信息技術(shù)與應(yīng)用導(dǎo)論

前言

20世紀(jì)末，以計(jì)算機(jī)和通信技術(shù)為代表的信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)，對(duì)世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、科技、教育、文化、衛(wèi)生等方面的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響，由此而興起的信息產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的支柱。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，各國(guó)為了加快本國(guó)的信息產(chǎn)業(yè)，加大了資金投入和政策扶持。為了加快我國(guó)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的進(jìn)程，在我國(guó)《國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十個(gè)五年計(jì)劃綱要》中，明確提出“以信息化帶動(dòng)工業(yè)化，發(fā)揮后發(fā)優(yōu)勢(shì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的跨越式發(fā)展?！毙畔a(chǎn)業(yè)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)將日趨激烈。在我國(guó)加入wTQ后，我國(guó)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)將面臨國(guó)外競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)成敗最終將取決于信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)人才的多少與優(yōu)劣。在20世紀(jì)末，我國(guó)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)雖然得到迅猛發(fā)展，但與國(guó)際先進(jìn)國(guó)家相比，差距還很大。為了趕上并超過國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平，我國(guó)必須加快信息技術(shù)人才的培養(yǎng)，特別要培養(yǎng)一大批具有國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力的高水平的信息技術(shù)人才，促進(jìn)我國(guó)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)和國(guó)家信息化水平的全面提高。為此，教育部高等教育司根據(jù)教育部呂福源副部長(zhǎng)的意見，在長(zhǎng)期重視推動(dòng)高等學(xué)校信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)的教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上，將實(shí)施超前發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，采取一些重要舉措，加快推動(dòng)高等學(xué)校的信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)等相關(guān)專業(yè)的教學(xué)工作。在大力宣傳、推薦我國(guó)專家編著的面向21世紀(jì)和“九五”重點(diǎn)的信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)課程教材的基礎(chǔ)上，在有條件的高等學(xué)校的某些信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)課程中推動(dòng)使用國(guó)外優(yōu)秀教材的影印版進(jìn)行英語或雙語教學(xué)，以縮短我國(guó)在計(jì)算機(jī)教學(xué)上與國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平的差距，同時(shí)也有助于強(qiáng)化我國(guó)大學(xué)生的英語水平。為了達(dá)到上述目的，在分析一些出版社已影印相關(guān)教材，一些學(xué)校已試用影印教材進(jìn)行教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上，教育部高等教育司組織并委托高等教育出版社開展國(guó)外優(yōu)秀信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)優(yōu)秀教材及其教學(xué)輔助材料的引進(jìn)研究與影印出版的試點(diǎn)工作。為推動(dòng)用影印版教材進(jìn)行教學(xué)創(chuàng)造條件。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《信息技術(shù)與應(yīng)用導(dǎo)論（第7版影印版）》綜合介紹信息技術(shù)的知識(shí)、技能以及與信息技術(shù)相關(guān)的人文和社會(huì)方面的內(nèi)容。作為各專業(yè)的信息技術(shù)導(dǎo)論性課程，《信息技術(shù)與應(yīng)用導(dǎo)論（第7版影印版）》既介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，同時(shí)也介紹了如何使用計(jì)算機(jī)處理日常報(bào)表、報(bào)告、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、通信等。《信息技術(shù)與應(yīng)用導(dǎo)論（第7版影印版）》盡可能地將最有用的信息綜合起來提供給讀者，因此，《信息技術(shù)與應(yīng)用導(dǎo)論（第7版影印版）》具有如下特點(diǎn)：①覆蓋面廣。幾乎包含了要了解IT技術(shù)所必須掌握的所有核心概念和內(nèi)容，詳而不繁。②實(shí)用性強(qiáng)。所講述的軟件都是最新的，涉及的內(nèi)容包羅萬象。③復(fù)習(xí)鞏固提高。每章都有關(guān)鍵問題表，章末都有“是什么、怎么做、為什么重要”式的小結(jié)，每章都有自我測(cè)試題和思考題。④豐富的補(bǔ)充材料。有教師參考資料（試題庫(kù)、教師手冊(cè)、PowerPoint幻燈片）、視頻片段、互動(dòng)式配套光盤、自助學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)，提供兩種自我測(cè)試軟件。　　內(nèi)容：1. 概述 2. 硬件 3. I/O硬件 4. 存儲(chǔ)器 5. 系統(tǒng)軟件 6. 應(yīng)用軟件 7. 通信技術(shù)8. 通信技術(shù)的使用 9. 信息系統(tǒng)的分析與設(shè)計(jì) 10. 軟件編程與語言 11. 信息管理 12. 文件與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 13. 高級(jí)計(jì)算 14. 種族、隱私、安全與社會(huì)問題。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

