前言

　　在上個世紀(jì)，1953年DNA雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)的解析和1956年中心法則的成形宣告著分子生物學(xué)時代的到來。分子生物學(xué)憑其影響力的自然滲透和許多科學(xué)家?guī)资甑男燎诟懦蔀樯茖W(xué)的基石學(xué)科。52年后的今天，定義遺傳物質(zhì)流動方向的中心法則仍然是分子生物學(xué)的框架，即遺傳物質(zhì)通過DNA復(fù)制來實現(xiàn)傳代，通過轉(zhuǎn)錄合成RNA，再通過翻譯從mRNA合成蛋白質(zhì)。當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)代的分子生物學(xué)教材都會加入基因表達的調(diào)控和分子生物學(xué)方法的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。另外，有許多分子生物學(xué)教材會以介紹生物活性大分子蛋ca質(zhì)和核酸的結(jié)構(gòu)為開胃菜，這兩類大分子是所有分子生物學(xué)事件的主要執(zhí)行者?！　　斗肿由飳W(xué)——從基因到蛋白質(zhì)》前兩版書名是《分子生物學(xué)》，分別在1983年和1987年出版，由先后在Brandeis大學(xué)和加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校教授生物化學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)課程的DavidFreifelder教授編寫并修訂的?！斗肿由飳W(xué)——從基因到蛋白質(zhì)》第3版是由紐約城市大學(xué)皇后學(xué)院的BurtonE．Tropp教授編寫的，具有以下4個主要特色：　　1．基礎(chǔ)性強。翔實全面　　該書共包括六部分20章。第一到第三部分共8章是引導(dǎo)性基礎(chǔ)知識：包括蛋白質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能；核酸結(jié)構(gòu)、核酸技術(shù)和染色體結(jié)構(gòu)；遺傳分析及病毒對分子生物學(xué)的貢獻和地位。第四到第六部分共12章是分子生物學(xué)的核心內(nèi)容：包括DNA代謝（DNA復(fù)制，DNA損傷和修復(fù)，DNA重組和轉(zhuǎn)座），RNA的合成和加工（細(xì)菌內(nèi)的轉(zhuǎn)錄和基因表達調(diào)控，真核細(xì)胞內(nèi)mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄、調(diào)控和轉(zhuǎn)錄后加工，核糖體RNA、轉(zhuǎn)運RNA和細(xì)胞器RNA的合成），以及蛋白質(zhì)的合成（轉(zhuǎn)運RNA和遺傳密碼，核糖體和翻譯過程）。該書對所涉及內(nèi)容的描述非常傘面翔實，并具有一定的前沿性，非常適用于初學(xué)者。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《分子生物學(xué)：從基因到蛋白質(zhì)（第3版）（影印版）》前兩版書名是《分子生物學(xué)》，分別在1983年和1987年出版，由先后在Brandeis大學(xué)和加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校教授生物化學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)課程的DavidFreifelder教授編寫并修訂的。

書籍目錄

PrefaceCHAPTER 1 Introduction to Molecular BiologySECTION 1 Protein Structure and FunctionCHAPTER 2 Protein StructureCHAPTER 3 Protein FunctionSECTION 2 Nucleic Acids and NucleoproteinsCHAPTER 4 Deoxyribonucleic Acid StructureCHAPTER 5 Nucleic Acid TechnologyCHAPTER 6 Chromosome StructureSECTION 3 Genetics and VirologyCHAPTER 7 Genetic Analysis in Molecular BiologyCHAPTER 8 Viruses in Molecular BiologySECTION 4 DNA MetabolismCHAPTER 9 DNA ReplicationCHAPTER 10 DNA Damage and RepairCHAPTER 11 RecombinationCHAPTER 12 Transposons and Other Mobile ElementsSECTION 5 RNA Synthesis and ProcessingCHAPTER 13 Bacterial RNA PolymeraseCHAPTER 14 Regulation of Bacterial Gene TranscriptionCHAPTER 15 RNA Polymerase Ⅱ: Basal TranscriptionCHAPTER 16 RNA Polymerase Ⅱ: RegulationCHAPTER 17 RNA Polymerase Ⅱ: Cotranscriptional and Posttranscriptional ProcessesCHAPTER 18 Ribosomal RNA, Transfer RNA, and Organellar RNA SynthesisSECTION 6 Protein SynthesisCHAPTER 19 Protein Synthesis: The Genetic CodeCHAPTER 20 Protein Synthesis: The RibosomeIndex

章節(jié)摘錄

　　These nucleases, which were called restriction endonudeasesbecause they blocked or restricted viral replication, act only on DNAwith specific recognition sequences and only when the recognition sequences are not modified. Host DNA is protected because it has methylgroups attached to specific bases within the recognition sequence.　　Three major types of restrictionmodification systems have beenstudied （Table S.2）. Type I restrictionmodification systems consist offive polypeptide subunits: two identical restriction endonuclease subunits （R）, two identical modification subunits （M）, and a specificitysubunit （S）. If the sequence that is recognized by the specificity subunitdoes not have a methyl group, then one of two things will happen. Themodification subunits will methylate the sequence and the DNA willbe protected, or the restriction subunits will cleave the DNA at a nonspecific site, often I kb or more from the recognition sequence, and theDNA will be degraded. Type II restrictionmodification systems aremade of two independent enzymes, a homodimeric restriction endonuclease and a monomeric methyl transferase （methylase）. Type 1I restrictionmodification enzymes recognize sequences that are 4 to 8 bp long.Type II methylases transfer methyl groups to bases within the recognition sequence and type II endonucleases cleave DNA within the recognition sequence. Type III restrictionmodification systems consist oftwo subunits, a modification subunit and a restriction subunit. Modification occurs within the recognition sequence but cleavage takesplace about 25 bp away from this site. The discussion that follows islimited to the type II endonucleases because they are the only one of thethree types that has been widely used to manipulate DNA.

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