細(xì)胞和分子神經(jīng)科學(xué)

前言

　　人腦或神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)是我們已知的宇宙中最復(fù)雜的物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)，神經(jīng)科學(xué)是探索腦的奧秘的科學(xué)，是21世紀(jì)迅猛發(fā)展的生命科學(xué)中最為突出的領(lǐng)域之一。過去的十多年中，分子生物學(xué)和計算機(jī)科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，極大地推動了神經(jīng)科學(xué)的發(fā)展，人類基因組DNA序列的闡明及其對神經(jīng)科學(xué)的推動、腦功能成像技術(shù)研究人腦和心理活動的巨大進(jìn)展便是最突出的代表。對許多神經(jīng)元活動的基本過程，神經(jīng)科學(xué)家已經(jīng)可以通過基因操作，在基因及其編碼的蛋白分子的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能水平上進(jìn)行描述和分析，從而精細(xì)地研究其復(fù)雜的細(xì)胞膜上和胞內(nèi)信號的調(diào)控分子機(jī)制。腦功能成像技術(shù)使得過去只能停留在人腦這個“黑箱”外、對心理現(xiàn)象的腦機(jī)制進(jìn)行各種猜測和假說的時代成為過去，人腦的認(rèn)知和思維活動變得“看得見”了。神經(jīng)科學(xué)不僅吸引著各類神經(jīng)生物學(xué)家、化學(xué)家和物理學(xué)家，而且吸引分子生物學(xué)家、計算機(jī)科學(xué)家和心理學(xué)家紛紛加入其中，成為真正意義上的多種學(xué)科交叉的科學(xué)。

內(nèi)容概要

本書特色：　　內(nèi)容全面——全書共分7個部分，覆蓋神經(jīng)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的各個方面，第三版增加了神經(jīng)科學(xué)發(fā)展較快    的領(lǐng)域，如樹突的發(fā)育、化學(xué)感覺、小腦、眼動、睡眠和夢．以及意識等。　　作者專業(yè)——本書由多位美國科學(xué)院院士參與，其中兩位曾經(jīng)擔(dān)任過神經(jīng)科學(xué)學(xué)會（Society    for Neuroscience）的主席．由100多位神經(jīng)科學(xué)家共同編著而成?！　∩鷦釉攲崱珪?30余幅圖例和照片，便于讀者理解，本書附贈光盤包含全書所有彩圖?！　〗Y(jié)構(gòu)新穎——為了使讀者能夠更好地理解文中內(nèi)容和開闊視野．書內(nèi)增加了大量背景性材料，于正文中用方框標(biāo)出，包括重要的實驗、病例、實驗方法和概念等。每章末尾介紹一些有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)和進(jìn)一步閱讀的補充材料，供讀者學(xué)習(xí)和深入鉆研?！　』A(chǔ)神經(jīng)科學(xué)系列：細(xì)胞和分子神經(jīng)科學(xué)；神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育；感覺和運動系統(tǒng)；調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)；行為和認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)。

作者簡介

　　Larry R. Squire is Distinguished Professor of Psy-chiatry， Neurosciences， and Psychology at the Univer-sity of California School of Medicine， San Diego， andResearch Career Scientist at the Veterans AffairsMedical Center， San Diego. He investigates the organi-zation and neurological foundations of memory. He isa former President of the Society for Neuroscience andis a member of the National Academy of Sciences andthe Institute of Medicine.　　Darwin K. Berg is Distinguished Professor in theDivision of Biological Sciences at the University ofCalifornia， San Diego. He has been chairman of theBiology Department and currently serves as Councilorof the Society for Neuroscience and as a Board memberof the Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind. His researchis focused on the roles of nicotinic cholinergic signal-ing in the vertebrate nervous system.　　Floyd Bloom is Professor Emeritus in the Molecularand Integrative Neuroscience Department （MIND） at The Scripps Research Institute. His recent awardsinclude the Sarnat Award from the Institute of Medi-cine and the Salmon Medal of the New York Academyof Medicine. He is a former President of the Society forNeuroscience and is a member of the NationalAcademy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine. Sascha du Lac is an Investigator of the HowardHughes Medical Institute and an Associate Professorof Systems Neurobiology at the Salk Institute for Bio-logical Studies. Her research interests are in the neu-robiology of resilience and learning， and her laboratoryinvestigates behavioral， circuit， cellular， and molecularmechanisms in the sense of balance.　　Anirvan Ghosh is Stephen Kuffler Professor in theDivision of Biological Sciences at the University of California， San Diego and Director of the graduateprogram in Neurosciences. His research interestsinclude the development of synaptic connections inthe central nervous system and the role of activity-dependent gene expression in the cortical develop-ment. He is recipient of the Presidential Early CareerAward for Scientists and Engineers and the Society forNeuroscience Young Investigator Award.　　Nicholas C. Spitzer is Distinguished Professor inthe Division of Biological Sciences at the University of California， San Diego. His research is focusedon neuronal differentiation and the role of electricalactivity and calcium signaling in the assembly ofthe nervous system. He has been chairman ofthe Biology Department and the Neurobiology Section，a trustee of the Grass Foundation， and served as Councilor of the Society for Neuroscience. He is amember of the American Academy of Arts and Sci-ences and Co-Director of the Kavli Institute for Brainand Mind.

