固體能帶理論和電子性質(zhì)

前言

　　This book covers the important topic of band theory and electronic properties of materials. It is intended to be used by final-year undergraduates and first- year graduate students studying condensed matter physics as part of a physics or engineering degree. It may also be used as preparatory material for students starting a doctorate in condensed matter physics or semiconductor devices， or for recent graduates starting research in these fields in industry. Why does this book exist？ Yet another book on the electronic properties of solids requires some expla nation. In teaching final-year undergraduates and first-year graduate students， I have become frustrated with the scarcity of general texts which cover a wide range of material synoptically. Students at this point in their careers often have to embark on research projects， extended essays， literature searches， and so on， in very diverse topics; they tend to dive straight into a specialised text book covering one particular topic （one-dimensional solids， impurities in semiconductors etc.） and to forget that this topic is part of a wider whole. The outcome can be a blinkered attitude in which connections are missed， wheels are reinvented and so on.Secondly， the old warhorses by Kittel and Ashcroft and Mermin， although fine in many respects， have little connection with the huge explosion of re-search in condensed matter physics over the last 20 years. The leap from many such texts to current research topics is enormous; students， seeing illustrativedata from the 1950s and 1960s are often convinced that condensed matter physics is no longer an active， glamorous research field. Thirdly， there is a perceived gap between undergraduate condensed matterphysics texts， which often flounder at length in one dimension， concealing the wood with trees， and more advanced books such as Ashcroft and Mermin，which is often rather daunting for undergraduates. I therefore planned a book which would treat band theory and itsconse quences at a simple level， but in three dimensions from the start，and which would provide pointers to recent developments. The book wouldgive an overview of the field， suggesting literature which provided variousroutes into current research to pics.The task was made easier when the book became part of the wider OxfordMaster Series in Condensed Matter Physics， a collection of six linked text-books covering virtually all areas of the subject. Topics， such as superconductivity， which could lead to very lengthy diversions， could therefore be left to some one else， leaving what I hope is a much more focused book.

內(nèi)容概要

能帶理論廣泛存在，它是對量子力學(xué)最嚴(yán)格的檢驗之一。本書自成體系，以定量的、相對嚴(yán)格的方式揭示了能帶理論是如何決定材料性質(zhì)的。所有這些都需要借助于量子力學(xué)才能得以解釋。本書介紹了科技中用到材料的電子、光學(xué)和結(jié)構(gòu)性質(zhì)的概念以及理解這些概念所需要的量子力學(xué)的知識，還描述了研究能帶結(jié)構(gòu)的一些實驗技術(shù)。本書在一定深度上涉及了近些年來的研究熱點，并展示了該研究領(lǐng)域持續(xù)的活力。    本書適用于物理及工程專業(yè)的高年級本科生和低年級研究生。

書籍目錄

金屬：Drude 模型與Sommerfeld模型周期勢場中粒子的量子力學(xué)：Bloch定理近自由電子模型緊束縛模型關(guān)于能帶結(jié)構(gòu)的一些要點半導(dǎo)體與絕緣體能帶結(jié)構(gòu)工程能帶結(jié)構(gòu)的測量金屬和半導(dǎo)體中熱量與電流的傳遞三維體系中的磁阻二維體系中的磁阻與量子Hall效應(yīng)半導(dǎo)體中非均勻的與熱載流子分布A  凝聚態(tài)物理學(xué)中的實用術(shù)語B  K-空間態(tài)密度的推導(dǎo)C  分布函數(shù)的推導(dǎo)D  聲子E  氫原子的Bohr模型F  測量電阻率及Hall效應(yīng)中的實驗考慮G  正則動量H  超導(dǎo)電性I  選用符號列表J  精選習(xí)題解答與附加提示索引

編輯推薦

　　《固體能帶理論和電子性質(zhì)》是系列一冊，適用于物理及工程專業(yè)的高年級本科生和低年級研究生?！　　豆腆w能帶理論和電子性質(zhì)》介紹了物理學(xué)的主要領(lǐng)域的知識和柑關(guān)應(yīng)用，旨在引導(dǎo)讀者進入相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的前沿。叢書堅持深入淺出的寫作風(fēng)格，用豐富的示例、圖表、總結(jié)加深讀者塒內(nèi)容的理解。書中附有習(xí)題供讀者練習(xí)。

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