英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)習(xí)得

內(nèi)容概要

本文主要研究中國(guó)學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的習(xí)得，旨在解決他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中遇到的英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可被動(dòng)性問(wèn)題。具體說(shuō)來(lái)，動(dòng)詞own可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，have卻不行。比如英語(yǔ)可以說(shuō)The house is owned by John，而不能說(shuō)The house is had by John。own和have雖都是及物動(dòng)詞，但是在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的表現(xiàn)卻不盡相同。二者之間這一區(qū)別在外語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)中老師通常并未傳授給學(xué)生。因此，在沒(méi)有接受這方面教育(negativeevidence)的情況下，學(xué)生能否習(xí)得到哪些動(dòng)詞可以、哪些動(dòng)詞又不可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)呢?這正是本文要解決的問(wèn)題。    通過(guò)分析英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，作者利用語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)理論(semantic structure theory)(Pinker l989)對(duì)上述問(wèn)題做了深入的探討。根據(jù)語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)理論，作者認(rèn)為在動(dòng)詞及其兩個(gè)論元中一定存在著與動(dòng)詞可被動(dòng)性相關(guān)聯(lián)的意義成分。經(jīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)在被動(dòng)過(guò)程中起決定性作用。因此提出了“賓語(yǔ)受作用”(Object Affected Condition)這一條件。該條件指出，只要?jiǎng)釉~賓語(yǔ)受到此動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的作用，無(wú)論是具體的、表面上的，還是抽象的、引申意義上的，該動(dòng)詞都可用于主被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換。因此賓語(yǔ)的受作用成為動(dòng)詞參與主被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換的主要語(yǔ)義成分，對(duì)學(xué)生習(xí)得被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)起著關(guān)鍵性作用。

書(shū)籍目錄

Preface by Professor Chuming WANGAcknowledgments.前言AbstractChapter 1 Learnability and Language Learnin9  1.1 Introduction  1.2 The Learnability Problem of Language Acquisition  1.3 Leamability Considerations in Second Language Acquisition  1.4 Language Input    1.4.1 Positive Evidence    1.4.2 Negative Evidence    1.4.3 Negative Evidence in L2 Acquisition　1.5 Overgeneralization and Language Transfer　1.6 Thematic Hierarchy Condition　1.7 Transitivity Theory    1.7.1 The Transitivity Hypothesis    1.7.2 Morphosyntactic Reflexes of Transitivity    1.7.3 Criticisms of the Transitivity Hypothesis  1.8 Semantic Structure Theory    1.8.1 Conflafion and Semantic Structure    1.8.2 Passive in English    1.8.3 Limitations of Pinker’S Theory  1.9 Passivization as the Target of Research  1.10 SummaryChapter 2 English Passivization  2.1 Introduction  2.2 Characteristics of Passive Construcfions  2.3 Transitivity and the Passire  2.4 The Active—Passive Alternation    2.4.1 Predication Effect    2.4.2 Agency Effect  2.5 Object Affected Condifion  2.6 English Passivizable Verbs    2.6.1 Canonical Action Verbs    2.6.2 Nonactional Verbs    2.6.3 Psych Verbs  2.7 English Non-Passivizable Verbs  2.8 SummaryChapter 3 Crosslinguisfic Variation and Language Transfer  3.1 Introduction  3.2 A Comparative Study of Chinese Passivization    3.2.1 The B—Passive    3.2.2 The Nofional Passive    323 Argument Animacy and Verb Transitivity    3.2.4 The Role of Animacy and Its Effect on Passivization  3.3 Overpassivization of Unaccusative Verbs  3.4 Crosslinguistic Influences  3.5 SummaryChapter 4 Testing Learners'Knowledge of the English Passive  4.1 Introduction  4.2 Study 1    4.2.1 Subjects    4.2.2 Materials    4.2.3 Procedure    4.2.4 Scoring    4.2.5 Results and Discussion　……Chapter 5 General Discussion and ConclusionsAppendix AAppendix BAppendix CAppendix DAppendix EReferences

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