英語(yǔ)寫作基礎(chǔ)教程

前言

　　《英語(yǔ)寫作基礎(chǔ)教程》是為高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)生編寫的，同時(shí)適合師專、廣播電視大學(xué)、成人高校的英語(yǔ)專業(yè)使用，也可供英語(yǔ)水平相近的自學(xué)者參考?！　　队⒄Z(yǔ)寫作基礎(chǔ)教程》1998年出版后，因讀者需要，每年都重印，至2005年4月，已經(jīng)達(dá)到18印次，并于2001年、2002年分別獲北京市高等教育教學(xué)成果一等獎(jiǎng)、國(guó)家級(jí)教學(xué)成果二等獎(jiǎng)、全國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校優(yōu)秀教材一等獎(jiǎng)。2003年我們又推出了此書的網(wǎng)絡(luò)版，教學(xué)內(nèi)容分基礎(chǔ)寫作、實(shí)用寫作和論文寫作3部分（包括原書的第二、三、六、七章）。為了更好地幫助學(xué)生掌握英語(yǔ)寫作的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技巧，切實(shí)提高英語(yǔ)寫作水平和英語(yǔ)整體水平，網(wǎng)絡(luò)版除了增加了不少范例外，還補(bǔ)充了許多練習(xí)，同時(shí)考慮網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)的特點(diǎn)，我們?yōu)椴糠志毩?xí)提供了參考答案?！　∵@次修訂，我們多方聽(tīng)取了使用者的意見(jiàn)，一方面保持了原書實(shí)用、多舉范例、難度適中、符合有關(guān)大綱要求的四大特點(diǎn)，吸收網(wǎng)絡(luò)版的長(zhǎng)處；一方面改進(jìn)不足、全面提高?！　∫弧⑽覀儗⒃瓡牡诎苏隆?ldquo;文稿格式和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)”　提前到第一章，以便學(xué)習(xí)者一開(kāi)始就了解英語(yǔ)寫作規(guī)范，幫助他們養(yǎng)成正確的寫作習(xí)慣，為今后的學(xué)習(xí)打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。　　二、對(duì)原書內(nèi)容全面更新，如詞典部分盡可能提供最新版本的信息，論文部分采用國(guó)外英語(yǔ)論文通用的格式。　　三、本次修訂最主要的工作之一就是新增了大量的練習(xí)和部分參考答案。練習(xí)分Task和Assignment兩種，前者供課堂上使用，后者為課后作業(yè)。寫作課是實(shí)踐課，要想寫得好，只有多練。為了便于自學(xué)，我們提供了部分答案。需要特別指出的是答案僅供“參考”，因?yàn)檫€有其他可能。因此答案和書上不同，往往并非有錯(cuò)。我們希望學(xué)習(xí)者細(xì)心體會(huì)的是，在句式和選詞上不同，表達(dá)的意思也會(huì)有些差別。比較好的學(xué)習(xí)方法或許是和老師、同學(xué)相互切磋，共同提高。　　四、我們?cè)跁笤黾恿?ldquo;批改／校對(duì)符號(hào)”和“寫作錯(cuò)誤統(tǒng)計(jì)表”，前者是為了教師批改作業(yè)更規(guī)范化，后者有助于學(xué)生了解自己的問(wèn)題，以便有針對(duì)性地逐一解決。錯(cuò)誤表格分三檔：第一檔的錯(cuò)誤屬技術(shù)性問(wèn)題，學(xué)生只要細(xì)心些，多查詞典就可克服，第二檔屬于基本功問(wèn)題，這類錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)該注意盡快消滅；第三檔的問(wèn)題是需要長(zhǎng)期關(guān)注逐步提高的。學(xué)生應(yīng)該從第一檔開(kāi)始，力爭(zhēng)做到只剩下第三檔的問(wèn)題。

內(nèi)容概要

本書是作者在總結(jié)自己幾十年豐富的英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、研究近年國(guó)內(nèi)外英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)方法的基礎(chǔ)上推出的。全書用清晰、淺易的英語(yǔ)介紹了英語(yǔ)寫作的基本方法和特點(diǎn)，講解時(shí)提供了較多的例句、例段和范文，其中既有英、美作家的作品，又有中國(guó)學(xué)生的習(xí)作，內(nèi)容有趣，貼近生活，易于模仿。全書八章包括文稿格式和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的用法、選詞、造句、段落、摘要、作文、應(yīng)用文及學(xué)術(shù)論文的寫作方法。每章都附有練習(xí)題和參考答案，引導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)者循序漸進(jìn)地提高英語(yǔ)寫作水平。

