細(xì)胞內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)與細(xì)胞骨架

前言

什么是百科全書？這一名詞來自于兩個(gè)希臘單詞：enkuklios（意思是循環(huán)的）和paideia（意思是教育）。在16世紀(jì)早期，拉丁手稿的抄寫者們將這兩個(gè)單詞合而為一，其在英語中演化為一個(gè)單詞，意思是具有廣泛指導(dǎo)意義的工具書（The American Heritage Dictionary，2000，Boston：Houghton Mifflin，p.589）。從其來源可見，其希臘文原詞中蘊(yùn)含著以探索、綜合的方式努力獲取知識(shí)的含義。無論是拉丁文還是英文，該單詞泛指涵蓋廣泛領(lǐng)域知識(shí)的工具書。希臘文中強(qiáng)調(diào)的以創(chuàng)造性手段獲取知識(shí)，在神經(jīng)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域尤其適用。神經(jīng)科學(xué)本身就是一個(gè)非常新的名詞。Francis Schmitt在本書第一版的前言中指出，本書的編寫過程就是將不同領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家們聚集在一起，沖擊大腦研究中最頑固的難題。他推動(dòng)建立了神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究項(xiàng)目（Neuroscience Research Program，簡(jiǎn)稱NRP）。早期的NRP成員包括一些學(xué)術(shù)巨匠，如因關(guān)于光合作用的研究獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的Melvin Calvin、諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者物理化學(xué)家Manfred Eigen、生物化學(xué)家Albert Lehninger，和當(dāng)時(shí)正在努力破解基因編碼的年輕分子生物學(xué)家Marshall Nirenberg。

內(nèi)容概要

《神經(jīng)科學(xué)百科全書》原書篇幅巨大，為所有神經(jīng)科學(xué)百科全書之首。由來自世界各地的2400多位專家撰稿人合力打造，覆蓋了神經(jīng)科學(xué)全部主要領(lǐng)域。書中每個(gè)詞條在收入書中之前均經(jīng)過顧問委員會(huì)的同行評(píng)議，詞條中均含有詞匯表、引言、參考文獻(xiàn)和豐富的交叉參考內(nèi)容。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

編者：（美國(guó)）斯奎爾（Larry.R.Squire）

書籍目錄

細(xì)胞為信號(hào)級(jí)聯(lián)與第二信使  Calcium-Calmodulin Kinase Ⅱ (CaMKII) in Learning and Memory  Cyclic AMP (cAMP) Role in Learning and Memory  Eph Receptor Signaling and Spine Morphology  MAP Kinase Signaling in Learning and Memory  Neural Crest Cell Diversification and Specification: ErbB Role  Notch Pathway: Lateral Inhibition  Notch Signal Transduction: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms  Retinoic Acid Signaling and Neural Patterning  Sonic Hedgehog and Neural Patterning  Synaptic Plasticity: Diacylglycerol Signalling Role  Wnt Pathway and Neural Patterning細(xì)胞內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)與細(xì)胞骨架  Actin Cytoskeleton in Growth Cones, Nerve Terminals, and Dendritic Spines  AMPA Receptor Cell Biology/Trafficking  Axonal and Dendritic Identity and Structure: Control of  Axonal and Dendritic Transport by Dyneins and Kinesins in Neurons  Axonal mRNA Transport and Functions  Axonal Transport and ALS  Axonal Transport and Alzheimer's Disease  Axonal Transport and Huntington's Disease  Axonal Transport and Neurodegenerative Diseases  Axonal Transport Disorders  Axonal Transport Tracers  Cytoskeletal Interactions in the Neuron  Cytoskeleton in Plasticity  Dendrites: Localized Translation  Dendritic RNA Transport: Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Control of Neuronal Gene Expression  Dystrophin, Associated Proteins, and Muscular Dystrophy  Intermediate Filaments  LIM Kinase and Actin Regulation of Spines  Lysosome and Endosome Organization and Transport in Neurons  Microtubule Associated Proteins in Neurons  Microtubules: Organization and Function in Neurons  Mitochondrial Organization and Transport in Neurons  Myosin Transport and Neuronal Function  Neurofilaments: Organization and Function in Neurons  Neuronal Motility and Structure: MARK and GSK Pathways  NMDA Receptors, Cell Biology and Trafficking  Nuclear Movements in Neurons  Peroxisomes: Organization and Transport in Neurons  Prion Transport  Proteasome Role in Neurodegeneration  Protein Folding and the Role of Chaperone Proteins in Neurodegenerative Disease  Retrograde Neurotrophic Signaling  Slow Axonal Transport  Spectrin: Organization and Function in Neurons  Transport Dependent Damage Signaling  Vesicular Sorting to Axons and Dendrites分泌與囊泡循環(huán)  Active Zone  Botulinum and Tetanus Toxins  Calcium Channel Subtypes Involved in Neurotransmitter Release  Calcium Channels and SNARE Proteins  CIRL/Latrophilins  Clathrin and Clathrin-Adaptors  Complexins  Cysteine-String Proteins (CSPs)  Dynamin  Endocytosis: Kiss and Run  Exocytosis: cae+-Sensitivity  Fusion Pore  Large Dense Core Vesicles (LDCVs)  Latrotoxin  Liprins, ELKS, and RIM-BP Proteins  Lysosomal System  Munc13 and Associated Molecules  Munc18  Neurexins  Neuroligins  Neurosecretion (Regulated Exocytosis in Neuroendocrine Cells)  Neurotransmitter Release from Astrocytes  Neurotransmitter Release: Synchronous and Asynchronous  NSF and SNAPs  Optical Monitoring of Exo- and Endocytosis  PHR (Pam/Highwire/RPM-1)  Piccolo and Bassoon  Presynaptic Receptor Signaling  Rab3  Rab3A Interacting Molecules (RIMs)  RNA Granules: Functions within Presynaptic Terminals and Postsynaptic Spines  SNAREs  Synapsins  Synaptic Plasticity: Short-Term Mechanisms  Synaptic Vesicle Protein-2 (SV2)  Synaptic Vesicles  Synaptojanin  Synaptotagmins  SynCAMs  Synucleins  Vesicle Pools  Vesicular Neurotransmitter Transporters  Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels原書詞條中英對(duì)照表

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：Though the E（spl） enhancerincludes high-affinity proneural binding sites, highlevels of proneural protein expression in the prospec-tive SOP cannot independently drive E（spl） geneexpression because in the absence of NotchIC, Su（H）functions as part of a repressor complex that ensuresgenes in the E（spl） complex are not expressed. Insurrounding non-SOP cells of the PNC, whereNotch is activated by the SOP cell, NotchIc makesSu（H） function as an activator to drive E（spl） geneexpression.The Complementary Role of Bearded Family Genesin the E（Spl） ComplexThe E（spl） complex also includes non-bHLH genes ofthe Bearded （Brd） family. Their expression is alsoregulated by Notch activation; however, unlike theE（spl） bHLH genes, they do not inhibit proneuralgene expression. Instead, they interfere with Deltafunction by inhibiting Neuralized mediated endocy-tosis of Delta, a step that is essential for effectiveactivation of Notch in the neighboring cell （Figure 2）.toestablishment of a central biasing mechanism during

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