計算機科學引論

內容概要

　  《計算機科學引論》概括地介紹了計算機科學與信息技術的主要領域、各種應用及其對社會的影響。全書由15章和一些附錄組成，主要內容包括：信息技術概述；因特網、萬維網與電子商務；基本應用軟件（包括字處理、表處理、數據庫管理系統、文字和圖形演示、集成化軟件包等）；專用軟件（包括圖形圖像處理、音頻與視頻、多媒體、Web創(chuàng)作以及虛擬現實和專家系統等新興應用）；操作系統等系統軟件；計算機系統組成部件；輸入/輸出及相關外部設備；外部存儲設備；通信與網絡技術；信息系統（包括事務處理系統、管理信息系統、決策支持系統、管理支持系統等）；數據庫與應用；系統分析與設計；程序設計與程序語言；與信息技術有關的社會、組織、職業(yè)、道德、法律、安全和環(huán)境等問題；計算機發(fā)展簡介；個人計算機購機與升級指南等。書中大量的圖示、精心的版式設計，使各種概念、技術、設備等一目了然。每章之后附有綜合性的圖示小結、重要詞匯和術語列表、豐富的復習題、思考題和網上實習等?！? 《計算機科學引論》內容豐富，體裁新穎，敘述簡練清楚，英語語言規(guī)范流暢。書中比較全面地覆蓋了計算機科學與信息技術領域中基本的名詞和術語，尤其是目前十分流行和最新的一些概念和詞匯。《計算機科學引論》既可作為計算機、信息管理及相關專業(yè)計算機導論課程的教材，也可作為相應專業(yè)的計算機英語教材。