書籍目錄

前言  作者簡介第一部分　神經(jīng)科學(xué)總論　第1章　神經(jīng)科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)　第2章　神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)概述第二部分　細(xì)胞和分子神經(jīng)科學(xué)　第3章　神經(jīng)組織的細(xì)胞元件　第4章　神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的亞細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)：細(xì)胞器及其功能　第5章　軸突和樹突的電緊張?zhí)匦浴〉?章　跨膜電位和動作電位　第7章　神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)　第8章　神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)釋放　第9章　神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)受體　第10章　細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號　第11章　突觸后電位和突觸融合　第12章　樹突內(nèi)復(fù)雜信息處理　第13章　腦能量代謝第三部分　神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育　第14章　神經(jīng)誘導(dǎo)和模式形成　第15章　細(xì)胞決定　第16章　神經(jīng)發(fā)生和遷移　第17章　生長錐和軸突導(dǎo)向　第18章　靶體選擇、地形圖和突觸形成　第19章　細(xì)胞程序化死亡及神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子　第20章　突觸消亡　、　第21章　樹突發(fā)育　第22章　早期經(jīng)驗和敏感期第四部分　感覺系統(tǒng)　第23章　感覺系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)  第24章　化學(xué)感覺：味覺和嗅覺  第25章　軀體感覺系統(tǒng)  第26章　聽覺  第27章　視覺第五部分　運動系統(tǒng)  第28章　運動系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)  第29章　脊髓和外周運動系統(tǒng)  第30章　運動的遞減控制  第31章　基底神經(jīng)節(jié)  第32章　小腦  第33章　眼動第六部分　調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)  第34章　下丘腦：調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)概述  第35章　自主功能的控制：自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的組織  第36章　心血管系統(tǒng)的神經(jīng)控制  第37章　呼吸的神經(jīng)控制  第38章　食物攝取及代謝  第39章　水的攝取及體液  第40章　神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)  第41章　生理節(jié)奏  第42章　睡眠、做夢和失眠  第43章　獎勵、動機(jī)和成癮第七部分　行為和認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)  第44章　人腦進(jìn)化  第45章　認(rèn)知發(fā)育和衰老  第46章　物體的視覺感知  第47章　空間識別  第48章　注意  第49章　學(xué)習(xí)與記憶：基礎(chǔ)機(jī)制  第50章　學(xué)習(xí)與記憶：腦系統(tǒng)  第51章　語言和交流  第52章　前額葉皮層及腦功能執(zhí)行  第53章　意識的神經(jīng)科學(xué)索引

章節(jié)摘錄

　　At the other extreme, consider that at point ~,, asmall dendritic branch opens out into a very largeconductance. Examples are, in the extreme, a hole inthe membrane; less extreme are a very small dendriticbranch on a large soma and a small twig or spine ona large dendritic branch. Recall that large processessum their resistances in parallel, which gives lowcurrent density and small voltage changes. Therefore,a current spreading through the high resistance of asmall branch into a large branch encounters a verylow resistance. For steady-state current spread, thissituation is referred to as a large conductance load;for a transient current, we refer to it as a low imped-ance （which includes the effect of the membranecapacitance）.　 This introduces the key principle of impedance match-ing between interacting compartments, an importantprinciple generally in biological systems. In ourexample, an impedance mismatch exists between thehigh impedance thin branch and the lower impedancethick branch. This mismatch reduces any voltagechange due to the current and, in the extreme, effec-tively clamps the membrane to the resting potential（E~） at that point. The electrotonic potential thus isattenuated through the branch much more rapidlythan would be predicted by the characteristic length（see Fig. 5.7）. This does not invalidate X as a measureof electrotonic properties; rather, it means that, as withthe time constant, each cable property must be assessedwithin the context of the size and branching of thedendrites. All the different types of branching found in neu-ronal dendrites lie between these two extremes, witha corresponding range of boundary conditions at x =K. Consider a segment of dendrite that divides intotwo branches at x = K. We can appreciate intuitivelythat the amount of spread of electrotonic potentialinto the two branches will be governed by the factorsjust considered. One possibility is that the twobranches have very small diameters, so their inputimpedance is higher than that of the segment; in thiscase, the situation will tend toward the sealed endcase （Fig. 5.7, top trace）.

編輯推薦

　　由多位美國科學(xué)院院士參與，其中兩位曾經(jīng)擔(dān)任過神經(jīng)科學(xué)學(xué)會（Society for Neuroscience）的主席．由100多位神經(jīng)科學(xué)家共同編著而成。生動詳實——全書包含530余幅圖例和照片，便于讀者理解，《細(xì)胞和分子神經(jīng)科學(xué)(導(dǎo)讀版·原版引進(jìn))》附贈光盤包含全書所有彩圖。

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