土木工程材料

前言

This text was written originally by Mr. Shan Somayaji of California Polytechnic StateUniversity in San Luis Obispo and published by Prentice Hall, USA. Higher Education Pressof China would offer Chinese students some texts written in English to spread their knowl-edge. This book is recommended because it is a very practical text for the students in the junioryear. The text is rewritten based on the standards and practice in China.Although a great deal of care is taken to see that the details are current, noncontroversial,and free of error, it is natural to expect errors and omissions due to the vastness in scope andbreadth of this material. The author would be very grateful if these are brought to his notice atthe following address:School of Civil EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084The author also wishes to acknowledge the valuable contributions of Prof. Wang Lijiu ofDalian University of Technology, whose insightful comments in reviewing this manuscript aregreatly appreciated.

內(nèi)容概要

《土木工程材料(第2版)(改編版)》為高等教育出版社“世界優(yōu)秀教材中國版”系列教材之一。為了更好地優(yōu)化、整合世界優(yōu)秀教育資源，并通過本土化使其最大程度地發(fā)揮作用，豐富我國的教育資源，促進(jìn)我國的教學(xué)改革，提高我國高等教育的教學(xué)質(zhì)量，高等教育出版社決定出版“世界優(yōu)秀教材中國版”系列教材?！笆澜鐑?yōu)秀教材中國版”系列教材具有以下特征：
1.從全球各知名教育出版社精選最好的內(nèi)容資源進(jìn)行本土化改造，形成新的系列教材；
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作者簡介

改編：閻培渝  作者：（美國）索瑪亞吉(Shan Somayaji)