作者簡介

作者：（美國）Timothy J.O'Leary （美國）Linda I.O'Leary

書籍目錄

Chapter 1 Information Technology, the Internet, and YouInformation SystemsPeopleMaking IT Work for You:Information Technology TopicsSoftwareSystem SoftwareApplication SoftwareHardwareTypes of ComputersMicrocomputer HardwareDataConnectivity, the Wireless Revolution, and the InternetA Look to the Future: Using and Understanding Information Technology Means Being Computer CompetentVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 2 The Internet, the Web, and Electronic CommerceThe Internet and the WebAccessProvidersBrowsersCommunicationE-MailDiscussion GroupsMaking IT Work for You: Instant MessagingSearch ToolsSearch EnginesMetasearch EnginesSpecialized Search EnginesElectronic CommerceWeb StorefrontsWeb AuctionsSecurityWeb UtilitiesTelnetFTPPlug-insFiltersA Look to the Future: Internet2 Will Be a High-Performance NetworkVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 3 Basic Application SoftwareApplication SoftwareCommon FeaturesWeb-based ApplicationsMaking IT Work for You: Web-based ApplicationsWord ProcessorsFeaturesCaseSpreadsheetsFeaturesCaseDatabase Management SystemsFeaturesCasePresentation GraphicsFeaturesCaseIntegrated PackagesCaseSoftware SuitesSharing Data between ApplicationsCopy and PasteObject Linking and EmbeddingA Look to the Future: Web-based Application Software Updates Ease MaintenanceVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 4 Specialized Application SoftwareGraphicsDesktop PublishingImage EditorsIllustration ProgramsImage GalleriesGraphics SuitesAudio and VideoMultimediaLinks and ButtonsDeveloping Multimedia PresentationsMultimedia Authoring ProgramsWeb AuthoringWeb Site DesignMaking IT Work for You: Personal Web SitesWeb Authoring ProgramsEmerging ApplicationsVirtual RealityKnowledge-based (Expert) SystemsRoboticsA Look to the Future: The Future of Artificial Intelligence Is EmotionalVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 5 System SoftwareSystem SoftwareOperating SystemsFeaturesCategoriesWindowsMac OSUNIX and LinuxUtilitiesWindows UtilitiesUtility SuitesMaking IT Work for You: Virus ProtectionDevice DriversA Look to the Future: IBM Builds an Aware SupercomputerVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 6 The System UnitSystem UnitElectronic Data and InstructionsBinary Coding SchemesSystem BoardMicroprocessorSpecialty ProcessorsMemoryRAMROMCMOSSystem ClockExpansion Slots and CardsMaking IT Work for You: TV Tuner Cards and Video ClipsBus LinesExpansion BusesPortsStandard PortsCablesPower SupplyA Look to the Future: Xybernaut Corporation Makes Wearable Computers a RealityVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 7 Input and OutputWhat Is Input?Keyboard EntryKeyboardsFeaturesPointing DevicesMouseJoystickTouch ScreenLight PenScanning DevicesOptical ScannersBar Code ReadersCharacter and Mark Recognition DevicesImage Capturing DevicesDigital CameraDigital Video CameraDigitizing DevicesGraphics TabletsDigital NotebooksAudio Input DevicesVoiceMaking IT Work for You: Digital PhotographyMusicWhat Is Output?MonitorsFeaturesCathode-Ray TubeFlat-Panel MonitorOther MonitorsPrintersFeaturesInk-Jet PrinterLaser PrinterThermal PrinterOther PrintersAudio-Output DevicesCombination Input and Output DevicesFax MachinesMultifunction DevicesInternet TelephoneTerminalsA Look to the Future: Neural Signals Inc. Creates Brain-Machine InterfaceVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 8 Secondary StorageStorageFloppy DisksTraditional Floppy DiskHigh Capacity Floppy DiskHard DisksInternal Hard DiskHard-Disk CartridgesHard-Disk PacksPerformance EnhancementsOptical DisksCompact DiscDigital Versatile DiscMaking IT Work for You: Music from the InternetDataPlayOther Types of Secondary StorageSolid-State StorageInternet Hard DrivesMagnetic TapeA Look to the Future: Blu-Ray Technology Expected to Replace DVDVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 9 Communications and NetworksCommunicationsConnectivityThe Wireless RevolutionCommunication SystemsCommunication ChannelsPhysical ConnectionsWireless ConnectionsConnection DevicesModemsTypes of ConnectionsData TransmissionBandwidthProtocolsNetworksTermsNetwork TypesLocal Area NetworksHome NetworksMetropolitan Area NetworksWide Area NetworksMaking IT Work for You: Home NetworkingNetwork ArchitectureConfigurationsStrategiesOrganizational Internets: Intranets and ExtranetsIntranetsExtranetsFirewallsA Look to the Future: Toyota and Sony Create Wireless Robotic CarVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 10 Privacy and SecurityPeoplePrivacyLarge DatabasesPrivate NetworksThe Internet and the WebMajor Laws on PrivacyMaking IT Work for You: Spyware RemovalSecurityComputer CriminalsComputer CrimeOther HazardsMeasures to Protect Computer SecurityErgonomicsPhysical HealthMental HealthDesignThe EnvironmentThe Green PCPersonal ResponsibilityA Look to the Future: Presence Technology Makes Finding People EasyVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 11 Information SystemsOrganizational Information FlowFunctionsManagement LevelsInformation FlowComputer-Based Information SystemsTransaction Processing SystemsManagement Information SystemsDecision Support SystemsExecutive Support SystemsOther Information SystemsCase Study: Information Systems at DVD DirectA Look to the Future: Information OverloadVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 12 DatabasesDataData OrganizationKey FieldBatch versus Real-Time ProcessingDatabasesNeed for DatabasesDatabase ManagementDBMS StructureHierarchical DatabaseNetwork DatabaseRelational DatabaseMultidimensional DatabaseObject-Oriented DatabaseTypes of DatabasesIndividualCompany or SharedDistributedProprietaryWeb DatabaseDatabase Uses and IssuesStrategic UsesSecurityCase Study: Databases at DVD DirectA Look to the Future: Xperanto Makes Database Searches EasierVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 13 Systems Analysis and DesignSystems Analysis and DesignPhase 1: Preliminary InvestigationDefining the ProblemSuggesting Alternative SystemsPreparing a Short ReportPhase 2: AnalysisGathering DataAnalyzing the DataDocumenting Systems AnalysisPhase 3: DesignDesigning Alternative SystemsSelecting the Best SystemWriting the Systems Design ReportPhase 4: DevelopmentAcquiring SoftwareAcquiring HardwareTesting the New SystemPhase 5: ImplementationTypes of ConversionTrainingPhase 6: MaintenancePrototyping and Rapid ApplicationsDevelopmentPrototypingRapid Applications DevelopmentCase Study: Systems Analysis and Design at DVD DirectA Look to the Future: Rapid ChangeVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 14 Programming and LanguagesPrograms and ProgrammingWhat Is a Program?What Is Programming?Step 1: Program SpecificationProgram ObjectivesDesired OutputInput DataProcessing RequirementsDocument Program SpecificationsStep 2: Program DesignTop-Down Program DesignPseudocodeFlowchartsLogic StructuresStep 3: Program CodeThe Good ProgramCodingStep 4: Program TestSyntax ErrorsLogic ErrorsTesting ProcessStep 5: Program DocumentationStep 6: Program MaintenanceOperationsChanging NeedsCASE and OOPCASE ToolsObject-Oriented Software DevelopmentGenerations of ProgrammingLanguagesMachine Languages: The First GenerationAssembly Languages: The Second GenerationHigh-Level Procedural Languages: The Third GenerationProblem-Oriented Languages: The Fourth GenerationNatural Languages and Visual Programming Languages: The Fifth GenerationCase Study: Programming at DVD DirectA Look to the Future: MI-tech Takes the Pain Out of ProgrammingVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioChapter 15 Your Future and Information TechnologyChanging TimesTechnology and OrganizationsNew ProductsNew EnterprisesNew Customer and Supplier RelationshipsTechnology and PeopleCynicismNaiveteFrustrationProactivityHow You Can Be a WinnerStay CurrentMaintain Your Computer CompetencyMaking IT Work for You: Locating Job Opportunities OnlineDevelop Professional ContactsDevelop SpecialtiesBe Alert for Organizational ChangeLook for Innovative OpportunitiesA Look to the Future: Maintaining Computer Competency and Becoming ProactiveVisual SummaryKey TermsChapter ReviewUsing TechnologyExpanding Your KnowledgeBuilding Your PortfolioThe Evolution of the Computer AgeThe Buyer's Guide: How to Buy Your Own Microcomputer SystemThe Upgrader's Guide: How to Upgrade Your Own Microcomputer SystemAppendixGlossaryCreditsIndex

