英語詩歌教程-詩歌要素與詩歌種類

前言

　　We have long conceived the idea of compiling a poetry textbook in a way different fromother such books in which the materials are arranged chronologically, believing that it issignificant to tell the students what poetry is in terms of poetic types and poetic elements. It isour best wish that we made this textbook sufficient enough for students to know what type apoem belongs to and what principles a certain type of poem follows. Therefore this book is oneof both knowledge about poetry and sample poems.This book is different from other poetry textbooks in the following ways. First, focusis shifted from poets to knowledge about poetry and sample poems. The poetic knowledgeis explained in great detail and simple terms. The book provides students with a systematicexplanation of types, elements and themes of poetry. Second, a comparative approach is adoptedin designing some questions for discussion. Many English poems are studied in a comparativecontext, eliciting students attention to both English poetry and Chinese poetry. Third, thedesign of the questions is bold in the sense that various tasks are assigned: ranging fromanalyzing, reciting, translating to making comments, making comparisons, and even experiencingpoetry-writing.The purpose of this textbook is to give students a whole picture of what poetry is, so poetryis here studied from many perspectives.In the course of compiling this book we referred to many scholars works which are of greathelp. We gradually formed our idea of compiling a poetry textbook in this style after making acomparison of different sorts of textbooks. Here we would like to express our heartfelt thanks toall those who have more or less contributed to this book. Without them, there would hardly beany inspiration in structuring this style.We cordially express our deep gratitude to Professor Hu Zhuanglin, Professor ChertJianping, Professor Shi Jian, Professor Wang Shouren, Professor Wen Qiufang, and otherprofessors whose contributions have made the textbook complete.Of course we can never forget to thank Ms Liu Yuan, Mr Jia Wei, Miss Zhang Xinqiu andHebei Normal University for their encouragement and generous support in publishing this book.Hard as we tried to be perfect, a flawless book seems too good to be true. Any criticalcomments will be sincerely welcome and highly appreciated.

內(nèi)容概要

　　《英語詩歌教程：詩歌要素與詩歌種類》主要講述了：This book is different from other poetry textbooks in the following ways.First,focusis shifted from poets to knowledge about poetry and sample poems.The poetic knowledgeis explained in great detail and simple terms.The book provides students with a systematicexplanation of types,elements and themes of poetry.Second,a comparative approach is adoptedin designing some questions for discussion.Many English poems are studied in a comparativecontext,eliciting studentsattention to both English poetry and Chinese poetry.Third,thedesign of the questions is bold in the sense that various tasks are assigned： ranging fromanalyzing,reciting,translating to making comments,making comparisons,and even experiencingpoetry-writing.

