英語被動結(jié)構(gòu)習(xí)得

內(nèi)容概要

本文主要研究中國學(xué)生對英語被動結(jié)構(gòu)的習(xí)得，旨在解決他們在學(xué)習(xí)過程中遇到的英語動詞可被動性問題。具體說來，動詞own可以用于被動語態(tài)，have卻不行。比如英語可以說The house is owned by John，而不能說The house is had by John。own和have雖都是及物動詞，但是在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中的表現(xiàn)卻不盡相同。二者之間這一區(qū)別在外語課堂教學(xué)中老師通常并未傳授給學(xué)生。因此，在沒有接受這方面教育(negativeevidence)的情況下，學(xué)生能否習(xí)得到哪些動詞可以、哪些動詞又不可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)呢?這正是本文要解決的問題。    通過分析英語的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，作者利用語義結(jié)構(gòu)理論(semantic structure theory)(Pinker l989)對上述問題做了深入的探討。根據(jù)語義結(jié)構(gòu)理論，作者認(rèn)為在動詞及其兩個論元中一定存在著與動詞可被動性相關(guān)聯(lián)的意義成分。經(jīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，動詞的賓語在被動過程中起決定性作用。因此提出了“賓語受作用”(Object Affected Condition)這一條件。該條件指出，只要動詞賓語受到此動詞動作的作用，無論是具體的、表面上的，還是抽象的、引申意義上的，該動詞都可用于主被動結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換。因此賓語的受作用成為動詞參與主被動轉(zhuǎn)換的主要語義成分，對學(xué)生習(xí)得被動結(jié)構(gòu)起著關(guān)鍵性作用。

書籍目錄

Preface by Professor Chuming WANGAcknowledgments.前言AbstractChapter 1 Learnability and Language Learnin9  1.1 Introduction  1.2 The Learnability Problem of Language Acquisition  1.3 Leamability Considerations in Second Language Acquisition  1.4 Language Input    1.4.1 Positive Evidence    1.4.2 Negative Evidence    1.4.3 Negative Evidence in L2 Acquisition　1.5 Overgeneralization and Language Transfer　1.6 Thematic Hierarchy Condition　1.7 Transitivity Theory    1.7.1 The Transitivity Hypothesis    1.7.2 Morphosyntactic Reflexes of Transitivity    1.7.3 Criticisms of the Transitivity Hypothesis  1.8 Semantic Structure Theory    1.8.1 Conflafion and Semantic Structure    1.8.2 Passive in English    1.8.3 Limitations of Pinker’S Theory  1.9 Passivization as the Target of Research  1.10 SummaryChapter 2 English Passivization  2.1 Introduction  2.2 Characteristics of Passive Construcfions  2.3 Transitivity and the Passire  2.4 The Active—Passive Alternation    2.4.1 Predication Effect    2.4.2 Agency Effect  2.5 Object Affected Condifion  2.6 English Passivizable Verbs    2.6.1 Canonical Action Verbs    2.6.2 Nonactional Verbs    2.6.3 Psych Verbs  2.7 English Non-Passivizable Verbs  2.8 SummaryChapter 3 Crosslinguisfic Variation and Language Transfer  3.1 Introduction  3.2 A Comparative Study of Chinese Passivization    3.2.1 The B—Passive    3.2.2 The Nofional Passive    323 Argument Animacy and Verb Transitivity    3.2.4 The Role of Animacy and Its Effect on Passivization  3.3 Overpassivization of Unaccusative Verbs  3.4 Crosslinguistic Influences  3.5 SummaryChapter 4 Testing Learners'Knowledge of the English Passive  4.1 Introduction  4.2 Study 1    4.2.1 Subjects    4.2.2 Materials    4.2.3 Procedure    4.2.4 Scoring    4.2.5 Results and Discussion　……Chapter 5 General Discussion and ConclusionsAppendix AAppendix BAppendix CAppendix DAppendix EReferences

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