來源批判學(xué)(source criticism)認(rèn)為太 5:3 //路 6:20 源于 Q, 原始的語錄應(yīng)更接近路加福音, 沒有 τ? πνε?ματι ‘靈’(與格)的說法. (Luke = Q {A} ()8, 見 Q 文獻(xiàn)彙註 Q 6:20-21: the Beatitudes for the poor, hungry, and mourning, ed. Thomas Hieke, (Peeters, 2001), pp. 78—140.) 一般認(rèn)為, τ? πνε?ματι 系馬太所增, 盡管在希伯來文里有對應(yīng)的說法.
諸家註者皆同意, 此處 πτωχο? 并不僅指物質(zhì)上的‘貧困’, 而馬太所加的 τ? πνε?ματι 則更強(qiáng)調(diào)貧困者精神狀態(tài)、宗教信仰的方面. 而且這里的‘貧困’帶有正面積極的意義, 即窮人在精神上、‘靈里’的匱乏、絕望和對神的“依靠”、“渴求”. (見 Luz, Matth?us, ET Matthew 1-7, Hermeneia; Davies & Allison, Commentary on Matthew, ICC; Betz, Sermon on the Mount, Hermeneia; France, The Gospel of Matthew, NICNT; Hagner, Matthew 1-13, WBC; Gundry, Matthew, A Commentary on His Literary and Theological Art; Craig Keener, A Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew 等.)
最近在書店里逛,才了解到西方現(xiàn)代也有很多翻譯圣經(jīng)的,并不因?yàn)橛袣J定本就止步,而且也并非在欽定本的基礎(chǔ)上從頭再來。希伯來語也好,希臘語也好,亞美尼亞語也好,我都不懂,只能看看英譯本的。關(guān)于哥林多前書的那段翻譯,我抄一段: Love suffers long and love is kind. Love has No jealousy and cannot boast and has No pride. Love isn't crude and doesn't seek Things for itself, is not provoked to anger, Nor counts up wrongs. Not gloating in misdeeds, Its happiness is truth. Love bears all things, Believes all things; it hopes and it endures. Love never falls. Yet prophecies will cease And tongues turn dumb and knowledge also vanish. We know only in part, we prophesy Only in part, yet when perfection comes, Then what is but a part will disappear. From ' The Restored New Testament' Translated by Willis Barnstone
別的不說,和合本翻譯的是愛永不止息,馮翻譯的是愛永不會墜落。沒看過原文,不敢輕易評判,也不敢輕易說什么雞湯。 但看那個英譯本,用的是fall,明顯是墜落的意思,不是止息的意思吧。 再查KJB, Charity never faileth:but whether there be prophecies, they shall fail,;whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whther there be knowledge, it shall vanish away.估計(jì)欽定本是根據(jù)對應(yīng)的關(guān)系faileth 翻譯成止息吧,但fail 應(yīng)該也有失敗的意思吧?