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：The purpose of this book is to help you become competent in computer-related skills. Computer competency： This notion may not be familiar to you, but it's easy to understand. Specifically, we want to help you walk into a job and immediately be valuable to an employer.In this chapter, we first present an overview of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. Competent end users need to understand these basic parts and how connectivity through the Internet and the Web expands the role of information technology （IT） in our lives. In subsequent chapters, we will describe these parts of an information system in detail.Fifteen years ago, most people had little to do with computers, at least directly. Of course, they filled out computerized forms, took computerized tests, and paid computerized bills. But the real work with computers was handled by specialists-programmers, data entry clerks, and computer operators.Then microcomputers came along and changed everything. Today it is easy for nearly everybody to use a computer. Now:Microcomputers are common tools in all areas of life. Writers write, artists draw, engineers and scientists calculate-all on microcomputers. Students and businesspeople do all this, and more.New forms of learning have developed. People who are homebound, who work odd hours, or who travel frequently may take courses on the Web. A college course need not fit within the usual time of a quarter or a semester.New ways to communicate, to find people with similar interests, and to buy goods are available. All kinds of people are using electronic mail, electronic commerce, and the Internet to meet and to share ideas and products.What about you？ How are you using information technology？ Many interesting and practical uses have recently surfaced to make our personal lives richer and more entertaining. These applications range from recording digital video clips to creating personalized Web sites.Competent end users need to know the five parts of an information system: people, procedures, soft-ware, hardware, and data. Additionally, they need to understand connectivity, the wireless revolution, the Internet, and the Web and to recognize the role of in-formation technology in their professional and personal lives.

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《計算機科學引論(2005影印版)》是由高等教育出版社出版。

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