數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

前言

20世紀(jì)末，以計(jì)算機(jī)和通信技術(shù)為代表的信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)，對(duì)世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、科技、教育、文化、衛(wèi)生等方面的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響，由此而興起的信息產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的支柱。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，各國(guó)為了加快本國(guó)的信息產(chǎn)業(yè)，加大了資金投入和政策扶持。為了加快我國(guó)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的進(jìn)程，在我國(guó)《國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十個(gè)五年計(jì)劃綱要》中，明確提出“以信息化帶動(dòng)工業(yè)化，發(fā)揮后發(fā)優(yōu)勢(shì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的跨越式發(fā)展。”信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)將日趨激烈。在我國(guó)加入WTO后，我國(guó)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)將面臨國(guó)外競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)成敗最終將取決于信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)人才的多少與優(yōu)劣。在20世紀(jì)末，我國(guó)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)雖然得到迅猛發(fā)展，但與國(guó)際先進(jìn)國(guó)家相比，差距還很大。為了趕上并超過國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平，我國(guó)必須加快信息技術(shù)人才的培養(yǎng)，特別要培養(yǎng)一大批具有國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力的高水平的信息技術(shù)人才，促進(jìn)我國(guó)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)和國(guó)家信息化水平的全面提高。為此，教育部高等教育司根據(jù)教育部呂福源副部長(zhǎng)的意見，在長(zhǎng)期重視推動(dòng)高等學(xué)校信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)的教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上，將實(shí)施超前發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，采取一些重要舉措，加快推動(dòng)高等學(xué)校的信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)等相關(guān)專業(yè)的教學(xué)工作。在大力宣傳、推薦我國(guó)專家編著的面向21世紀(jì)和“九五”重點(diǎn)的信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)課程教材的基礎(chǔ)上，在有條件的高等學(xué)校的某些信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)課程中推動(dòng)使用國(guó)外優(yōu)秀教材的影印版進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)或雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)，以縮短我國(guó)在計(jì)算機(jī)教學(xué)上與國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平的差距，同時(shí)也有助于強(qiáng)化我國(guó)大學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)水平。

內(nèi)容概要

本書自1994年初版以來(lái)，已成為學(xué)習(xí)、設(shè)計(jì)及使用關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)人員的一本經(jīng)典教材。它從理論和實(shí)踐兩方面對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)和編程均做了嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)谋硎?。其?nèi)容包括關(guān)系理論、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編程及運(yùn)行-轉(zhuǎn)儲(chǔ)結(jié)果。每一部分均從基本原理出發(fā)，再用實(shí)際系統(tǒng)中的實(shí)例來(lái)說(shuō)明。     本次修訂版反映了6年來(lái)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)領(lǐng)域總體的進(jìn)步和發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)，書中重點(diǎn)講述了對(duì)象關(guān)系模型；介紹了一些系統(tǒng)（如Oracle、DB2和Informix等）中通用的新概念；對(duì)隔離技術(shù)作了更新介紹；對(duì)運(yùn)行結(jié)果的表述更現(xiàn)代。相對(duì)于初始標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)說(shuō)，SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)語(yǔ)言有了非常重要的變化，所以對(duì)對(duì)象關(guān)系給予特別講述。本書還介紹了SQL-99設(shè)計(jì)方法及與之相關(guān)的原理方法及主要產(chǎn)品。本書的作者是在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)界工作30多年的資深專家，富于教學(xué)和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。本書力圖在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)領(lǐng)域各不相同的思想和趨勢(shì)中找到一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的觀點(diǎn)提供給讀者。     本書對(duì)于初接觸數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的讀者不啻為一本極好的教材；對(duì)于那些對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展還未給予足夠關(guān)注的人是一本易于接受的參考書；同時(shí)也是設(shè)計(jì)人員和編程人員及時(shí)更新知識(shí)的有用的參考書。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

Parick O'Neil is a professor of computer science at the Uniersity of Massachusetts at Boston. He is responsible for a number of important results in transactonal performance and disk access algorithms,and he holds patents for his work in these and other database areas.Elizabeth O'Neil is a professor of computer science at the University of Massachusetts at Boston.She serves as a comsult-ant to Sybase IQin Concor, Massachusetts,and has worked with a number of other corporations,includin Microsoft adn Bolt,Beranek,and Newman.

