極端非線性光學

內容概要

　　Following the birth of the laser in 1960, the field of
"nonlinear optics" rapidly emerged. Today, laser intensities and
pulse durations are readily available, for which the concepts and
approximations of traditional nonlinear optics no longer apply. In
this regime of "extreme nonlinear optics," a large variety of novel
and unusual effects arise, for example frequency doubling in
inversion symmetric materials or high-harmonic generation in gases,
which can lead to attosecond electromagnetic pulses or pulse
trains. Other examples of "extreme nonlinear optics" cover diverse
areas such as solid-state physics, atomic physics, relativistic
free electrons in a vacuum and even the vacuum itself. This book
starts with an introduction to the field based primarily on
extensions of two famous textbook examples, namely the Lorentz
oscillator model and the Drude model. Here the level of
sophistication should be accessible to any undergraduate physics
student. Many graphical illustrations and examples are given. The
following chapters gradually guide the student towards the current
"state of the art" and provide a comprehensive overview of the
field. Every chapter is accompanied by exercises to deepen the
reader's understanding of important topics, with detailed solutions
at the end of the book.

書籍目錄

1 Introduction
　1.1 "Traditional" Nonlinear Optics - Extreme Nonlinear
Optics
　1.2 How to Read this Book?
2 Selected Aspects of Few-Cycle Laser Pulses and Nonlinear Optics
.
　2.1 Maxwell Equations
　2.2 The Light Intensity
　2.3 Electric Field in a Laser Resonator
　2.4 A Brief Look at Phenomenological Nonlinear Optics
　2.5 Even-Harmonic Generation and Inversion Symmetry
　2.6 Principle of Measuring the Carrier-Envelope Frequency
3 The Lorentz Oscillator Model and Beyond
　3.1 Linear Optics: Revisiting the Lorentz Oscillator Model
　3.2 Two-Level Systems and Rabi Energy
　3.3 Carrier-Wave Rabi Flopping
　3.4 Frequency Doubling with Inversion Symmetry
　3.5 Quantum Interference of Multiphoton Absorption
　3.6 High Harmonics from Two-Level Systems
　　3.6.1 The "Static-Field Approximation".
　　3.6.2 The "Square-Wave Approximation".
　　3.6.3 The Dressed Two-Level System: Fioquet States
4 The Drude Free-Electron Model and Beyond
　4.1 Linear Optics: The Drude Model
　4.2 Electron Wave Packets Driven by Light
　　4.2.1 Semiclassical Considerations
　　4.2.2 Quantum-Mechanical Treatment: Dressed Electrons
　4.3 Crystal Electrons
　　4.3.1 Static-Field Case
　　4.3.2 High Harmonics from Carrier-Wave Bloch Oscillations
　4.4 Extreme Nonlinear Optics of Relativistic Electrons
　　4.4.1 Second-Harmonic Generation and Photon Drag
　　4.4.2 Nonperturbative Regime
　4.5 Extreme Nonlinear Optics of Dirac Electrons
　4.6 Unruh Radiation
5 Lorentz Becomes Drude: Bound-Unbound Transitions
　5.1 High-Harmonic Generation: Phenomenological Approach
　5.2 The Keldysh Parameter
　5.3 Field Ionization of Atoms
　5.4 High-Harmonic Generation
　　5.4.1 Three-Step Scenario and Cutoff
　5.5 Application to Photoemission from Metal Surfaces
6 Accounting for Propagation Effects
　6.1 Numerical Solution of the Nonlinear Maxwell Equations
　6.2 Slowly Varying Envelope Approximation
　6.3 Gouy Phase and Carrier-Envelope Phase
　6.4 Reshaping of the Amplitude Spectrum
7 Extreme Nonlinear Optics of Semiconductors and Isolators
　7.1 Carrier-Wave Rabi Flopping
　　7.1.1 Experiment
　　7.1.2 Theory
　　7.1.3 Dependence on the Carrier-Envelope Phase
　　7.1.4 Semiconductor Bloch Equations
　7.2 "THG in the Disguise of SHG".
　7.3 Dynamic Franz-Keldysh Effect
　7.4 Photon Drag or Dynamic Hall Effect
　7.5 Conical Second-Harmonic Generation
8 Extreme Nonlinear Optics of Atoms and Electrons
　8.1 High-Harmonic Generation From Atoms
　　8.1.1 Gas Jets
　　8.1.2 Hollow Waveguides
　　8.1.3 Quasi Phase-Matching in Modulated Capillaries
　　8.1.4 Dependence on the Carrier-Envelope Phase
　8.2 Relativistic Nonlinear Thomson Scattering
Solutions
Symbols
References
Index

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