書籍目錄

第1章 引言11.1 材料和方法——?dú)v史的觀察1.2 土木工程材料41.3 工程材料的性能51.3.1 力、荷載和應(yīng)力71.3.2 應(yīng)變111.3.3 剛度121.3.4 塑性和脆性材料161.4 材料的選擇191.5 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)21問題23第2章 骨料242.1 骨料的種類242.1.1 按照來源和制備方法分類2.1.2 按照粒徑分類272.1.3 按照密度分類272.2 骨料的性質(zhì)302.2.1 比重和含濕量312.2.2 堆積密度和空隙362.2.3 彈性模量和強(qiáng)度372.2.4 粒級(jí)和細(xì)度模數(shù)382.2.5 其他性能43問題46第3章 混凝土和其他水泥基材料473.1 引言473.1.1 各種水泥基材料473.1.2 混凝土的用途483.2 水泥503.2.1 水硬性膠凝材料513.2.2 氣硬性膠凝材料523.3 硅酸鹽水泥543.3.1 制造過程543.3.2 水泥化學(xué)563.3.3 細(xì)度583.3.4 水泥的強(qiáng)度583.3.5 水泥的稠度593.4 水化反應(yīng)603.4.1 凝結(jié)603.4.2 硬化613.5 混凝土的性能633.5.1 新拌混凝土的性能653.5.2 影響新拌混凝土的稠度和工作性的因素693.5.3 離析和泌水703.6 拌和、澆筑和養(yǎng)護(hù)713.6.1 泵送和澆筑743.6.2 抹面工序與類型763.6.3 養(yǎng)護(hù)773.7 硬化混凝土的性能833.7.1 抗壓強(qiáng)度843.7.2 拉伸強(qiáng)度923.7.3 抗折強(qiáng)度933.7.4 應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變關(guān)系和彈性模量943.7.5 收縮973.7.6 徐變1063.7.7 碳化1073.8 耐久性1073.8.1 堿-骨料反應(yīng)1083.8.2 硫酸鹽侵蝕1093.8.3 凍融循環(huán)1103.8.4 鋼筋銹蝕1103.9 混凝土配合比設(shè)計(jì)1123.9.1 配合比設(shè)計(jì)1133.9.2 配合比設(shè)計(jì)流程1153.10 外加劑1203.10.1 化學(xué)外加劑1203.10.2 礦物外加劑或火山灰材料1253.11 混凝土的類型1303.11.1 鋼筋混凝土1303.11.2 預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土和預(yù)拌混凝土1313.11.3 纖維增強(qiáng)混凝土1333.11.4 輕混凝土1353.11.5 高強(qiáng)和高性能混凝土1373.12 其他水泥基材料1393.12.1 膠泥和膩?zhàn)?393.12.2 砂漿1413.12.3 灌漿料1413.12.4 噴射混凝土1423.12.5 土壤固化劑1433.12.6 無砂混凝土和水泥固化膠合板144問題144第4章 砌體材料1464.1 墻體材料1494.1.1 粘土磚及其制造過程1504.1.2 磚的尺寸1534.1.3 磚的性質(zhì)1534.1.4 混凝土砌塊1554.2 砂漿、膠泥和膩?zhàn)?574.2.1 石灰砂漿1584.2.2 砂漿的拌和及性質(zhì)1594.2.3 灌漿料及其用途1624.2.4 膩?zhàn)?634.3 砌體的性質(zhì)164問題168第5章 木材1695.1 木材的結(jié)構(gòu)1695.2 木材的種類1705.3 木材的物理性質(zhì)1715.3.1 含濕量1725.3.2 密度和比重1735.4 收縮和風(fēng)干1755.4.1 收縮1755.4.2 風(fēng)干1775.5 加工和耐久性1775.5.1 腐爛和劣化1795.6 力學(xué)性質(zhì)和允許值1805.7 木材制品1845.7.1 膠合板1865.7.2 層壓板1885.7.3 其他板材1905.8 徐變192問題193第6章 瀝青材料與瀝青混合料1956.1 焦油和熱解瀝青1966.2 瀝青1976.3 石油瀝青1976.3.1 粘稠瀝青1996.3.2 稀釋瀝青1996.3.3 乳化瀝青和氧化瀝青2006.4 瀝青的性質(zhì)2016.4.1 稠度2016.4.2 比重2046.4.3 耐久性2046.4.4 熱損失率2056.4.5 水穩(wěn)性2056.4.6 延性和粘附性2056.4.7 溫度穩(wěn)定性2066.4.8 硬化與老化2086.5 瀝青的分級(jí)2086.5.1 粘性和針人度2096.5.2 基于性能的分級(jí)2116.5.3 稀釋瀝青的分級(jí)2126.6 瀝青混合料2136.6.1 骨料2146.6.2 瀝青混合料的種類2166.7 瀝青路面2186.7.1 柔性路面的組成2196.7.2 穩(wěn)定性2216.8 噴涂2226.9 試驗(yàn)224問題229第7章 鋼鐵2307.1 鑄鐵和熟鐵2317.2 鋼材2347.3 鋼的性質(zhì)2367.4 結(jié)構(gòu)用鋼2397.5 鋼筋2427.6 焊接鋼筋網(wǎng)244問題246

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：The most significant requirement of a material used in civil engineering projects （such asroads, buildings, dams, foundations, bridges, and power plants） is that it be able to carry thedesign loads. In other words, the material should have adequate strength. Concrete used as afoundation slab should be able to carry the load from the superstructure and pass it on to theground below safely and without causing settlement; a wood beam supporting a timber floorshould be strong enough to transfer the floor loads to the supporting walls; the masonry of agravity dam should possess satisfactory compressive strength; and so on.As explained, however, strength is a generic term that means different things in differentapplications. Lumber used as a floor joist or signpost must command high bending strength,but when used as a pile must have significant compressive strength. However, no matter howthe loads are applied, all materials of construction are required to carry them safely.In addition to strength, materials are required to satisfy serviceability requirements, suchas deformation limits, durability aspects, constraints on performance, and adaptability. Typi-cally, serviceability implies satisfactory performance at all times. Recorded data on past per-formance, laboratory test results, and established practices will help to assess the serviceabili-ty aspects of a material.In general, a material should be able to satisfy nearly all functional aspects pertaining to aspecific job. For example, a material whose surface is slick and slippery when moist is a poorchoice for paving roads; a mortar that loses its binding property and crumbles with time is nota good choice for the construction of masonry walls; lumber that deteriorates from moisture oris susceptible to termite attack cannot be used in an exposed setting. When using varieties ofmaterials in the same project the effects of the combination of two or materials on the durabili-tv of the structure cannot be ignored, especially in assessing the long-term performance.

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