袁隆平論文集

出版時(shí)間:2010-9  出版社:科學(xué)出版社  作者:袁隆平 編  頁(yè)數(shù):583  字?jǐn)?shù):890000  

前言

  雜交水稻技術(shù)是我國(guó)自主創(chuàng)新并領(lǐng)先于世界的重大技術(shù)。被譽(yù)為“雜交水稻之父”的中國(guó)工程院院士、美國(guó)科學(xué)院外籍院士袁隆平,是世界上第一位成功利用水稻雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)的科學(xué)家。對(duì)袁隆平院士四十余年雜交水稻科學(xué)思想、研究成果與實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行歸納、匯編,具有重要的理論價(jià)值與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義?! ∽?964年在國(guó)內(nèi)首先探索水稻的雄性不育現(xiàn)象開始,袁隆平院士一直領(lǐng)創(chuàng)雜交水稻技術(shù),40多年來(lái),在雜交水稻研究和應(yīng)用方面取得了豐碩的成果,如:1966年發(fā)表-的《水稻的雄性不孕性》開創(chuàng)并指導(dǎo)了雜交水稻的研究與創(chuàng)新;1977年撰寫的《雜交水稻制種和高產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)》解決了雜交水稻應(yīng)用的難題;1987年發(fā)表的《雜交水稻育種的戰(zhàn)略設(shè)想》為雜交水稻由三系法經(jīng)兩系法到一系法、由品種間到亞種問再到遠(yuǎn)緣雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)利用的階段性發(fā)展提供了藍(lán)圖,成功地引導(dǎo)我國(guó)雜交水稻研究進(jìn)入第二戰(zhàn)略階段并取得了突破性進(jìn)展;1997年提出的“雜交水稻超高產(chǎn)育種”理論,又為我國(guó)超級(jí)雜交稻的研究發(fā)展指明了道路,為雜交水稻的研究注入了新的活力。這一系列重要論著與論斷,大大豐富了遺傳育種理論和技術(shù),特別是打破了“自花授粉作物沒有雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)”的傳統(tǒng)觀念,并在雜交水稻理論與技術(shù)領(lǐng)域自成一體,具有很高的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值?! ∥覈?guó)雜交水稻研究與應(yīng)用,為我國(guó)水稻產(chǎn)量節(jié)節(jié)攀升奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),其三系雜交稻、兩系雜交稻和超級(jí)雜交稻的研究成果廣泛應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)實(shí)際,對(duì)保障我國(guó)糧食安全發(fā)揮了重要作用。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),在1976-2008年問,我國(guó)累計(jì)種植雜交稻約60億畝,累計(jì)增產(chǎn)糧食達(dá)6000億公斤;近年來(lái),中國(guó)57%的水稻種植面積為雜交水稻面積,按比常規(guī)水稻增產(chǎn)20%來(lái)計(jì)算,年增產(chǎn)稻谷約240億公斤,每年可多養(yǎng)活’7000多萬(wàn)人,這些成就舉世矚目?! ≡菏繌牟话阉麆?chuàng)造的科技成果視為己有,而是以寬闊的胸懷和極大的熱情積極組織、參與國(guó)際科技合作計(jì)劃。幾十年來(lái),他親力親為,把開發(fā)的雜交水稻技術(shù)推廣到東南亞和非洲大地,為千百萬(wàn)農(nóng)民擺脫饑餓和貧困作出了重要貢獻(xiàn),為此他獲得了聯(lián)合國(guó)“科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)”等多項(xiàng)大獎(jiǎng),并被聘為聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織首席顧問。袁先生以他的親身實(shí)踐和重大貢獻(xiàn),充分詮釋了中國(guó)的自主創(chuàng)新!他的科學(xué)創(chuàng)造是中國(guó)的,也是世界的?! ≡∑皆菏孔鳛殡s交水稻的奠基人和總設(shè)計(jì)師,四十多年來(lái)在雜交水稻的王國(guó)里辛勤耕耘,為雜交水稻的各個(gè)發(fā)展時(shí)期引航領(lǐng)路。特別是,在雜交水稻研究的每一個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻,他總能以一位戰(zhàn)略家的視野與膽識(shí)撥云開霧,為雜交水稻描繪燦爛前景,這也正是我國(guó)雜交水稻始終保持旺盛發(fā)展勢(shì)頭的重要原因之一。袁隆平院士的雜交水稻理論貢獻(xiàn)以及對(duì)未來(lái)發(fā)展所作的精辟分析極具啟迪意義,整理出版《袁隆平論文集》,是對(duì)袁隆平院士幾十年科研成就的總結(jié),更是對(duì)他主要學(xué)術(shù)思想和技術(shù)方略的系統(tǒng)梳理。

內(nèi)容概要

本書是從袁隆平院士從事雜交水稻技術(shù)研發(fā)40多年間發(fā)表的雜交水稻研究文章和在國(guó)際會(huì)議及活動(dòng)的報(bào)告中選擇并結(jié)集出版的中、英文論文集。全書共分三個(gè)部分:中、英對(duì)照論文及譯文,英文論文及報(bào)告,部分論文英文摘要選登。共計(jì)各類文章83篇,摘要30篇。所收錄的論文與報(bào)告基本按發(fā)表的先后順序編排,為袁隆平院士在雜交水稻研發(fā)各個(gè)時(shí)期所形成的重要文獻(xiàn),涉及雜交水稻育種、栽培、基礎(chǔ)研究、示范推廣等各技術(shù)體系的研究理念、攻關(guān)思路、重大進(jìn)展與未來(lái)展望的策略與戰(zhàn)略性論述,集中展現(xiàn)了雜交水稻學(xué)的綜合全貌與主要內(nèi)容。    本書可供國(guó)內(nèi)外農(nóng)學(xué)界,尤其是水稻研究和雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)利用研究領(lǐng)域的專家、學(xué)者,廣大農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)應(yīng)用與推廣人員,農(nóng)業(yè)大專院校師生,以及對(duì)雜交水稻有興趣者閱讀與參考。