作者：(美國(guó))哈奇森

書籍目錄

1.Overview:The Foundation for Your Future1.1 Whw Is the User?—Mostly People Like You1.2 The Importance ot Becoming1.3 What Is a Comprter-Based InformationThe Digital Basis of ComputersThe Analog Basis of Life1.4 Comprter HardwareInput HardwareProcessing and Memory(Primary Storage)HardwareOutput HardwareSecondary Storage HardwareCommunications Hardware1.5 Computer SoftwareSystem Software:The Computer's BossApplications Software:Your Servant1.6 Types of Computer Systems:What's the Difference?1.7 Milestones in Computer DevelopmentThe Evolution of Computers:Data Overload or Knowledge1.8 Computiong Trends:Connectivity,Interactivity,and Digital ConvergenceConnectivityInteractivity Digital ConvergenceCAREER BOX:Using Computers in Real EstateCAREER BOX:Using Computers in Government and PoliticsSummaryExerciusesEPISODE 1:Starting a Web Business E1.362.Processing Hardware:Turning Data into Something You Can Use2.1 How Data and Programs Are Represented in the ComputerBinary Coding SchemesThe Parity Bit:Checking for ErrorsMachine Language:Your Brand of Computer's Very Own LanguageHow Computer Capacity Is Expressed:Bit by Bit2.2 The Processor,Main Memory,and RegistersThe Processor In ChargeSpecialized Processor Chips:Assistants to the CPUCISC,RISC,and MPP:Not All Processors Are Created EqualMain Memory:Working Storqge Area for the CPURegisters The Machine Cycle:How a Single Instruction Is Processed2.3 Telling Computers Apart:RAM Capacity,Word Size,and Processor SpeedRAM CapacityWord SizeProcessing Speeds2.4 Focus on the Microcomputer:What's Inside?The Power SupplyThe MotherboardThe MicroprocessorRAM ChipsROM ChipsOther Forms of MemoryPorts:Connecting PeripheralsExpansion Slots and Boards2.5 Coming Attractions?CAREER BOX:Using Computers in LawCAREER BOX:Using Computers in Information TechnolgySummaryExercises3 Input/Output Hardware:Interfaces Between You& the Computer3.1 I/O, I/O, It's Off to Work We Go 3.2 Input Hardware  Keyboard InputPointing DevicesSource-Data Entry Scanning Devices  Voice Recognition Audio Input DevicesVideo and Photographic Input  Sensors Human-Biology Input Devices  Multimedia Input Needs  Input Controls: Preserving Data Integrity 3.3 Output Hardware  Impact PrintersNonimpact PrintersPlotters Installing a Printer or Plotter  Muttifunction Printer Technology." One for All  MonitorsFuture Display Technology  Audio Output Hardware Multimedia Output Needs 3.4 In and Out: Devices That Do BothTerminals Smart Cards and Optical Cards  Touch Screens  Now You See It, Now You Don't  CAREER BON,: Using Computers inLaw EnforcementCAREER BOX: Using Computers inGenealogySummary ExercisesEPISODE 2: Deciding to Start Your WebBusiness  4 Storage Hardware:Preserving Data& Information  4.1 Storage Fundamentals  Common Elements of Storage Technology Types of FilesWhat Can You Do with Files Besides Filing Them?  4.2 Tape Storage4.3 Diskette StorageHow a Disk Drive WorksCharacteristics of Diskettes 4.4 Hard Disks Nonremovable Internal Hard Disk Drives of MicrocomputersMicrocomputer Hard Disk Variations." Power and PortabilityVirtual Memory: Using Disk Space to Increase RAM  Hard Disk Technology for Large Computer Systems  Future Hard Disk Technology." The MR Head  4.5 Optical DisksCD-ROM DisksCD-R Disks CD-RW Disks DVD-ROM." The "Digital Convergence" Disk 4.6 The Importance of Backup  4.7 Other Forms of Secondary StorageFlash-Memory Cards  Advanced Storage Technology CAREER BOX: Using Computers inAgricultureSummary  Exercises5 System Software: The Director  5.1 Two Basic Software Types: For theComputer and for the User 5.2 System Software Components Operating System: In ControlUtility Programs: Helping Hands  Language Translators  System Software Interfaces5.3 Common Operating Systems:Platforms  DOS and Windows 3.x Windows 9x  Windows NT I Windows 2000  OSl2 Warp  Unix LinuxMacintosh OS Net Ware  5.4 The Future: Is the Web ChangingEverything? Bloatware or the Network Computer?  The Jolt from Java  CAREER BOX: Using Computers inPhotography Summary  Exercises6 Applications Software:The User's Tools6.1 Applications Software Tools  6.2 Common Features of Applications Software Compatibility Issues: What Goes with What?6.3 Productivity Software Tools  Word Proeessing Software  Spreadsheet Software Personal Finance SoftwarePresentation Graphics  Database Management System SoftwareGroupware Desktop Accessories and PIMs Integrated Software and Software SuitesWeb Browsers 6.4 Specialty Applications Software ToolsDesktop-Publishing Software  Project Management Software  Computer-Aided Design (CAD) andManufacturing (CAM)  Drawing and Painting Software  Multimedia Authoring Software  6.5 Installing and Updating Applications SoftwareInstalling Applications SoftwareSoftware Versions and Releases  6.6 Ethics and Intellectual Property Rights: When Can You Copy?  