書籍目錄

ForewordPrefaceChapter 1 Introduction   1.1 Fundamental Database Concepts　　History of Database Systems　　The Relational and Object-Relational Models　　The Database Systems Covered　　A Relational Database Example　　An Object-Relational Database Example　1.2 Database Users　1.3 Overview of Relational and Object-Relational DBMS　　Chapter 2: The Relational Model　　Chapter 3: Basic SQL Query Language　　Chapter 4: The Object-Relational Model　　Chapter 5: Programs to Access a Database　　Chapter 6: Database Design　　Chapter 7: Integrity, Views, Security, and Catalogs　　Chapter 8: Indexing　　Chapter 9: Query Processing　　Chapter 10: Update Transactions　　Chapter 11: Parallel and Distributed Databases　1.4 Putting It All TogetherChapter 2 The Relational Model 　2.1 The CAP Database　2.2 Naming the Parts of a Database　　Domains and Datatypes　　Tables and Relations　2.3 Relational Rules　2.4 Keys, Superkeys, and Null Values　　Null Values　2.5 Relational algebra 　　Fundamental Operations of Relational Algebra　2.6 Set-Theoretic Operations　　The Union, Intersection, and Difference Operations　　Assignment and Alias　　The Product Operation　2.7 Native Relational Operations　　The Projection Operation　　The Selection Operation　　Precedence of Relational Operations　　The Join Operation　　The Division Operation　2.8 The Interdependence of Operations　2.9 Illustrative Examples　2.10 Other Relational Operations　　Outer Join　　Theta JoinChapter 3 Basic SQL Query Language 　3.1 Introduction　　SQL Capabilities　　SQL History-Standards and Dialects　3.2 Setting Up the Database　　Standard Typographical Conventions　　A Practical Exercise　3.3 Simple Select Statements　3.4 Subqueries　　The IN Predicate　　The Quantified Comparison Predicate　　The EXISTS Predicate　　A Weakness of SQL: Too Many Equivalent Forms　3.5 UNION Operators and FOR ALL Conditions　　The UNION Operator　　Division: SQL "FOR ALL..." Conditions　3.6 Some Advanced SQL Syntax　　The INTERSECT and EXCEPT Operators in Advanced SQL　　Join Forms in Advanced SQL　　OUTER JOIN　　Join Forms Implemented in Database Systems　3.7 Set Functions in SQL Handling Null Values　3.8 Groups of Rows in SQL　3.9 A Complete Dexcription of SQL Select　　Identifiers　　Expressions, Predicates, and the search_condition　　Scalar Subqueries as Expressions:Advanced SQL　　Basic SQL versus Advanced SQL: Summary　　A Discussion of the Predicates　3.10 Insert, Update, and Delete Statements　　The Insert Statement　　The Update Statement　　The Delete Statement　3.11 The Power of the Select Statement　　The Non-Procedural Select Statement　　Turing Power　　Limited Power of the Basic SQL Select StatementChapter 4 Object-Relational SQL　4.1 Introduction　　ORSQL Capabilities　　Form of Presentation for This Chapter　　Object-Relational History　4.2 Objects and Tables　　4.2.1 Object Types in ORACLE　　　　Definition of the REF Object Reference　　4.2.2 INFORMIX Row Types for Objects　　　　Absence of Refs in INFORMIX　　　　Type Inheritance in INFORMIX　　4.2.3 Objects and Tables: Summary　　　　Object Orientation　4.3 Collection Types　　4.3.1 Collection Types in ORACLE　　　　Table Types and Nested Tables　　　　Two Techniques for Retrieving from a Table of Tables　　　　Unnesting via Table Products　　　　Nested Cursors　　　　Array Types for VARRAYs　　　　SQL SYntax for Collections in ORACLE　　　　Inserts and Updates in ORACLE　　4.3.2 Collection Types in INFORMIX　　　　Sets in INFORMIX　　　　Lists in INFORMIX　　　　SQL Syntax for Collections in INFORMIX　　　　inserts and Updates in INFORMIX　　4.3.3 Collection Types:Summary　4.4 Procedural SQL, User-Defined Functions (UDFs), and Methods　　4.4.1 ORACLE PL/SQL Procedures, UDFs, and Methods　　　　PL/SQL: ORACLE's Procedural SQL Language　　　　Using PL/LQL to Implement Methods in ORACLE　　　　Update Methods　　4.4.2 INFORMIX User-Defined Functions　　　　SPL:INFORMIX's Procedural SQL Language　　　　Using SPL to Implement UDFs in INFORMIX　　　　Update Functions　　4.4.3 User-Defined Functions:Summary　4.5 External Functions and Packaged User-Defined Types(UDTs)　　Binary Data and BLOBs　　External Functions　　Encapsulation　　Distinct Types　　BLOB Objects　　Packaged UDTs and Other Encapsulated UDTs　　SummaryChapter 5 Programs to Access a Database Chapter 6 Database Design Chapter 7 Integrity, Views, Security, and Catalogs Chapter 8 Indexing Chapter 9 Query Processing Chapter 10 Update Transactions Chapter 11 Parallel and Distributed Databases Appendix A Introductory TutorialAppendix B Programming DetailsAppendix C SQL Statement SyntaxAppendix D Set Query CountsSolutions to Selected ExercisesIndex

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：The Courses table in Figure 1.1a lists the set of courses offered,with course numbergiven by cno，course name by cname，the room where the course meets by croom，and thedays and period it meets by time.The time column values are encoded：for example，MW2 means Monday and Wednesday during period 2.The enrollment table has onlythree columns：each row of the table pairs up a student with given student ID，sid，and acourse that the student iS taking，represented by cno，together with whether（Yes or No）the course iS in the student major，major.For example，student 1 has a declared major inmathematics and student 3 has a major in modern languages.The three tables of Figure1.1a together represent a relational database.Note that we use lowercase names（inmonofont type）for tables and column names，but many other texts use uppercase names.A number of other concepts governing the tabular representation of data in the rela-tional model will be covered starting in Chapter 2,but we mention one concept now,known as the first normal form rule：in the relational model.a column of a table mustcontain a single，unstructured value.The unstructured value constraint implies，for exam-pie，that we cannot place both the last name and first name as separate values that can beseparately set and retrieved in a single column：that iS，we cannot create a column thatlooks like a C struct or lava class.

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《數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù):原理編程與性能(影印版)(第2版)》是由高等教育出版社出版。

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