書籍目錄

序自序前言Preface第一部分  中、英對(duì)照論文及譯文 1 水稻的雄性不孕性 2 A Preliminary Report on Male Sterility in Rice.Oryza sativa L 3 利用野敗育成水稻三系的情況匯報(bào) 4  A Report on Development of Three Lines in Hybrid Rice through Wild Abortive Rice 5 雜交水稻制種和高產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù) 6  Key Techniques for Hybrid Seed Production and Hybrid Cultivation in Rice 7 雜交水稻培育的實(shí)踐和理論 8 Practice and Theory of Hybrid Rice Breedin9 9 雜交水稻育種的程序 10 Organization of a Hybrid Rice Breeding Program 11 雜交水稻新組合威優(yōu)64 12 Weiyou 64, a New Hybrid Rice Combination 13 雜交水稻研究的現(xiàn)狀與展望 14 Status of Hybrid Rice Research and Development 15 中國(guó)的雜交水稻 16 Hybrid Rice in China 17 雜交水稻在國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展近況 18 Recent Development of Hybrid Rice in and outside China 19 雜交水稻超高產(chǎn)育種探討 20  A Discussion on the Breeding of Super—high—yielding Hybrid Rice 21 雜交水稻育種的戰(zhàn)略設(shè)想 22 Strategies of the Development of Hybrid Rice Breeding  23 水稻廣親和系的選育 24 Breeding for Wide Compatibility Rice Lines 25 利用無(wú)融合生殖改良作物的潛力 26 The Potential Use of Apomixis in Crop Improvement 27 水稻無(wú)融合生殖研究的新進(jìn)展 28 New Progresses on Rice Apomixis Research 29  “無(wú)融合生殖”水稻84—15還有待科學(xué)驗(yàn)證 30  Rice Line 84—15 as an Apomictic Material Needs Scientific Evidence 31 水稻廣譜廣親和系的選育策略 32 A Strategy for Developing Wide Spectrum Compatiblity Rice Lines 33 選育水稻光、溫敏核不育系的技術(shù)策略 34 Technical Strategies to Breed for Temperature-and Photoperiod-genic-male Sterile Rice(TGMS,PGMS) 35 水稻光、溫敏不育系的提純和原種生產(chǎn) 36 Purification and Production of Foundation Seed of Rice PGMS and TGMS Lines 37 選育水稻亞種問雜交組合的策略 38  Breeding Strategies for Development of Intersubspecific Hybrid Rice 39 兩系法雜交水稻研究的進(jìn)展 40 Progress of Tw0—line System Hybrid Rice Breedin9 41 兩系法雜交水稻研究 42 Studies on Tw0—line System Hybrid Rice 43 野生稻中擁有可以顯著提高水稻產(chǎn)量的基因 44 Genes from Wild Rice Improve Yield 45 從育種角度展望我國(guó)水稻的增產(chǎn)潛力 46 Prospects of Rice Yield Potential from the View Point of Plant Breedin9 47 我國(guó)兩系法雜交水稻研究的形勢(shì)、任務(wù)和發(fā)展前景 48 CuITent Status,Objectives and Prospects of Research and Development of Tw0lineHybridRice 49 農(nóng)作物兩系法雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)利用的現(xiàn)狀與前景 50 Exploiting Crop Heterosis by Tw0—line System Hybrids:Current Status and FutureProspects 51 雜交水稻超高產(chǎn)育種 52 Hybrid Rice Breeding for Super High Yield 53 雜交水稻選育的回顧、現(xiàn)狀與展望 54 Retrospeet.Current Status and Outlook of Hybrid Rice Breedin9 55 超級(jí)雜交水稻育種研究的進(jìn)展 56 Progress in Breeding Super Hybrid Rice 57 水稻強(qiáng)化栽培體系 58 漫長(zhǎng)之路第二部分 英文論文及報(bào)告第三部分 部分論文英文摘要選登

章節(jié)摘錄

  b) The parents of a hybrid should have divergent characteristics that are complementary and mutually beneficial in the progeny. For example, the parents of the hybrid Nanyou 2 have significant differences in maturity, plant type, disease resistance, and quality attributes. These differences complement and benefit the phenotype of the hybrid. The grain size and blast resistance in this hybrid are close to the better parent. Plant height and spikelets per panicle show heterosis over high-parent. However, this hybrid shows an intermediate response to maturity and plant type. This intermediate response to quantitative traits may still be useful in the hybrid vigor expression of the hybrid. For example, the hybrid between Keluannuo, which shows long and big grains but poor grain-filling, and Zhenshan 97, which shows short and small grains, displays intermediate grain size but good grain-filling. This combination has resulted in a heterobeltiosis for 1000-grain weight.  c) One of the parents in a hybrid combination should be a high-yielding variety. The heterosis level of hybrids is intimately dependent on the parents used. So if a high- yielding parent is used, the yield of the hybrid will most likely increase. The objective of rice hybrid breeding is to obtain high absolute yield. Hybrids derived from two low-yielding varieties may produce a high heterosis but the absolute yield may be low. For example, the yield heterosis in hybrid of Erjiunan 1A/Jing 410 is higher than that in hybrid of Nanyou 2, but with a lower absolute yield than yield of Nanyou 2. All commercial hybrids used in China without exception have been  derived from a high-yielding parent.

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