What Is a Copyright? Piracy, Plagiarism. and Ownership of Image and Sounds  Public Domain Software, Freeware, and SharewareProprietary Software and Types of Licenses The Software Police  CAREER BOX: Using Computers inAutomobile Manufacturing CAREER BOX: Using Computers inSportsSummaryExercisesEPISODE 3: Planing for Commerce at YourSite7Communi cationsTechnology: StartingAlong the InformationSuperhighway 7.1 Using Computers to CommunicateTechnological Basics Analog Signals: Continuous Waves  Digital Signals: Discrete Bursts  The Modem: The Great TranslatorCommunications Software  ISDN,, Cable Modems, ADSL, and Dishes:Faster, Faster, Faster?7.2 Communications Channels: The Conduitsof Communications Twisted-Pair Wire Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic CableMicrowave Systems Satellite Systems Other Wireless Communications7.3 Factors Affecting Communications Among DevicesTransmission Rate." Higher Frequency, Wider BandwMth. More Data  Line Configurations: Poin t-to-Point and Multipoint  Serial and Parallel Transmission  Direction of Transmission Flow: Simplex,Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex Transmission Mode: Asynchronous VersusSynchronous Packet Switching: Getting More Data on a Network  Multiplexing: Enhancing CommunicationsEfficienctes  Protocols: The Rules of DataTransmission7.4 Communications Networks  Types of Networks: Wide Area, MetropolitanArea. and Local Some Network Features: Hosts and Nodes.Downloading and UptoadingAdvantages of Networks 7.5 Local Networks  Types of Local Networks: PBXs and LANs Types of LANs: Client-Server andPeer-to-Peer  Topology of LANs  7.6 Networking at Work  Fax Messages Voice Mail Electronic MailVideoconferencing and V-MailWorkgrouping Computing and Groupware Electronic Data InterchangeIntranets and Extranets  Telecommuting  The Virtual OfficeCAREER BOX: Using Careers inRetailing (E-Tailing) Summary  Exercises Uses of CommunicationsTechnology: Tel ecommuti ng,Online Resources, &the Internet  8.1 TheInternet  Where Did the Internet Come From?  Connecting to the Internet  What Can You Use the Internet for? Internet Addresses  8.2 The World Wide Web  Popular Uses of the Web  Browsing the Web  Searching the Web Experiencing Multimedia on the Web  Designing Web Pages  Push Technology: Web Sites Come Lookingfor You  8.3 Online Services: Who Should UseThem? Online Services Versus Portals: Is There a Difference?  3.Input/Output Hardware:Interfaces Between You & the Computer4.Storage Hardware:Preserving Data & Information5.System Software:The Director6.Applications Software:The User's Tools7.Communications Technology:Starting Along The Information Superhighway8.Uses of Communications Technology:Telecommuting,Online Resources,& The Internet9.Information Systems Analysis & Design:The Systems Development Life Cycle10.Software Programming & Languages:Where Software Comes From11.Information Management:Who Needs To Know What,& When?12.Files & Databases:Organizing & Maintaining Digital Data13.Advances in Computing:Multimedia,Artificial Intelligence,&Intelligent Agents14.Ethics,Privacy,Security,&Social Questions:Computing for Right Living

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：Function keys: Function keys are labeledwith an F and a number, such as F1 andF2. They are used for issuing commands,not typing in characters. Desktop microcom-puters usually have 12 function keys, porta-bles often only 10.defined by the software you are using. For example, in one program, pressing F2 may print your document; in a different program, pressing F2 may save your work to disk. The documentation manual that comes with the software tells you how to use the function keys. Also, some companies make smalltemplates that fit around or above the function keys and list the commands that the function keys correspond to.Many keyboards also include built-in enhancements such as microphones,speakers, and volume control.As computers have become more widespread, so has the incidence of varioushand and wrist injuries. Accordingly, keyboard manufacturers have been giving alot of attention to ergonomics. Ergonomics is the study of the physical relation-ships between people and their work environment; that is, it is the science ofdesigning equipment for a safe and comfortable environment. Ergonomics dealswith designing efficient and safe chairs, desks, and lights. It also recommends safeviewing distances from monitors. Keyboard manufacturers, as a result ofergonomic studies, have developed ergonomically sound keyboards to help preventinjuries and for use by physically challenged individuals. （See Figure 3.3. ）

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《信息技術(shù)與應(yīng)用導(dǎo)論(第7版影印版)》是由高等教育出版社出版的。

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