書籍目錄

Chapter 1 Manuscript Form and Punctuation1 Manuscript Form1. Arrangement2. Word Division3. Capitalization4. Handwriting2 Punctuation1. The Comma2. The Period3. The Semicolon4. The Colon5. The Question Mark6. The Exclamation Mark7. Quotation Marks8. Parentheses / Brackets 9. Square Brackets10. The Dash11. TheSlash12. Underlining and ItalicsKeys for ReferenceChapter 2 Using Proper Words1 Types of Words2 Choice of Words3 SynonymsSome Good DictionariesKeys for ReferenceChapter 3 Making Correct and Effective Sentences1 Correct Sentences1. Completeness in Structure2. The Right Subject3. Agreement Between the Subject and the Predicate Verb4 Agreement Between Pronoun and Antecedent5 Clear Pronoun Reference6 Ending Sentences with Full Stops7 Joining Clauses with Conjunctions8 A Main Clause in a Complex Sentence9 Proper Use of Comparisons10 Correct Use of the Tenses2 Coordination and subobdination3 Effective Sentences1 Unity2 Coherence3 Conciseness4 Emphasis5 VarietyKeys for ReferenceChapter 4 DeveIoping Paragraphs1 Features of a Paragraph2 Ways of Developing a Paragraph1 Development by Time2 Development by Process3 Development by Space4 Development by Example5 Development by Comparison and Contrast6 Development by Cause and Effect7 Development by ClassificationKeys for ReferenceChapter 5 Summarizing1 Uses of Summary．Writing2 Procedure1 Reading2 Writing3 RevisionKeys for ReferenceChapter 6 Composing Essays1 Criteria of a Good Composition2 Steps in Writing a Composition1. Planning aComposition2. Writing the First Draft3. Revising the First Draft4. Making the Final Copy3 Three Main Parts of a Composition1. The Beginning2. The Middle3. The End4 Types of Writing1. Narration2. ExpositionKeys for ReferenceChapter 7 Writing for Practical Purposes1 Notices2 Greetings, Good Wishes, and Formal Invitations1. Greetings2. Good Wishes3. Formal Invitations3 Notes1. Appointments2. Apologies3. Informal Invitations4. Requests5. Thanks6. Messages4.Letters1 Personal Letters2. Business Letters3. Envelopes5 ResumesKeys for ReferenceChapter8 preparing Research Papers1.Definition and purpose2.Ateps1 Choosing a topic2.Collecting Information3. Analyzing the Information, Organizing Ideas and Working Out an Outline4. Writing the First Draft5. Revising the Draft and Finalizing the Paper3 Format1. Components of a Paper2. Use of Quotations3. Use of Notes4. Works CitedA Sample Research PaperKeys for Reference批改/校對(duì)符號(hào)寫作錯(cuò)誤統(tǒng)計(jì)表

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Writing in correct manuscript form is very important, because it makes it easy tread what is written and prevents misunderstanding. We should follow the general practices in writing the title, leaving the margins, paragraphing, capitalizing, and dividing words.　　When we write an essay to be read by the teacher, we should write on every other line so that there will be room for corrections. It is necessary to leave a margin of about two centimeters at the top and the bottom of the page, and one of a centimeter and a half on the fight and left side. In an exercise book the top and bottom margins are marked; we need only to draw a vertical line to mark the left margin.　　We cannot make the right margin straight or neat, unless we are using a computer, but we should never write to the very edge of the page. When the space left near the end of a line is not or barely enough for the word we are going to write, we should write the word on the next line, or divide the word if it is a long one. There must be a blank space on the fight side of the page.　　The title or topic of the essay should be placed in the middle of the first line. Every word of the title （including words following hyphens in compound words） should be capitalized, except articles, prepositions, coordinating conjunctions （and, or, but, nor, and for） and to in infinitives. But if one of these words is the first or last word of the title, it should be capitalized. Topics are generally noun phrases （nouns with their modifiers）, though other forms are possible. No full stop should be used at the end of a title. A question mark is needed if the topic is a direct question （but an indirect question isnt followed by a question mark）. The title of a book within the topic should be under-lined （italicized in printing）, and the title of an article put between quotation marks.

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