熒光分析原理

內(nèi)容概要

本書在廣受歡迎的前幾版基礎(chǔ)上修訂而成。第三版保持了其側(cè)重于基本概念的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，更新了最新文獻(xiàn)成果，增加了新的章節(jié)。主要內(nèi)容包括：熒光儀器，熒光閉，熒光壽命，溶劑和環(huán)境效應(yīng)，猝滅及其機(jī)理與動(dòng)力學(xué)，各向異性，能量傳輸，蛋白質(zhì)熒光，多光子激發(fā)與顯微鏡，傳感器，DNA技術(shù)，單分子檢測(cè)，熒光相關(guān)光譜，新型探針和輻射衰變工程等。    本書可供分析化學(xué)、生物物理、生物化學(xué)、生物工程、生物學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)等專業(yè)高年級(jí)本科生、研究生、科研人員參考。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

作者：(美國(guó))拉科維茲

書籍目錄

1 Introduction to Fluorescence  1.1 Phenomena of Fluorescence  1.2 Jablonski Diagram  1.3 Characteristics of Fluorescence Emission    1.3.1 The Stokes Shift    1.3.2 Emission Spectra Are Typically Independent of the Excitation Wavelength    1.3.3 Exceptions to the Mirror-Image Rule  1.4 Fluorescence Lifetimes and Quantum Yields    1.4.1 Fluorescence Quenching    1.4.2 Timescale of Molecular Processes in Solution  1.5 Fluorescence Anisotropy  1.6 Resonance Energy Transfer  1.7 Steady-State and Time-Resolved Fluorescence    1.7.1 Why Time-Resolved Measurements?  1.8 Biochemical Fluorophores    1.8.1 Fluorescent Indicators  1.9 Molecular Information from Fluorescence    1.9.1 Emission Spectra and the Stokes Shift    1.9.2 Quenching of Fluorescence    1.9.3 Fluorescence Polarization or Anisotropy    1.9.4 Resonance Energy Transfer  1.10 Biochemical Examples of Basic Phenomena  1.11 New Fluorescence Technologies    1.11.1 Multiphoton Excitation    1.11.2 Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy    1.11.3 Single-Molecule Detection  1.12 Overview of Fluorescence Spectroscopy    References    Problems2 Instrumentation for Fluorescence Spectroscopy  2.1 Spectrofluorometers    2.1.1 Spectrofluorometers for Spectroscopy Research    2.1.2 Spectrofluorometers for High Throughput    2.1.3 An Ideal Spectrofluorometer    2.1.4 Distortions in Excitation and Emission Spectra  2.2 Light Sources    2.2.1 Arc Lamps and Incandescent Xenon Lamps    2.2.2 Pulsed Xenon Lamps    2.2.3 High-Pressure Mercury (Hg) Lamps    2.2.4 Xe-Hg Arc Lamps    2.2.5 Quartz-Tungsten Halogen (QTH) Lamps    2.2.6 Low-Pressure Hg and Hg-Ar Lamps    2.2.7 LED Light Sources    2.2.8 Laser Diodes  2.3 Monochromators    2.3.1 Wavelength Resolution and Emission Spectra    2.3.2 Polarization Characteristics of Monochromators    2.3.3 Stray Light in Monochromators    2.3.4 Second-Order Transmission in Monochromators    2.3.5 Calibration of Monochromators  2.4 Optical Filters    2.4.1 Colored Filters    2.4.2 Thin-Film Filters    2.4.3 Filter Combinations    2.4.4 Neutral-Density Filters    2.4.5 Filters for Fluorescence Microscopy  2.5 Optical Filters and Signal Purity    2.5.1 Emission Spectra Taken through Filters  2.6 Photomultiplier Tubes    2.6.1 Spectral Response of PMTs    2.6.2 PMT Designs and Dynode Chains    2.6.3 Time Response of Photomultiplier Tubes    2.6.4 Photon Counting versus Analog Detection of Huorescence    2.6.5 Symptoms of PMT Failure    2.6.6 CCD Detectors  2.7 Polarizers  2.8 Corrected Excitation Spectra    2.8.1 Corrected Excitation Spectra Using a Quantum Counter  2.9 Corrected Emission Spectra    2.9.1 Comparison with Known Emission Spectra    2.9.2 Corrections Using a Standard Lamp    2.9.3 Correction Factors Using a Quantum Counter and Scatterer    2.9.4 Conversion between Wavelength and Wavenumber  2.10 Quantum Yield Standards  2.11 Effects of Sample Geometry  2.12 Common Errors in Sample Preparation  2.13 Absorption of Light and Deviation from the Beer-Lambert Law    2.13.1 Deviations from Beer's Law  2.14 Conclusions    References    Problems3 Fluorophores  3.1 Intrinsic or Natural Fhiorophores    3.1.1 Fluorescence Enzyme Cofactors    3.1.2 Binding of NADH to a Protein  3.2 Exlrinsie Fluorophores    3.2.1 Protein-Labeling Reagents    3.2.2 Role of the Stokes Shift in Protein Labeling    3.2.3 Photostability of Fluorophores    3.2.4 