書籍目錄

PrefacePart One IntroductionChapter One Brief Introduction to British and American PoetryChapter Two What Is PoetryChapter Three How to Read a PoemChapter Four How to Evaluate a PoemChapter Five Themes of a PoemPart Two Elements of PoetryChapter One Voice: Speaker and ToneJohn Donne: The FleaRobert Frost: Stopping by Woods On a Snowy EveningWilliam Blake: The LambTheodore Roethke: My Papas WaltzRobert Hayden: Those Winter SundaysChapter Two DictionJohn Milton: Methought I Saw My Late Espoused SaintWilliam Blake: LondonWilliam Wordsworth: I Wandered Lonely as a CloudAlfred,Lord Tennyson: Crossing the BarChapter Three ImageryRobert Browning: Meeting at NightAlfred,Lord Tennyson: Break,Break,BreakEzra Pound: In a Station of the MetroSeamus Heaney: The Play WayChapter Four Figures of SpeechSection One Simile,MetaphorRobert Bums: A Red,Red RoseAlfred Tennyson: The Eagle: A FragmentSylvia Plath: MetaphorsSection Two Metonymy,SynecdocheAndrew Marvell: To His Coy MistressPercy Bysshe Shelley: OzymandiasSection Three Personification,ApostropheWilliam Wordsworth: London,1802John Keats: To AutumnSylvia Plath: MirrorSection Four IronyWilliam Blake: The Chimney SweeperStephen Crane: The War Is KindSection Five ParadoxRichard Lovelace: To Lucasta,Going to the WarWilliam Wordsworth: She Dwelt Among the Untrodden WaysThomas Hardy: HapChapter Five Symbolism and AllegoryWilliam Blake: The Sick RoseThomas Stearns Eliot: The Boston Evening TranscriptEmily Dickinson: I Heard a Fly Buzz——When I DiedWilliam Buffer Yeats: The Second ComingChapter Six SyntaxThomas Hardy: The Man He KilledWilliam Buffer Yeats: An Irish Airman Foresees His DeathChapter Seven Sound: Rhyme,Alliteration and AssonanceEmily Dickinson: The Soul Selects Her Own SocietyWystan Hugh Auden: That Night When Joy BeganChapter Eight Rhythm and MeterRobert Herriek: An Ode to HimEdna St. Vincent Millay: Gods WorldPart Three Types of PoetryChapter One Narrative PoetrySection One EpicJohn Milton: Paradise LostSection Two BalladAnonymous: Get Up and Bar the DoorJohn Keats: La Belle Dame Sans MerciSection Three RomanceAnonymous: Sir Gawain and the Green KnightChapter Two Lyric PoetrySection One SonnetWilliam Shakespeare: SonnetWilliam Wordsworth: The World Is Too Much with UsJohn Keats: On the Grasshopper and the CricketSection Two OdePercy Bysshe Shelley: Ode to the West WindJohn Keats: Ode on a Grecian UrnSection Three SongJohn Donne: SongBen Jonson: Song: To CeliaRobert Burns: Auld Lang SyneSection Four ElegyJohn Milton: LycidasThomas Gray: Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardPercy Busshe Shelley: AdonaisSection Five DirgeWilliam Shakespeare: Full Fathom FivePercy Bysshe Shelley: A DirgeSection Six AubadeJohn Donne: The Sun RisingRobert Browning: Parting at MorningSection Seven PastoralChristopher Marlowe: The Passionate Shepherd to His LoveWilliam Wordsworth: Michael: A Pastoral PoemChapter Three Dramatic PoetryRobert Browning: My Last DuchessPercy Bysshes Shelley: Prometheus UnboundChapter Four Other Types of PoetrySection One Descriptive PoetryJames Thomson: The SeasonsWilliam Wordsworth: Composed Upon Westminster Bridge,September 3,1802Section Two Reflective PoetryWilliam Cowper: The Task: The Stricken DeerSection Three Didactic PoetryAlexander Pope: An Essay on CriticismSection Four Satirical PoetryPercy Bysshe Shelley: England in 1819Erenst Jones: The Song of the Lower ClassesA Glossary of Poetic TermsList of PoetsBibliography

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Rhythm refers to any steady pattern of repetition, particularly a regular recurrence ofaccented or unaccented syllables at equal intervals. It is the basis for poetrys musical effect.Depending on how sounds are arranged, the rhythm of a poem may be fast or slow, choppyor smooth. A poet normally uses rhythm to frame pleasurable sound patterns, to construct amood, to create a response suitable to the sense of his words and ideas, and lastly to reinforce hismeaning.Meter is the regular rhythm created by the repetition of similar patterns of accented andunaccented syllables. A fact that needs to be recognized is that frequendy two lines may be of thesame meter, whereas the rhythms of the lines may be different. Meter is the structure but rhythmis the movement, and these two are related to each other. The basic unit of meter is the foot, aunit of measure consisting of stressed and unstressed syllables. A poetic foot includes six kinds:iambic, trochaic, anapestic, dactylic, spondaic and pyrrhic.An iambic line is composed primarily of iambs, an unaccented syllable followed by anaccented syllables, as in the word preVENT or conTAIN. Read the following line:The FALLing OUT of FAITHful FRIENDS, reNEWing IS of LOVE（*Capitalization indicates stressed syllables, lower case letters unstressed ones.）A trochaic line is built upon the trochee, an accented syllable followed by an unaccentedsyllable, as in FOOTball or Liquor. Read the following line:GO and WATCH the LITTle CHILDrenAn anapestic line is composed of anapests, which consist of two unaccented syllables followedby an accented syllable as in compreHEND or interVENE. Read the following line:For the MOON never BEAMS without BRINGing me DREAMS.A dactylic line is composed of dactyls, which begins with an accented syllable followed bytwo unaccented syllables as in DANgerous and CHEERfully. Read the following line and noticethe unaccented syllables in small letters:HALF a league, HALF a league, HALF a league, ONwardA spondee is a metrical foot consisting of two long syllables or two strong stresses, givingweight to a line as in SUNSET and BACKYARD. Read the following line:EACH DAY, MEN DIE.A pyrrhic is a metrical foot consisting of two short unaccented syllables varying the rhythm.Read the following line:To a GREEN THOUGHT in a GREEN SHADEMeters are classified by line lengths whose commonly used names are the following:One foot monometertwo feet dimeterthree feet trimeterfour feet tetrameterfive feet pentameter

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