納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料

內(nèi)容概要

本書立足于納米材料及其功能。    納米材料包括金屬、陶瓷、聚合物以及復(fù)合材料等。本書重點(diǎn)介紹了納米材料的功能，特別是短期內(nèi)有應(yīng)用前景的功能，例如催化、能量采集、能源存儲、光學(xué)性質(zhì)以及通過自組裝實現(xiàn)的表面功能化。    此外，本書還討論了納米晶態(tài)材料和納米復(fù)合物，其內(nèi)容涵蓋了這類新型工程材料的基本性質(zhì)和要求。其中，穩(wěn)定性、可靠性和機(jī)械性能是這類材料值得特別關(guān)注問題。    本書比較了合成上述納米材料的各種方法，并在統(tǒng)籌各章節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上概述了納米技術(shù)的前景。

書籍目錄

編者1.納米功能材料——微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、熱力學(xué)穩(wěn)定性和原子遷移率2.納米材料的可靠性3.納米復(fù)合物材料的力學(xué)性能4.用于低溫燃料電池的負(fù)載型納米催化劑5.納米晶太陽能電池6.用于氫氣和能源存儲的納米材料7.具有多級結(jié)構(gòu)的材料及其光學(xué)應(yīng)用8.納米顆粒在界面組裝形成高度有序的圖案化結(jié)構(gòu)索引

章節(jié)摘錄

　　As nanostructured materials are structures far away from thermodynamic equilibrium and since they have short transport pathways， fast diffusion and rapidtransformation kinetics often lead to coarsening and to the deterioration of themicrostructure and the associated properties.　　Thus， ensuring the stability of thenanoscale structures is a key issue. Aside from restricting the range of candidate materials to the class of refractories such as ceramics or high-melting pointmetals that are kinetically stabilized at or near ambient conditions， a compositeapproach involving either two nanosized phases or an extended polycrystallineor amorphous matrix and a nanocrystalline pore phase are obvious solutions forthe latter issue since the material transport required for coarsening is severelyhampered by a composite structure with limited mutual solubility. This routealso includes surface-functionalized nanoparticles as， for example， presented bymetallic nanoparticles with a shell consisting of organic ligands or of a naturaloxide of the metal [60].　　However， it is inherent to nanocrystalline materials thatthe analysis of microstructure-property relations needs to consider internal interfaces rather than the surface of the nanoscaled structural units. Especially withtwo-phase nanocomposites， heterophase interfaces with the additional degree offreedom given by the position-dependent composition and possible concentration gradients need to be regarded. An important and basic aspect concerningthe functionality of a given material is presented by the respective phase equilibrium that determines the stable structure and the phase distribution and thus therelated materials properties. In fact， modifying the phase equilibrium by alloyingto improve the performance of a material has been the first and most successful step to modern materials science. However， the phase diagrams are mostlyunknown for nanostructured materials. In fact， some observations on ligandcapped magnetic nanoparticles indicate that the energetic contribution due to thebonds at the interface effectively shift the underlying phase stability ranges suchthat the equilibrium phase is different for the coarse-grained or the nanocrystalline material [60].　　Yet， as will be shown below， already the presence of internalheterophase interfaces contributing an excess free energy is sufficient to modifyseverely the phase equilibrium and the associated phase transformations in nanosize alloy systems. Even the accepted rules to construct phase diagrams need tobe modified if nanoscaled alloy systems are considered [61].　　……

編輯推薦

　　按納米材料功能進(jìn)行章節(jié)劃分，將合成、表征和應(yīng)用融為一體。介紹納米材料在新能源領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，以及由其形成的多級結(jié)構(gòu)和組裝體。由相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的知名專家共同編寫，涉及納米材料領(lǐng)域眾多研究熱點(diǎn)。適合從事納米材料、新能源等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究人員參考。　　《納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料（導(dǎo)讀版）》的目錄和編者均已譯成中文.正文保留英文原版。另附清華大學(xué)化學(xué)系李亞棟教授所作中立導(dǎo)讀一篇。

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