Non-Covalent protein-Labeling Probes    3.2.5 Membrane probes    3.2.6 Membrane Potential Probes  3.3 Red and Near-Infrared (NIR) Dyes  3.4 DNA Probes    3.4.1 DNA Base Analogues  3.5 Chemical Sensing Probes  3.6 Special Probes    3.6.1 Fluorogenie Probes    3.6.2 Structural Analogues of Biomolecules    3.6.3 Viscosity Probes  3.7 Green Fluorescent Proteins  3.8 Other Fluorescent Proteins    3.8.1 Phytofluors: A New Class of Fluorescent Probes    3.8.2 Phycobiliproteins    3.8.3 Specific Labeling of Intraeelhilar Proteins  3.9 Long-Lifetime probes    3.9.1 Lanthanides    3.9.2 Transition Metal-Ligand Complexes  3.10 Proteins as Sensors  3.11 Conclusion    References    problems4 Time-Domain Lifetime Measurements 4.1 Overview of Time-Domain and Frequency-    Domain Measurements    4.1.1 Meaning of the Lifetime or Decay Time    4.1.2 Phase and Modulation Lifetimes    4.1.3 Examples of Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Lifetimes  4.2 Biopolymers Display Multi-Exponential or Heterogeneous Decays    4.2.1 Resolution of Multi-Exponential Decays Is Difficult  4.3 Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting    4.3.1 Principles of TCSPC    4.3.2 Example of TCSPC Data    4.3.3 Convolution Integral   4.4 Light Sources for TCSPC    4.4.l Laser Diodes and Light-Emitting Diodes    4.4.2 Femtosecond Titanium Sapphire Lasers    4.4.3 Picosecond Dye Lasers    4.4.4 Flashlamps    4.4.5 Synchrotron Radiation  4.5 Electronics for TCSPC    4.5.1 Constant Fraction Discriminators    4.5.2 Amplifiers    4.5.3 Time-to-Amplitude Converter (TAC) and Analyte-to-Digital Converter (ADC)    4.5.4 Multichannel Analyzer    4.5.5 Delay Lines    4.5.6 Pulse Pile-Up  4.6 Detectors for TCSPC    4.6.1 Microchannel Plate PMTs    4.6.2 Dynode Chain PMTs    4.6.3 Compact PMTs    4.6.4 Photodiodes as Detectors    4.6.5 Color Effects in Detectors    4.6.6 Timing Effects of Monochromators  4.7 Multi-Detector and Multidimensional TCSPC    4.7.1 Multidimensional TCSPC and DNA Sequencing    4.7.2 Dead Times Repetition Rates and Photon Counting Rates  4.8 Alternative Methods for Time-Resolved    Measurements    4.8.1 Transient Recording    4.8.2 Streak Cameras    4.8.3 Upconversion Methods    4.8.4 Microsecond Luminescence Decays  4.9 Data Analysis: Nonlinear Least Squares    4.9.1 Assumptions of Nonlinear Least Squares    4.9.2 Overview of Least-Squares Analysis    4.9.3 Meaning of the Goodness-of-Fit    4.9.4 Autocorrelation Function  4.10 Analysis of Multi-Exponential Decays    4.10.1 p-Terphenyl and Indole: Two Widely    Spaced Lifetimes    4.10.2 Comparison of XR2 Values: F Statistic    4.10.3 Parameter Uncertainty: Confidence    Intervals    4.10.4 Effect of the Number of Photon Counts    4.10.5 Anthranilic Acid and 2-Aminopurine:    Two Closely Spaced Lifetimes  ……5 Frequency-Domain Lifetime Measurements6 Solvent and Environmental Effects7 Dynamics of Solvent and Spectral Relaxation8 Quenching of Fluourescence9 Mechanisms and Dynamics of Fluorescence Quenching10 Fluorescence Anisotropy11 Time-Dependent Anisotropy Decays12 Advanced Anisotropy Concepts13 Energy Transfer14 Time-Resolved Energy Transfer and Conformational Distributions of Biopolymers15 Energy Transfer to Multiple Acceptors in One, Two, or Three Dimensions16 Protein Fluorescence17 Time-Resolved Protein Fluorescence18 Multiphoton Excitation and microsocopy19 Fluorescence Sensing20 Novel Fluorophores21 DNA Technology22 Fluorescence-Lifetime Imaging Microscopy23 Single-Molecule Detection24 Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy25 Radiative Decay Engineering: Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence26 Radiative Decay Engineering: Surface Plasmon-Coupled EmissionAppendix I. Corrected Emission SpectraAppendix II. Fluorescent Lifetime StandardsAppendix III. Additional ReadingAnswers to ProblemsIndex

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