新托福閱讀高分策略

前言

　　有效提高應試能力、迅速提高考分一直是廣大托福考生夢寐以求的目標。為了幫助考生實現(xiàn)這一目標，我特邀哈佛大學專家共同編寫了托福考試高分策略系列叢書，包含閱讀、聽力、口語與寫作四個分冊。本叢書力求從學習方法、應試策略、全真考題分析及解答等方面幫助考生短期內提升托?？荚嚦煽?。　　相對于舊托福（中國大陸的托?？荚囈恢睂嵭屑埞P考試）而言，現(xiàn)在的托福（TOEFL iBT_一托福網(wǎng)考）出現(xiàn)了一些變化。

內容概要

本書作為一本托福閱讀的輔導書籍，體現(xiàn)了技巧與能力并重的特點。一方面，本書作者根據(jù)實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗、教學實踐和深入研究，給考生提供閱讀十大題型全面、精準的做題技巧與方法，如“插入文本題”的三步法等，給考生帶來立竿見影的效果；另一方面，為了提高考生的英語能力，使他們在考試時能以不變應萬變，本書還從托福閱讀學習技能——詞匯、難句等方面給考生學習提供指導。另外，“托福閱讀?？纪x詞對表”和“托福閱讀核心詞匯”更是托?？荚囍苿俚睦?，二者總結了托福閱讀中?？嫉脑~匯，對于準備托福的考生來說是不可多得的材料。此外，本書提供的大量分題型與整套全真模擬練習也是十分寶貴的學習資料，使考生可以進一步驗證和鞏固所學知識。

書籍目錄

第一部分　托福閱讀簡介　第一章　托福考試介紹　　一、試卷結構　　二、托福FAQ　　三、托福成績單解讀　第二章　托福閱讀概況　　一、試題結構　　二、文章　特點　　三、問題類型　　四、五大特色　　五、分數(shù)計算　　六、高分標準　第三章　托福閱讀四大學習策略　　一、詞匯是基礎——詞匯記憶策略　　二、句子是關鍵——難句把握策略　　三、背景是補充——背景積累策略　　四、課外是保障——閱讀擴充策略第二部分　托福閱讀應試技巧　第一章　托福文章　閱讀法、筆記法與做題法　　一、結構閱讀法　　二、核心詞筆記法　　三、對應做題法　第二章　托福閱讀考點設置　　一、舉例　　二、轉折　　三、列舉　　四、比較　　五、因果　　六、結構　第三章　托福閱讀題型特點與做題技巧　　一、事實信息題　　二、指代題　　三、否定事實信息題　　四、修辭目的題　　五、推理題　　六、詞匯題　　七、句子簡化題　　八、插入文本題　　九、文章　總結題　　十、信息歸類題　　十一、其他題型第三部分　托福閱讀詞匯與難句　第一章　托福閱讀?？纪x詞對表　第二章　托福閱讀核心詞匯　第三章　托福閱讀學科分類詞匯　第四章　托福閱讀經(jīng)典難句120句第四部分　托福閱讀全真模擬練習　Reading Section Practice Test 1　Reading Section Practice Test 2附錄　考試經(jīng)驗——親歷新托福練習答案

章節(jié)摘錄

　　During the second stage, improvements in hygiene, medical care, and food pro-duction led to a decrease in the death rate in newly industrializing regions of WesternEurope. However, birth rates remained high due to tradition and because many peoplewere involved in agrarian occupations. The combination of a lowered CDR and a stableCBR led to dramatic increases in population starting at the beginning of the nineteenthcentury.　　In stage three, birth rates also began to fall. In cities there was less incentive toproduce large numbers of children, since city dwellers no longer worked the land, andthe cost of raising children in an urban environment was greater than in rural districts.Furthermore, more children survived into adulthood due to improved living condi-tions. These economic pressures led to a lower CBR and over time the numbers of peo-ple being born started to approximate the numbers dying.　　The final stage, which some demographers have called the postindustrial stage, oc-curs when birth rates and death rates are about equal. In this case there is zero naturalpopulation growth. Over time the birth rate may fall below the death rate, and withoutimmigration the total population may slowly decrease. By the early twenty-first centu-ry, several European countries were experiencing population declines due to the CDRoutstripping the CBR. For example, in Italy in 2004 there were about 9 births per thou-sand against 10 deaths per thousand.　　The demographic transition took about 200 years to complete in Europe. Many de-veloping countries are still in stage two of the demographic transition model: births faroutstrip deaths. In these countries, CDR has declined due to improvements in sanita-tion and increases in food productivity, but the birth rate has still not adjusted down-ward to the new realities of improved living conditions. The imbalance of births overdeaths in the developing world is the fundamental reason for the dramatic populationexplosion in the latter half of the twentieth century. However, population statisticsindicate that in many less developed countries the CBRs have begun to decline overrecent decades, giving rise to optimism in some quarters about future trends. The rapidindustrialization of many parts of the developing world has meant that these countrieshave reached stage three of the model much faster than countries in the developedworld did during the nineteenth century. This fact has led many demographers to pre-dict that world population will reach an equilibrium level sooner and at a lower totalthan more pessimistic earlier predictions.

編輯推薦

　　《新航道·新托福閱讀高分策略》托福網(wǎng)考全面揭秘，托福閱讀詳細解碼，十大題型權威有效，能力技巧同步提高。

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